The impact of soil salinity on maize agriculture: An experimental archaeology approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Kenneth Barnett Tankersley ◽  
Isabel Hassett ◽  
Elaine Platt ◽  
Audrey Laiveling ◽  
Emma Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Archaeology ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Maize Agriculture ◽  
Ancestral Puebloan ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blue Maize

This article uses experimental archaeology to provide empirical data on the impact of soil salinization on ancient maize agriculture. Hopi blue maize was experimentally grown in a drought-prone soil containing an extremely high level (50%) of evaporite mineral salts (CaCO3, CaSO4, and NaCl) in order to evaluate their effect on agricultural productivity. A control group of plants was grown in the absence of mineral salts. All of plants, which were companion planted with beans and squash, were adversely impacted by evaporite mineral salts. Maize grown alone in CaCO3−, CaSO4−, and NaCl-enriched soil exceeded the height of the control plants because the mineral salts acted as a fertilizer. Plants grown in NaCl-enriched soil produced cobbs that were reduced in size and kernel number. These findings suggest that CaCO3 and CaSO4, the most common evaporite mineral salts found in soil, would not have adversely impacted Ancestral Puebloan maize agriculture.

IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Victor A. Ognev ◽  
Anna A. Podpriadova ◽  
Anna V. Lisova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:The high level of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease is largely due toinsufficient influence on the main risk factors that contribute to the development of myocardial infarction.Therefore, a detailed study and assessment of risk factors is among the most important problems of medical and social importance. The aim: To study and evaluate the impact of biological, social and hygienic, social and economic, psychological, natural and climatic risk factors on the development of myocardial infarction. Materials and methods: A sociological survey was conducted in 500 people aged 34 to 85. They were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 310 patients with myocardial infarction. The control group consisted of 190 practically healthy people, identical by age, gender and other parameters, without diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results: It was defined that 30 factors have a significant impact on the development of myocardial infarction.Data analysis revealed that the leading risk factors for myocardial infarction were biological and socio-hygienic. The main biological factors were: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The man socio-hygienic factor was smoking. Conclusions: Identification of risk factors provides new opportunities for the development of more effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Static Postural Balance in Modern Pentathletes: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Sadowska ◽  
Tomasz Sacewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Lichota ◽  
Justyna Krzepota ◽  
Maria Ładyga
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conscious Control

Postural balance is a key element of shooting effectiveness, which determines the outcome of modern pentathlon competitions. The aim of the study is to examine the postural balance of 27 pentathletes (12 females and 15 males; mean age: 18.0 ± 1.8 years), and 26 physically active, untrained subjects (12 females and 14 males; mean age: 22.5 ± 1.4 years), and to investigate the impact of footwear on the stability of the shooting position in pentathletes. Methods: Static postural balance was examined during quiet stance in four test conditions (standing in footwear with eyes opened, standing in footwear with eyes closed, standing barefoot with eyes opened, and standing barefoot with eyes closed). During each postural balance measurement, the participant remained still on the platform, with their arms in front of their body. Postural balance in the shooting position was only evaluated in the group of pentathletes. The athlete was asked to assume a comfortable shooting position on the platform and to aim at the target. Standard pentathlon targets and pistols were used in the study. Measurements were carried out twice (barefoot and in footwear). Results: In all conditions, pentathletes achieved lower values of posturographic measures than in the control group. In non-visual conditions, measures describing the surface area of the centre of pressure decreased in pentathletes and increased in the control group. Both pentathletes and non-athletes were equally stable barefoot as in footwear. Footwear did not affect postural sway in the shooting position in pentathletes. Conclusions: Pentathletes were found to have significantly better stance stability and were less vision-dependent in postural balance than untrained subjects. Bearing in mind that the shooting position of pentathletes was as stable barefoot as in footwear, the main factors which were most likely responsible for minimising body oscillations in the pentathletes were their high level of concentration and conscious control of body alignment.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of a Group Counseling Program Based on Psychodrama in Enhancing Self-Awareness and Reducing Tension Among Tenth Grade Students in Qalqilia City

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. e23921
Author(s):  
Fakher Nabeel Khalili ◽  
Said Swilem
Keyword(s):  
Group Counseling ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Counseling Program ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

This research was conducted through two studies, the purposes of the first study were to assess tension and self-awareness levels among the tenth-grade male and female students in Qalqilia city in Palestine, and to examine the impact of gender on tension and self-awareness. To achieve these goals a descriptive method was used, the sample consisted of (158) male and (152) female students age 16 years old. They were stratified randomly selected. This study found tension appears to be a broad problem in Palestine among respondents, and it is chronically existent with a high level. On the other hand, this study proved that self-awareness among Palestinian adolescents is low. No significant differences in tension and self-awareness due to gender were found. The objective of study 2 was, to examine the effect of psychodrama on the levels of tension and self-awareness of tenth-grade male students in Qalqilia city using the two-matching group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group consisted of (10) students and they received a psychodrama group counseling program, in order to reduce tension and enhance self-awareness. While the control group received nothing. Based on the results psychodrama is an effective tool to treat tension and enhance self-awareness. It is suggested that for future studies to be from different grades and both gender with larger sample size. It is also recommended to assess tension and self-awareness in different regions in Palestine.

scholarly journals Empirical evaluation of professional traineeships for young people up to 30 years of age

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Hora
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Labour Market Policy ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this article, we evaluate ‘Professional traineeships for young people up to 30 years’, an active labour market policy measure implemented in the Czech Republic. Professional traineeships were one of the possibilities for suitable offer to young people within Youth Guarantee in the Czech Republic in 2014 and 2015. First, we conducted a process evaluation (document analysis and interviews) to uncover the design and implementation aspects of the program. Next, we followed the counterfactual impact evaluation approach towards the estimate of returns to unemployment (competing risk analysis) based on individual administration data from public employment services. We have found that professional traineeships were successful in attracting the interest of both young people and employers. Mainly young people with middle and high level education have entered the program. Most of them have been provided with on-the-job subsidies in the private sector. When considering the impact of the program on the unemployment of participants and a control group, it was shown that after two years, the measure was effective only for young people with long pre-program Employment Office registration. When we consider the reasons for leaving Employment Office registration, the measure seems to be more effective, since many young people in the control group left the Employment Office register in favour of options that were outside of the labour market.

scholarly journals THE PECULIARITIES OF THE BODY’S EXTERNAL STRUCTURE AND INDICATORS OF CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS OF DIFFERENT POSITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-924
Author(s):  
Larisa A. Sarafinjuk ◽  
Olga P. Khapitska ◽  
Larysa Ya. Fedoniuk ◽  
Lyudmila V. Fomina ◽  
Daria A. Merkulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Impact Index ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The aim was to determine the main differences in the external structure of the body and the of central hemodynamics parameters in of high-level sports skills volleyball players of the juvenile age with the role of libero, hitters and setters. Materials and methods: 116 volleyball players of high level athletic skill of the youth age from 16 to 20 years old. The control group included 140 practically healthy girls who were not engaged in sports of the corresponding age. Anthropometric investigation was performed according to Bunak’s V.V. and Martirosov’s E.G. method, rheographic – according to the method of Ronkin M.A. and Ivanov L.B. The reliability of the difference between independent quantitative values was determined using Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: It was established that volleyball players have significantly higher total, longitudinal, circumferential dimensions of the body, width of distal epiphyses, transverse diameters of the chest and pelvis in comparison with girls, who are not involved in sport. According to the most parameters of the body external structure the hitters are predominate than setters and libero. In hitters and setters, most anthropo-somatotypological parameters are larger than in nonathletes. The stroke and minute volumes, the impact index, the volume velocity of the blood and the capacity of the left ventricle in volleyball players are significantly higher. Specific peripheral resistance is significantly lower than that of girls who are not involved in sports. Between the volleyball players of different positions in the value of the central hemodynamics parameters, there were no significant differences, except for the impact index, which is significantly higher in libero than in the hitters. Conclusions: The external structure of the body, anthropometric parameters and indicators of central hemodynamics depend of volleyball player’s position and have some peculiarities.

scholarly journals Implicaciones de la gamificación en educación matemática, un estudio exploratorio

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (68) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Gonzalez ◽  
Elisabeth Ramos Rodríguez ◽  
Patricia Vásquez Saldías
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Application ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
Teaching Of Mathematics ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Las aplicaciones tecnológicas ofrecidas para la educación son variadas, brindando nuevas posibilidades de aprendizaje. Se debe estar en constante vigilancia de las propuestas de gamificación para el aula, dado que su desarrollo y uso no asegura un éxito en la enseñanza. Estudiamos el impacto de la gamificación en la enseñanza de la matemática, analizando su papel en el tratamiento de las figuras geométricas cono y cilindro con estudiantes de 13 y 14 años. Desde un enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo de tipo cuasi-experimental, con grupo control y piloto y aplicación de test, se realiza un análisis estadístico clásico e implicativo, evidenciando un mayor porcentaje de respuestas correctas del grupo piloto, en el ítem sobre la relación entre el volumen del cono y el cilindro, con un 96,3%, en contraste un 73,08% que obtuvo el grupo control. Además, se muestra un comportamiento con alto nivel de similaridad (84,4%) entre el uso del videojuego y responder satisfactoriamente los ítems. Esto nos sugiere que este medio educativo puede provocar mejoras en los aprendizajes del alumnado, quien parece ser proclive a su uso. The technological applications offered for education are varied, providing new learning possibilities. Gamification proposals for the classroom must be constantly monitored, since their development and use does not ensure success in teaching. We study the impact of gamification in the teaching of mathematics, analyzing its role in the treatment of geometric cone and cylinder figures with 13 and 14 years old students. From a descriptive quantitative approach of quasi-experimental type, with a control and pilot group and test application, a classical and implicative statistical analysis is carried out, showing a higher percentage of correct answers from the pilot group, in the item on the relationship between the volume of the cone and the cylinder, with 96.3%, in contrast to 73.08% obtained by the control group. In addition, a behavior with a high level of similarity (84.4%) is shown between the use of virtual games and satisfactorily answering the items. This suggests that this educational medium can cause improvements in the learning of students who seem to be prone to its use.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mindfulness Training on the Attention to Facial Expressions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiyong Bi ◽  
Hui Kou ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Yuxia He ◽  
Siqi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Emotional Attention ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The improvements of attention by mindfulness training had been proved. But the effects of mindfulness training on attention to emotional stimuli were mixed. We employed a randomized, controlled design to investigate the effects of mindfulness training on the attention to emotional expressions, and investigated whether baseline levels of dispositional mindfulness and emotional intelligence would moderate the intervention effects. Forty participants received 8-week mindfulness training and another forty participants attended two lectures about mindfulness. All participants completed the visual search task, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and the Emotional Intelligence Scale at both pre-training and post-training. The improvements of search efficiencies were larger in the mindfulness group than those in the control group for sad and angry faces, but not for happy faces (F(2, 156)=4.04, p=0.019, η2=0.05). In addition, baseline emotional intelligence (βsadness=-4.49, t=-2.08, p=0.041, 95%CI [-8.78, -0.19]; βanger=-7.39, t=-4.08, p<0.001, 95%CI [-10.99, -3.78]) but not dispositional mindfulness (βsadness=3.17, t=1.56, p=0.124, 95%CI [-0.89, 7.22]; βanger=-1.89, t=-1.02, p=0.313, 95%CI [-5.61, 1.82]) played a significantly moderating role in the relationship between mindfulness training and emotional attention to sadness and anger. The search efficiencies of negative emotions (i.e., anger and sadness) but not positive emotions (i.e., happiness) were significantly improved by mindfulness training. Individuals with high level of baseline emotional intelligence showed significant improvement on the search efficiencies relative to those with low level of emotional intelligence.

scholarly journals Somatotypological features of acrobat girls in different periods of ontogenesis

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
L. A. Sarafinyuk ◽  
O. P. Khapitska ◽  
Yu. I. Yakusheva ◽  
A. O. Ivanytsia ◽  
P. V. Sarafinyuk
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Sports Skills ◽  
Biological Maturity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Competitive Activities

The somatotypological characteristic of acrobats in the literature is insufficiently disclosed, especially from the position of the role of sports selection, training and competitive activities in the formation of somatotype in athletes, whose professional activity is marked by coordination, rhythm and artistic movements, and the early onset of the impact of intense physical activity on their body. The purpose of the work is to establish the peculiarities of the components of the somatotype of acrobats with a high level of sportsmanship of prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal age. We conducted a survey of 122 girls acrobats of high-level sports skills. As a control group, 126 girls were examined, who were not engaged in sports and studied in schools of Vinnytsia. The girls’ passport age was between 8 and 21 years old. In order to determine the biological age, we used the scheme Avtandilov G. G. (1990). The examined girls were divided into three groups according to the degree of biological maturity: prepubertal period (36 acrobats and 39 girls of the control group); puberty period (31 acrobats and 35 girls of the control group); postpubertal period (55 acrobats and 59 girls of the control group). The somatotypological study was performed according to the estimated modification of the Heath-Carters method (1990). The analysis of the obtained results was carried out in the licensed package “Statistica 5.5” using parametric methods of estimation of indicators. It was found that in the prepubertal period of the ontogenesis in the acrobat and in the girls who were not engaged in sports, the group somatotype was ecto-mesomorphic. In this period, the fatty component of the somatotype in acrobats was significantly lower, and mesomorphic - significantly higher than that of non-sports girls. In the puberty period, the somatotype in control and acrobats had distinct features of the ecto-mesomorphic type. It was found that acrobats in this period had a greater linearity of the body, as evidenced by the significantly higher values of their ectomorphic component of the somatotype. In addition, the size of the endomorphic component was significantly lower in athletes than in the control group. In the postpubertal period of ontogenesis, the F- and L-components were not significantly different, unlike in the previous period, which was characterized by intense puberty development. Acrobats only showed a significant predominance of the mesomorphic component of the somatotype. It can be concluded that the peculiarities of acrobatic sports activity in prepubertal, puberty and postpubertal age have the most significant effect on the development of the fatty and muscular components of the somatotype.

scholarly journals STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF CLUSTERS ON CARIES PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY IN CHILDREN AGED 6-7 WITH DIFFERENT SOMATIC HEALTH STATUSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-440
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Klitynska ◽  
Andriy V. Stishkovskyy ◽  
Natalia V. Hasiuk ◽  
David S. Avetikov ◽  
Viktoria Z. Ivaskevych
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Serum And Urine

The aim: Determining the influence of cluster factors on the emergence and progression of caries in first- and second-grade children is appropriate in terms of determining the most significant ones. Materials and methods: The dental status of 73 children, residents of Uzhhorod, who study in the first grades of secondary schools, has been assessed, three groups have been singled (the control group 26 healthy children). The indices of essential micro- and macronutrients in the hair, saliva, serum and urine, as well as anxiety level have been determined and the statistical analysis has been performed. Results: Decreased magnesium and calcium content in hair, serum, urine and mouth fluid, iodine is absent. Children of the third group have high levels of anxiety (80%), high rates of caries (14,8) and significantly reduced levels of magnesium relative to normal. Conclusions: In the patients of the main groups, a direct correlation was found between the presence of somatic pathology and the level of anxiety. In 80% of children of the third group (CSPS≥3) the level of anxiety is high In the main group patients, a direct correlation was found between the presence of somatic pathology, the level of anxiety, and the decrease in magnesium; The intensity of caries only interacts with a high level of anxiety (1.00), that is, in children who are in constant stress, the intensity of caries increases.

scholarly journals High Level of Complement Factor Ba Within 11 to 17 Weeks of Gestation Increases the Risk of Subsequent Gestational Diabetes: A Propensity Score-Matched Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shen ◽  
Junxian Li ◽  
Hairong Tian ◽  
Ye Ji ◽  
Ziyun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Several studies have shown that the over activation of complement factor B(CFB) was related to obesity, insulin resistance(IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was to assess whether circulating complement factor Ba (CFBa) within 11 to 17 weeks of gestation is associated with subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or not.Methods: Biochemical parameters and blood samples were collected from 399 pregnant women within 11 to 17 weeks of gestation. At 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy, all participants underwent 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (fasting for more than 8 hours before blood sampling) and were assigned to GDM group(n=80) and normal control group(n=319). Perinatal data were collected after delivery. A propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis was performed to reduce the impact of confounding factors on glucose metabolism during pregnancy between the two groups.Results: Two groups of 74 well-matched patients who maintained balance in terms of baseline characteristics. The levels of CFBa in pregnant women who later developed GDM were significantly higher than those in healthy pregnant women [0.4(0.1-0.8) vs. 0.2(0.2-0.3), P=0.031]. Logistic regression results confirmed that the level of CFBa was an independent influencing factor for the occurrence of GDM (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.25-1.85, P=0.000). Further grouping according to the quartile of CFBa level, it was found that the incidence of GDM in category 3 was markedly higher than that in the first and the second categories. Conclusions: High level of the CFBa within 11 to 17 weeks of gestation increased the risk of subsequent GDM, and maybe a biomarker for predicting GDM.

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