Internal Migration of the Foreign-Born in Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bruce Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Family Type ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Nested Logit ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interprovincial Migration ◽  
Sample File

This article uses the Public Use Sample file of the 1986 Canadian census to characterize and explain the interprovincial migration patterns of the foreign-born in Canada. Simple overall in- and outmigration rates are calculated for the foreign-born and compared to the interprovincial migration rates for Canadian-born migrants, specifically primary, return and onward migrants. A two-level nested logit model is then applied for foreign-born migrants age 20–64 to study the effects of personal factors and provincial attributes on their interprovincial migration patterns. The foreign-born have higher in- and outmigration rates than primary migrants, with Ontario having a strong ability to attract and retain the foreign-born. Despite these differences, the foreign-born respond to economic variables in a rational way and relatively little of the migration decision process can be explained by place-of-birth effects. Selectivity with respect to personal factors (i.e., education, age, sex, family type) is similar to the Canadian-born.

Provincial Out-Migration Patterns of Canadian Elderly: Characterization and Explanation

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1093-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ledent ◽  
K-L Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Nested Logit ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Interprovincial Migration ◽  
Market Variables ◽  
Using Data

Interprovincial migration patterns of Canada's elderly are examined and compared with their nonelderly counterparts, by using data from Revenue Canada's income tax file for a fifteen-year period (1966/67 – 1980/81). First, in a simple descriptive analysis it is shown that, despite becoming increasingly different through time, the departure rates as well as the patterns of destination choice of the two groups were broadly similar. Second, a multivariate statistical analysis, carried out using a nested logit model, reveals that (1) the pattern of destination choice of the elderly was relatively sensitive (even more so through time) to environmental factors, whereas that of the nonelderly was relatively sensitive to labor-market variables, and that (2) the variation in provincial departure rates (for both groups) depended significantly on the size and composition of the origin population as well as the drawing power of the rest of the system. In particular, our results suggest that the overall decline observed in the elderly's departure rates is the consequence of changing sensitivity to circumstances in the province of origin rather than to circumstances in the potential destinations.

scholarly journals Spatial and space-time correlations in systems of subpopulations with genetic drift and migration.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-727
Author(s):  
B K Epperson
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
And Migration

Abstract The geographic distribution of genetic variation is an important theoretical and experimental component of population genetics. Previous characterizations of genetic structure of populations have used measures of spatial variance and spatial correlations. Yet a full understanding of the causes and consequences of spatial structure requires complete characterization of the underlying space-time system. This paper examines important interactions between processes and spatial structure in systems of subpopulations with migration and drift, by analyzing correlations of gene frequencies over space and time. We develop methods for studying important features of the complete set of space-time correlations of gene frequencies for the first time in population genetics. These methods also provide a new alternative for studying the purely spatial correlations and the variance, for models with general spatial dimensionalities and migration patterns. These results are obtained by employing theorems, previously unused in population genetics, for space-time autoregressive (STAR) stochastic spatial time series. We include results on systems with subpopulation interactions that have time delay lags (temporal orders) greater than one. We use the space-time correlation structure to develop novel estimators for migration rates that are based on space-time data (samples collected over space and time) rather than on purely spatial data, for real systems. We examine the space-time and spatial correlations for some specific stepping stone migration models. One focus is on the effects of anisotropic migration rates. Partial space-time correlation coefficients can be used for identifying migration patterns. Using STAR models, the spatial, space-time, and partial space-time correlations together provide a framework with an unprecedented level of detail for characterizing, predicting and contrasting space-time theoretical distributions of gene frequencies, and for identifying features such as the pattern of migration and estimating migration rates in experimental studies of genetic variation over space and time.

Psychological impact on people Due to Pandemic of Covid-19 in selected Areas of Mumbai

2021 ◽  
pp. 541-551
Author(s):  
Christine Michael
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel coronavirus, now called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; formerly called 2019-nCoV). COVID-19 is an emerging respiratory infection that was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China.1 The 2019-nCoV has close similarity to bat coronaviruses, and it has been postulated that bats are the primary source. While the origin of the 2019-nCoV is still being investigated, current evidence suggests spread to humans occurred via transmission from wild animals illegally sold in the Huainan Seafood Wholesale Market.2 SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the larger family of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, leading to infections, from the common cold, to more serious diseases, such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).1 The main symptoms of COVID-19 have been identified as fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, shortness of breath, and dyspnoea.1 COVID-19 is characterized by rapid transmission, and can occur by close contact with an infected person.1 COVID-19 has spread widely and rapidly, from Wuhan city, to other parts of the world, threatening the lives of many people 1. By the end of January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a public health emergency of international concern and called for the collaborative effort of all countries, to prevent its rapid spread. Later, the WHO declared COVID-19 a “global pandemic” 1. It is mainly transmitted through respiratory and close contact, which leads to the phenomenon of clustering infection in families and hospitals. Because of the sudden nature of the outbreak and the infectious power of the virus, it will inevitably cause people anxiety, depression and other stress reactions.3 It is necessary to understand and investigate the public psychological states during this tumultuous time.3 The results of the survey are of great practical significance to the information provision, cognition, behavior guidance and psychological support of governments at all levels.3 Understanding and investigating the public psychological states during this tumultuous time is of practical significance.3 Social and family attention and mental health support are essential. 3However, we think that the psychological impact of this pandemic like stress and anxiety among the general population is also a grave concern. Hence, this study attempted to find the psychological impact of COVID 19 on people in selected areas in Mumbai. Objectives: (1) To assess the psychological impact on people due to the pandemic of COVID-19 (2) To find the association between psychological impact and their selected demographic variables (age, gender, religion, marital status, educational status, occupation, family type, income, area of residence, and housing type). Review of literature: 3 sections (1) Studies related to psychological impact of COVID 19 on general population (2) Studies related to psychological impact of COVID 19 on health professionals (3) Studies related to psychological impact of COVID 19 on students. The Conceptual framework for the study was based on Health Promotion Model. Methodology: The Research Design used was descriptive study. The sample size was 200 people from selected areas of Mumbai. The samples were selected by using snow ball method. The data were collected by using self- administered 4 point Likert scale which was developed by the investigators. The tool was validated by 5 experts. Reliability was established by split half method. (r = 0.8). The main study was conducted in selected areas of Mumbai. The data collected were tabulated, analysed and interpreted using statistical test such as chi square. Findings of the study: The findings of the study revealed that there was severe psychological impact due to the pandemic of COVID-19 among the people. There was no significant association between psychological impact and age, sex, religion, marital status, family type, income, area of residence, and housing type except educational status and occupation which were significant (chi square values 21.03) for the psychological impact on the people and the rest of the demographic variables are found to be non-significant. Conclusion: The study concluded by stating the fact that, the psychological impact of people due to the pandemic of covid-19 was severe. The findings, recommendation and conclusion were stated adequately.

Diaspora in the United States: Chinese and Indians Compared

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Skop ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
China And India ◽  
History Of ◽  
Migrant Groups ◽  
The U.S

AbstractIn recent years, the migration rates from both China and India to the U.S. have accelerated. Since 2000 more than a third of foreign-born Chinese and 40% of foreign-born Indians have arrived in that country. This paper will document the evolving patterns of immigration from China and India to the U.S. by tracing the history of immigration and racial discrimination, the dramatic transitions that have occurred since the mid-20th century, and the current demographic and socioeconomic profiles of these two migrant groups.

scholarly journals Genome-wide diversity and global migration patterns in dromedaries follow ancient caravan routes

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lado ◽  
Jean Pierre Elbers ◽  
Angela Doskocil ◽  
Davide Scaglione ◽  
Emiliano Trucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic History ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Scale Population

AbstractDromedaries have been essential for the prosperity of civilizations in arid environments and the dispersal of humans, goods and cultures along ancient, cross-continental trading routes. With increasing desertification their importance as livestock species is rising rapidly, but little is known about their genome-wide diversity and demographic history. As previous studies using few nuclear markers found weak phylogeographic structure, here we detected fine-scale population differentiation in dromedaries across Asia and Africa by adopting a genome-wide approach. Global patterns of effective migration rates revealed pathways of dispersal after domestication, following historic caravan routes like the Silk and Incense Roads. Our results show that a Pleistocene bottleneck and Medieval expansions during the rise of the Ottoman empire have shaped genome-wide diversity in modern dromedaries. By understanding subtle population structure we recognize the value of small, locally adapted populations and appeal for securing genomic diversity for a sustainable utilization of this key desert species.

scholarly journals Selected Health Status Measures of Children from US Immigrant Families

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella M. Yu ◽  
Sue C. Lin ◽  
Terry Adirim
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Immigrant Family ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Joint Variable ◽  
Health Status Measures

Using the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health (N = 91,532), we studied the relationship between the joint effects of immigrant family type (foreign-born children, US-born children/one foreign-born parent, US-born children/both foreign-born parents, and US-born children/US-born parents) and race/ethnicity on various health measures (parent-reported physical and dental health, obesity/overweight, breast-feeding, school absence, injury, and chronic condition). We used weighted logistic regression to examine the independent effects of the 12-level joint variable on various health status measures while controlling for confounding factors. Overall, nearly one-third of families with both foreign-born parents were poor, and one-quarter of the parents in these households did not complete high school. Compared with non-Hispanic White US-born children, multivariable analyses indicate that all Hispanic children have higher odds of obesity, poor physical and dental health, with Hispanic foreign-born children 7 times as likely to report poor/fair physical health. Most children of immigrant parents were more likely to have been breast-fed and less likely to miss school more than 11 days. Child age and household poverty status were independently associated with most of the health status measures. Combined race/ethnicity and immigrant family type categories have heterogeneous associations with each health outcome measure examined. Culturally competent interventions and policies should be developed to serve these expanding communities.

SCHOOL AND AFTER-SCHOOL INTERESTS TAKEN UP BY THE DEPENDENTS OF FOSTER CARE FACILITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF LUBELSKIE VOIVODESHIP)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Marzena Urszula Ruszkowska ◽  
Anna Róg ◽  
Magdalena Zmysłowska
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Family Type ◽  
After School ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Children's Home ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Educational Care

The subject of the article are school and after school interests popular among the dependants staying both in institutional care facilities as well as in family custody. A significant problem, which should be taken into consideration, is the fact that the research is not carried out among young people being brought up in their own biological families, but only among the foster care pupils what can also affect the types of activities undertaken in their free time both in the school environment and after classes. The aim of the research was to determine how different school and after school interests are shaped among dependents of various forms of foster care and what they are conditioned by. Among the indicators influencing the type of activities taken up by the pupils participating in the research the following were enumerated: environmental factors, namely: location of the facility or the family-type children's home; personal factors including age and gender of the dependents, or institutional factors such as the type of facility in which the research respondent is staying; obtained support and help from both educators and teachers.The material for the article was created as part of the project "Education, levelling developmental and educational deficiencies of children under the care of family-run children’s houses as well as the educational care centre (on the example of the selected poviats of Lubelskie, Świętokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie voivodeships)". The project was implemented by the Department of Pedagogy of Higher State School in Biała Podlaska. There were used two methods in the research: diagnostic survey and study of individual cases. The following questionnaires were used: proprietary questionnaires for charges, interview questionnaires with educators of educational care centres and family houses, an observation sheet and interviews with coordinators and directors of the examined institutions.   

Sexual behaviour and social class in Australian women

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mindel ◽  
C Marks ◽  
R Tideman ◽  
J Taylor ◽  
C Seifert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
First Sex ◽  
The Public ◽  
Simplex Virus

Sexual behaviour is determined by social, cultural and personal factors. Sexual behaviour studies have been conducted in many countries. However, information from Australia is limited. This study was conducted in Obstetrics Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney. Questionnaire-derived demographic and behavioural characteristics for public and private patients were compared using bivariate and logistic regression analyses. Of the patients, 3036 were public, and 595 private. On bivariate analysis some significant differences were private patients more likely to be born in Australia and have a higher education level whereas public patients were more likely to have had a greater number of lifetime sexual partners and younger age at first sex. Public patients were more likely to be herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibody positive (12%) than private patients (6%). On logistic regression significant variables included country of birth, being HSV-2 antibody positive, and age at first sex. A number of sexual and social variables were significantly different, comparing patients in the public and private sectors. Evaluation of interventions to reduce the sexual risk to women in the public sector should be considered, including encouraging young women to delay their sexual debut, and reducing the number of sexual partners.

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