The acute effects of baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata) on satiety in healthy adults

Background: The baobab fruit is high in both dietary fibre and polyphenols and therefore may increase satiety. The aim of the study was to measure the effects of baobab fruit extract on satiety. Methods: The study was conducted on 20 healthy participants. The study was a one-day single-blind crossover design. Participants were randomised to either a test smoothie consisting of 15 g of baobab extract or a control smoothie without the addition of baobab. Subjective ratings of satiety were taken on visual analogue scales immediately pre-consumption and then post-consumption, and energy intake at a post ad libitum meal was recorded. Results: Subjective measures of hunger were reduced following the test smoothie compared with the control ( p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in calorie intake at an ad libitum meal. Conclusions: This research has positive implications for the use of baobab for reducing hunger, possibly having a positive effect on weight maintenance.

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Does public pension impact migrant workers’ nutrition: evidence from urban pension insurance in China

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Zhipeng He ◽

Ye Deng ◽

Kang Yu ◽

Lei Li

Keyword(s):

Migrant Workers ◽

Age Groups ◽

Nutritional Intake ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Pension Insurance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Urban Migrant ◽

Intake Structure ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

ABSTRACT: Based on the data of “employment and food demand of urban migrant workers”, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of urban pension insurance on the nutritional intake structure of migrant workers. The results showed that participating in urban pension insurance can change the nutritional intake structure of migrant workers. Additionally, fat and protein replace carbohydrate as the main nutrition sources for migrant workers. After controlling the income and labor intensity of migrant workers and other factors, urban pension insurance has a positive effect on the intake of fat and protein of migrant workers for they increase by 13.5% and 8.8% respectively. There is no significant effect on the intake of carbohydrates of migrant workers. The calorie intake of migrant workers increases by 6.8% accounting for the change of nutritional intake structure. Endogenous and robustness tests showed that the above conclusions are robust. Heterogeneity analysis showed that there is no significant difference in the effect of urban pension insurance on calorie intake of migrant workers in different income levels and age groups.

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Relationship of gastric emptying or accommodation with satiation, satiety, and postprandial symptoms in health

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00190.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 313 (5) ◽

pp. G442-G447 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Houssam Halawi ◽

Michael Camilleri ◽

Andres Acosta ◽

Maria Vazquez-Roque ◽

Ibironke Oduyebo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Symptom Score ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Gastric Accommodation ◽

Total N ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Healthy Participants

The contributions of gastric emptying (GE) and gastric accommodation (GA) to satiation, satiety, and postprandial symptoms remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between GA or GE with satiation, satiety, and postprandial symptoms in healthy overweight or obese volunteers (total n = 285, 73% women, mean BMI 33.5 kg/m2): 26 prospectively studied obese, otherwise healthy participants and 259 healthy subjects with previous similar GI testing. We assessed GE of solids, gastric volumes, calorie intake at buffet meal, and satiation by measuring volume to comfortable fullness (VTF) and maximum tolerated volume (MTV) by using Ensure nutrient drink test (30 ml/min) and symptoms 30 min after MTV. Relationships between GE or GA with satiety, satiation, and symptoms were analyzed using Spearman rank ( rs) and Pearson ( R) linear correlation coefficients. We found a higher VTF during satiation test correlated with a higher calorie intake at ad libitum buffet meal ( rs = 0.535, P < 0.001). There was a significant inverse correlation between gastric half-emptying time (GE T1/2) and VTF ( rs = −0.317, P < 0.001) and the calorie intake at buffet meal ( rs = −0.329, P < 0.001), and an inverse correlation between GE Tlag and GE25% emptied with VTF ( rs = −0.273, P < 0.001 and rs = −0.248, P < 0.001, respectively). GE T1/2 was significantly associated with satiation (MTV, R = −0.234, P < 0.0001), nausea ( R = 0.145, P = 0.023), pain ( R = 0.149, P = 0.012), and higher aggregate symptom score ( R = 0.132, P = 0.026). There was no significant correlation between GA and satiation, satiety, postprandial symptoms, or GE. We concluded that GE of solids, rather than GA, is associated with postprandial symptoms, satiation, and satiety in healthy participants. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A higher volume to comfortable fullness postprandially correlated with a higher calorie intake at ad libitum buffet meal. Gastric emptying of solids is correlated to satiation (volume to fullness and maximum tolerated volume) and satiety (the calorie intake at buffet meal) and symptoms of nausea, pain, and aggregate symptom score after a fully satiating meal. There was no significant correlation between gastric accommodation and either satiation or satiety indices, postprandial symptoms, or gastric emptying.

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Effect of acupressure on post tonsillectomy pain in adolescents: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2019-0065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Somaye Pouy ◽

Abolfazl Etebarian Khorasgani ◽

Ali Azizi-Qadikolaee ◽

Yasaman Yaghobi

Keyword(s):

Pain Control ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Routine Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The World ◽

Before And After ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Single Blind

Abstract Introduction Tonsillectomy is one of the most common pediatric surgeries in the world and pain control following tonsillectomy is very important. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acupressure on the amount of pain following tonsillectomy in children. Method One hundred and forty-four children aged 5–12 years old were assigned into one of three groups: interventions, control and placebo. In the intervention group, acupressure was applied at three acupoints and in the placebo group, sham acupressure was applied. In the control group routine care only was applied. Results There was a significant difference between an average of changes in pain score before and after the intervention during the 3 time periods after the tonsillectomy operation in the acupressure group (p = 0.002). Conclusion The results showed that acupressure had a positive effect on pain reduction after tonsillectomy in children in the intervention group.

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Backward Running: Acute Effects on Sprint Performance in Preadolescent Boys

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports8040055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Dimitrios Petrakis ◽

Eleni Bassa ◽

Anastasia Papavasileiou ◽

Anthi Xenofondos ◽

Dimitrios A. Patikas

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Warm Up ◽

Sprint Speed ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Alternative Means ◽

Rest Time ◽

Positive Effect

The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of backward running (BwR) during warm-up on a 20-m sprint of boys’ performance, compared to forward running (FwR). Fourteen recreationally active preadolescent boys (aged 12.5 ± 0.5 years) were examined in 3 protocols: warm-up (control condition), warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional BwR sprints and warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional FwR sprints. Participants were evaluated 4 minutes after each protocol on a 20-m sprint and intermediate distances, as well as the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Sprint speed across 10-20 m was significantly higher for the BwR warm-up compared to the regular warm-up (p < 0.05) and a significantly higher RPE after the BwR and FwR protocols compared to the control condition was recorded (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected across the distances 0–5, 5–10, 0–10 and 0–20 m. Although adding 3 × 10-m sprints of BwR or FwR after the warm-up did not enhance performance in a 20 m sprint of preadolescent boys, the positive effect of BwR across 10–20 m distance suggests that BwR could be an alternative means for enhancing performance for certain phases of a sprint for this age. However, preadolescent boys’ response to different sprint conditioning exercise stimuli and the optimization of rest time to maximize performance remain to be determined.

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Acute effects of active gaming on ad libitum energy intake and appetite sensations of 8–11-year-old boys

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515003724 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (12) ◽

pp. 2148-2155 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Susan Allsop ◽

Caroline J. Dodd-Reynolds ◽

Benjamin P. Green ◽

Dorothée Debuse ◽

Penny L. S. Rumbold

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Time Points ◽

Visual Analogue Scales ◽

School Based ◽

Active Gaming ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Food And Drink ◽

Analogue Scales

AbstractThe present study examined the acute effects of active gaming on energy intake (EI) and appetite responses in 8–11-year-old boys in a school-based setting. Using a randomised cross-over design, twenty-one boys completed four individual 90-min gaming bouts, each separated by 1 week. The gaming bouts were (1) seated gaming, no food or drink; (2) active gaming, no food or drink; (3) seated gaming with food and drink offered ad libitum; and (4) active gaming with food and drink offered ad libitum. In the two gaming bouts during which foods and drinks were offered, EI was measured. Appetite sensations – hunger, prospective food consumption and fullness – were recorded using visual analogue scales during all gaming bouts at 30-min intervals and at two 15-min intervals post gaming. In the two bouts with food and drink, no significant differences were found in acute EI (MJ) (P=0·238). Significant differences were detected in appetite sensations for hunger, prospective food consumption and fullness between the four gaming bouts at various time points. The relative EI calculated for the two gaming bouts with food and drink (active gaming 1·42 (sem 0·28) MJ; seated gaming 2·12 (sem 0·25) MJ) was not statistically different. Acute EI in response to active gaming was no different from seated gaming, and appetite sensations were influenced by whether food was made available during the 90-min gaming bouts.

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A Multicentre Hospital Study to Compare the Hypnotic Efficacy of Loprazolam and Nitrazepam

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/030006058401200402 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 229-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C Joan McAlpine ◽

S I Ankier ◽

Catherine S C Elliott

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Subjective Evaluation ◽

Double Blind ◽

Visual Analogue Scales ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hypnotic Efficacy ◽

Hospital Study ◽

Analogue Scales ◽

Single Blind

A multicentre, parallel group hospital study was carried out in 190 subjects with insomnia to compare the efficacy, incidence of hangover and the side-effects of loprazolam and nitrazepam. Following 2 nights single-blind phase on placebo, loprazolam (1·0 mg), nitrazepam (5·0 mg) or placebo was administered double-blind for 7 consecutive nights. Visual analogue scales and questions were used to rate efficacy. There was no statistically significant difference between loprazolam and nitrazepam for ‘ease of getting to sleep’, ‘restfulness of sleep’ and ‘depth of sleep’. Like nitrazepam, loprazolam diminished the number of periods of wakefulness and made it ‘easier to get to sleep again’. Subjective evaluation showed that hangover was not a feature of loprazolam. It did not affect morning alertness and patients thought they had improved balance and co-ordination while on this drug. These findings are in keeping with the evidence of other workers who have shown only minimal psychomotor impairment, if any, with loprazolam (1·0 mg). There was no statistically significant difference between treatments with respect to frequency or incidence of side-effects.

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P-Removal in Completely Mixed Systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1985.0254 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (11-12) ◽

pp. 325-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H J. G. W. Donker ◽

P. Opic ◽

H. P. de Vries

Keyword(s):

Mixed System ◽

Domestic Waste ◽

Recirculation Flow ◽

Start Up ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aerobic Reactor ◽

The Difference ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Mixed Systems ◽

P Removal

Ca. 60 % of the Dutch activated sludge plants consist of completely mixed systems, experiments have been carried out in completely mixed pilot plants to study the biological P-removal. The research was carried out in two pilot plants. The pilot plants consisted of: anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor, aerobic reactor and a clarifier. All the reactors were completely mixed. Both plants were fed with settled domestic waste water at a sludge loading of 400 and 250 g COD/kg sludge.day respectively. The results are given below:sludge loading (g COD/kg sludge.day)400400250ratio Anaerobic : Anoxic : Aerobic1: 1:2,71:1:4,11:1:2,7P-removal (%)802875N-removal (%)505065COD-removal (%)858585 It has been shown that there is no significant difference between the results at the two different sludge loadings. Remarkable is the difference between the ratio 1:1:2,7 in combination with the internal recirculation flow anoxic-anaerobic of 160 % and the ratio 1:1:4,1 with a recirculation flow of 30 %. During the start-up at a sludge loading of 250 g COD/kg sludge.day and an internal recirculation flow of 30 %, bulking sludge developed almost immediately. The Premoval was completely disturbed. Increasing the internal recirculation flow to 160% had a positive effect on settling properties and P-removal. This investigation has pointed out that a completely mixed system is suitable for biological P-removal, without negatively affecting the nitrification. Important factors in the process are the ratio anaerobic:anoxic:aerobic and the recirculation flows.

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A comparative study of the acute effects of knee brace vs. kinesiotape on selected isokinetic strength variables of the knee muscles

Isokinetics and Exercise Science ◽

10.3233/ies-200175 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Ali Kerim Yilmaz ◽

Mehmet Vural ◽

Mustafa Özdal ◽

Menderes Kabadayi

Keyword(s):

Knee Injuries ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Post Injury ◽

Kinesio Tape ◽

Knee Strength ◽

Significant Difference ◽

S Peak ◽

Male Subjects ◽

Methods Of Treatment

BACKGROUND: Different methods of treatment for preventing knee injuries, enhancing knee strength and minimising post-injury risks have been explored. Among these methods, Kinesio tape (KT) and knee braces (KB) are commonly used. OBJECTIVE : To investigate the acute effects of KT and KB on isokinetic knee strength parameters. METHODS: A total of 15 healthy sedentary male subjects voluntarily participated in the study. Concentric isokinetic knee extension (EX) and flexion (FLX) strength were measured at three sessions: 1. Baseline 2. with KT (’KT’) 3. with KB (’KB’). Tests were performed at 60, 180 and 240∘/s. Peak moment (PM), Hamstring/Quadriceps ratio (HQR), and joint angle at peak moment (JAPM) were measured. RESULTS: ‘KT’ and ‘KB’ were associated with increase in PMEX, PMFLX, HQR at 60 and 240∘/s (p< 0.05) and increased JAPMEX. No significant difference was observed at 180∘/s (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: In healthy individuals, ‘I’ shape KT and KB positively affect EX and FLX strengths and HQR, especially at low angular velocity.

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Effect of opposing needling on motor cortex excitability in healthy participants and in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia: study protocol for a single-blind, randomised controlled trial

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-021-05443-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mindong Xu ◽

Yinyu Zi ◽

Jianlu Wu ◽

Nenggui Xu ◽

Liming Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Cortex ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Motor Evoked Potentials ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Motor Cortex Excitability ◽

Opposing Needling ◽

Single Blind ◽

Healthy Participants

Abstract Background Opposing needling has an obvious curative effect in the treatment of post-stroke hemiplegia; however, the mechanism of the opposing needling in the treatment of post-stroke hemiplegia is still not clear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of opposing needling on the excitability of primary motor cortex (M1) of healthy participants and patients with post-stroke hemiplegia, which may provide insight into the mechanisms of opposing needling in treating post-stroke hemiplegia. Methods This will be a single-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial in which 80 healthy participants and 40 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia will be recruited. Healthy participants will be randomised 1:1:1:1 to the 2-Hz, 50-Hz, 100-Hz, and sham electroacupuncture groups. Patients with post-stroke hemiplegia will be randomised 1:1 to the opposing needling or conventional treatment groups. The M1 will be located in all groups by using neuroimaging-based navigation. The stimulator coil of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) will be moved over the left and right M1 in order to identify the TMS hotspot, followed by a recording of resting motor thresholds (RMTs) and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of the thenar muscles induced by TMS before and after the intervention. The primary outcome measure will be the percent change in the RMTs of the thenar muscles at baseline and after the intervention. The secondary outcome measures will be the amplitude (μV) and latency (ms) of the MEPs of the thenar muscles at baseline and after the intervention. Discussion The aim of this trial is to explore the effect of opposing needling on the excitability of M1 of healthy participants and patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900028138. Registered on 13 December 2019.

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In vitro study of human osteoblast proliferation and morphology on orthodontic mini-implants

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/100714-717.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 (6) ◽

pp. 920-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ricardo Carvalho Bueno ◽

Roberta Tarkany Basting

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Control Group ◽

Osteoblast Proliferation ◽

Mini Implants ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Implant Anchorage ◽

Positive Effect

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the proliferation and morphology of human osteoblasts cultured on two brands of mini-implants after 24, 48, and 72 hours, in addition to the chemical composition found on their surface. Materials and Methods: Two brands of mini-implant (Morelli and Neodent) were evaluated; polystyrene was used as a control group (n = 3). Osteoblasts were cultured on the surface of sterilized mini-implants in a CO2 incubator at different time periods (24, 48, and 72 hours). Osteoblast proliferation was quantified by scanning electron microscopy using up to 5000× magnification, and cell morphology was analyzed by a single observer. For the chemical analysis, spectroscopy X-ray fluorescence was used to identify and quantify chemical components on the surface of the mini-implants. Results: Two-way ANOVA showed no significant interaction between the factors studied (P = 0.686). A Tukey test revealed no significant difference in osteoblast proliferation between the mini-implants at all studied periods; however, a difference in cell proliferation was detected between the Neodent and the control group (P = .025). For all groups, time had a direct and positive effect on osteoblast proliferation (P < .001). The significant elements present in both brands of mini-implants were titanium, aluminum, vanadium, and iron. Conclusions: Osteoblast proliferation was present on the mini-implants studied, which increased over time; however, no significant difference between brands was observed. No difference was seen between the mini-implants evaluated in terms of chemical composition. Cell adhesion after 72 hours suggests that areas of bone remodeling can be achieved, thus initiating the process of mini-implant anchorage.

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