scholarly journals Backward Running: Acute Effects on Sprint Performance in Preadolescent Boys

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Petrakis ◽  
Eleni Bassa ◽  
Anastasia Papavasileiou ◽  
Anthi Xenofondos ◽  
Dimitrios A. Patikas
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of backward running (BwR) during warm-up on a 20-m sprint of boys’ performance, compared to forward running (FwR). Fourteen recreationally active preadolescent boys (aged 12.5 ± 0.5 years) were examined in 3 protocols: warm-up (control condition), warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional BwR sprints and warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional FwR sprints. Participants were evaluated 4 minutes after each protocol on a 20-m sprint and intermediate distances, as well as the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Sprint speed across 10-20 m was significantly higher for the BwR warm-up compared to the regular warm-up (p < 0.05) and a significantly higher RPE after the BwR and FwR protocols compared to the control condition was recorded (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected across the distances 0–5, 5–10, 0–10 and 0–20 m. Although adding 3 × 10-m sprints of BwR or FwR after the warm-up did not enhance performance in a 20 m sprint of preadolescent boys, the positive effect of BwR across 10–20 m distance suggests that BwR could be an alternative means for enhancing performance for certain phases of a sprint for this age. However, preadolescent boys’ response to different sprint conditioning exercise stimuli and the optimization of rest time to maximize performance remain to be determined.

scholarly journals Αcute Effect of Two Different Post-Activation Potentiation Running Protocols on Sprint Performance of Preadolescent Boys

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Petrakis ◽  
Bassa ◽  
Papavasileiou
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Control Protocol ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Omni Scale

AIM: Forward and backward sprint are two types of locomotion commonly used in sports. The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effect of two post-activation potentiation sprint protocols, including the aforementioned types of locomotion, in subsequent 20-m sprint performance (SP) and the possible fatigue caused by them in preadolescent boys. MATERIAL & METHOD: Fourteen recreationally active preadolescent boys (aged 12.49 ± 0.52 years) volunteered to participate in the study. Boys’ SP was evaluated randomly on three non-consecutive days. SP was evaluated 4 min after (a) a typical warm-up (3 min jogging and dynamic stretching), (b) the typical warm-up followed by 3 x 10 m forward sprint and (c) the typical warm-up followed by 3 × 10 m backward sprint. Τhe Microgate Witty Wireless Training Timer was used for the evaluation of SP and the 10-degree OMNI scale for the evaluation of the rate of perceived exertion. RESULTS: ANOVA with repeated measures indicated no statistically significant effect of protocol on the 0–5, 0–10 and 0–20 m SP (p > 0.05). On the contrary, it was found that the protocols in which 3 × 10 m forward or backward sprint was incorporated caused statistically significant greater fatigue than the control protocol (p < 0.001), without any differences between them. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of three 10-m sprints, either forward or backward, to a standard warm-up does not cause acute improvement in 20-m sprint performance in preadolescent boys, as both protocols cause greater fatigue than a typical warm-up. Therefore, their addition to warm-up of preadolescent boys is not recommended.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Salvia Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Athletes During a Fatiguing Cycling Exercise: A Randomized Cross-Over, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blind Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Babault ◽  
Ahmad Noureddine ◽  
Nicolas Amiez ◽  
Damien Guillemet ◽  
Carole Cometti
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fatiguing Exercise

Background:Salvia (sage) supplementation has been shown to improve the cognition function in healthy individuals or patients (e.g., attention, memory). To date, no study has explored its relevancy in the context of sporting performance. The aim of this study was to explore the acute effects of a combination of Salvia officinalis and Salvia lavandulaefolia on cognitive function in athletes performing a fatiguing cycling task.Methods: Twenty-six volunteers were included in this cross-over, randomized, double-bind vs. placebo trial. Two hours before the two experimental sessions (here called SAGE and PLACEBO), volunteers randomly received a supplementation of sage or placebo. During each experimental session, participants were tested at four occasions while cycling during a warm-up, in the middle and at the end of a fatiguing task and after a short 5-min recovery. Tests included a Stroop task, a simple reaction time task, and a backward digit span memory task. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also measured at the beginning of the four test sessions.Results: Heart rate was significantly greater during the fatiguing exercise than during warm-up and recovery (P &lt; 0.001) without any supplementation effect. RPE was greater during the fatiguing exercise than during warm-up and recovery (P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, RPE was significantly lower during the SAGE session as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.002). Reaction time was not altered during the exercise but was significantly shorter with SAGE as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.023). The Stroop task only revealed significantly longer reaction time during warm-up as compared to recovery (P = 0.02) independently of the supplementation. The digit span memory test revealed a significant greater span score with SAGE as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.044).Conclusion: The combination of Salvia improved the cognitive functions (perceived exertion, working memory, and reaction time). The positive effects were obtained in fresh condition and were maintained with fatigue.

scholarly journals Practical Torso Cooling During Soccer-Specific Exercise in the Heat

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstie Parris ◽  
Christopher J. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Improve Exercise Performance ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Cool Conditions

Context Precooling and midevent cooling of the torso using cooling vests can improve exercise performance in the heat with or without physiological changes; however, the effects of such cooling during intermittent exercise in the heat are unknown. Objective To investigate the effects of torso cooling during intermittent exercise in the heat (35°C, 50% relative humdity) on sprint performance and the physiological and perceptual responses to the exercise. Design Crossover study. Setting Walk-in environmental chamber. Patients or Other Participants Ten non–heat-acclimated, male soccer players (age = 25 ± 2 years, height = 1.77 ± 0.06 m, mass = 72.9 ± 7.6 kg). Intervention(s) Two 90-minute bouts of soccer-specific intermittent running in the heat: 1 trial with a cooling vest worn during the exercise and 1 trial without a cooling vest. Each trial comprised two 45-minute periods separated by approximately 15 minutes of seated rest in cool conditions (approximately 23°C, 50% relative humdity). Main Outcome Measure(s) Peak sprint speed, rectal temperature (Tr), mean-weighted skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and thermal sensation (TS) were measured every 5 minutes. Results Peak sprint performance was largely unaffected by the cooling vest. The Tr, Tsk, HR, RPE, and TS were unaffected in the cooling-vest trial during the first 45 minutes, but Tr rose at a slower rate in the cooling-vest trial (0.026°C.min–1 ± 0.008°C.min–1) than in the no-vest trial (0.032°C.min–1 ± 0.009°C.min–1). During the second 45-minute period, Tr, Tr rate of rise, Tsk, RPE, and TS were lower in the cooling-vest trial (Hedges g range, 0.55–0.84), but mean HR was unaffected. Conclusions Wearing a cooling vest during soccer-specific intermittent running in the heat reduced physiological and perceptual strain but did not increase peak sprint speed.

Static and Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Gymnasts’ Speed in Vaulting

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theophanis Siatras ◽  
Georgios Papadopoulos ◽  
Dimitra Mameletzi ◽  
Vasilios Gerodimos ◽  
Spiros Kellis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Stretching Effect ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Although warm-up and stretching exercises are routinely performed by gymnasts, it is suggested that stretching immediately prior to an activity might affect negatively the athletic performance. The focus of this investigation was on the acute effect of a protocol, including warm-up and static and dynamic stretching exercises, on speed during vaulting in gymnastics. Eleven boys were asked to perform three different protocols consisting of warm-up, warm-up and static stretching and warm-up and dynamic stretching, on three nonconsecutive days. Each protocol was followed by a “handspring” vault. One-way analysis of variance for repeated-measures showed a significant difference in gymnasts’ speed, following the different protocols. Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed that gymnasts mean speed during the run of vault was significantly decreased after the application of the static stretching protocol. The findings of the present study indicate the inhibitory role of an acute static stretching in running speed in young gymnasts.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF INSPIRATORY MUSCLE WARM-UP EXERCISE ON FIELD HOCKEY DRAG-FLICK AND SHOOTING PERFORMANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahsen Avci ◽  
Mustafa Özdal ◽  
Mehmet Vural
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Exercise ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of inspiratory muscle exercise on drag-flick and shooting performance in hockey. For this purpose, 30 individuals engaged in hockey sports participated in the study as an experimental group. The subjects were applied three inspiratory muscle warm-up exercises (maximal inspiratory pressure, MIP): at 5% intensity (placebo) and 40% intensity (RWU), with 30 breaths x 2 sets and 1 minute rest between sets, first without warming up. After each test, 20 shots drag-flick and 20 shots were performed at the hockey goal, whose scoring was prepared before. The data obtained were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 program. After testing for normality and homogeneity, one-way analysis of variance and LSD correction were performed for repeated measurements. According to the one-way analysis of variance test in repeated measurements; in the drag-flick performance test, a significant difference in favor of the RWU application was observed between the RWU application and placebo and no warming applications (p <0.05). In the shooting performance test, there was a significant difference between RWU application and placebo and no warm-up applications in favor of RWU application (p <0.05). In the drag-flick performance test, when the change of the fatigue scores of the subjects between the applications was examined; there was a significant difference in favor of RWU application (p <0.05). Fatigue was found to be less in RWU application. When the change of fatigue scores between applications in the shooting performance test was examined; there was a significant difference between RWU application and placebo and no warming applications in favor of RWU application (p <0.05). Fatigue was found to be less in RWU application. As a result, it can be said that inspiratory muscle exercise has a positive effect on drag-flick and shooting performance in hockey. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0776/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Acute respiratory flow restriction affects average power, but not heart rate and subjective perceived exertion in healthy women

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rousseau Silva da Veiga ◽  
Camila Borges Müller ◽  
Gustavo Dias Ferreira ◽  
Eraldo dos Santos Pinheiro ◽  
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Respiratory Flow ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT This study aims to verify the effect of the restriction of the ventilatory flow on HR, RPE, and power during HIT-test performed by healthy women. The participants (n=8) underwent HIT-test without and with ventilatory flow restriction. HR, power, and RPE was measured. HRpost showed no significant difference between conditions (p=0,053). The average power presented higher values in the condition without the restriction of ventilatory flow (619,51±144,33W; 565,99±108,43W; p=0,001), but without differences in the fatigue index (p=0,383). In both conditions, increases in RPE were observed during the efforts (p<0,001). It is concluded that HR and RPE did not suffer acute effects from the restriction of ventilatory flow; however, the average power is decreased during HIT-test.

scholarly journals The acute effects of baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata) on satiety in healthy adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Garvey ◽  
Miriam Clegg ◽  
Shelly Coe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Analogue Scales ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background: The baobab fruit is high in both dietary fibre and polyphenols and therefore may increase satiety. The aim of the study was to measure the effects of baobab fruit extract on satiety. Methods: The study was conducted on 20 healthy participants. The study was a one-day single-blind crossover design. Participants were randomised to either a test smoothie consisting of 15 g of baobab extract or a control smoothie without the addition of baobab. Subjective ratings of satiety were taken on visual analogue scales immediately pre-consumption and then post-consumption, and energy intake at a post ad libitum meal was recorded. Results: Subjective measures of hunger were reduced following the test smoothie compared with the control ( p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in calorie intake at an ad libitum meal. Conclusions: This research has positive implications for the use of baobab for reducing hunger, possibly having a positive effect on weight maintenance.

scholarly journals The effects of a postactivation potentiation warm-up on subsequent sprint performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad E. Smith ◽  
James C. Hannon ◽  
Brian McGladrey ◽  
Barry Shultz ◽  
Patricia Eisenman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Kinematics Analysis ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Mixed Anova ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect

AbstractPurpose. Many strength and conditioning professionals propose that postactivation potentiation (PAP) warm-ups enhance power performance although there are few studies conducted in this regard on sprinting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a PAP warm-up on sprint performance. Methods. Twenty-four men and women completed a 40-yard (yd) sprint pretest on four nonconsecutive days followed by a PAP warm-up that included a sled resistance sprint at either 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% of their body mass and concluded with a 40-yd dash posttest. Each resistance sprint was recorded for kinematic analysis. Results. A 2 × 2 × 4 factorial mixed ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between sexes in 40-yd dash times (p < 0.001). A significant main effect was found in pre- and post-40-yd dash measures regardless of sex (p < 0.001). The results indicated no significant differences in the post-40-yd dash times between sled loads and the load by time interaction. The participants’ 40-yd dash times improved 1.2% on average after the 10% load. Improvements in dash time for the 0%, 20%, and 30% loads were greater than 2%. Sprint kinematics analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences between lighter and heavier loads. Conclusions. Regardless of the significant disruptions in sprint mechanics, there appears to be a potential for heavier sled resistances to affect acute improvements in 40-yd sprint performance. However, it is unclear whether heavier sleds loads may provide greater benefit than warming up with 0% resistance.

scholarly journals The acute effects of a dynamic warm-up including hip mobility exercises on sprint, agility and vertical jump performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Onat Cetin ◽  
Ozkan Isik
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a dynamic warm-up including hip mobility exercises on sprint, agility and vertical jump performance. Twenty well trained male collegiate athletes (age = 20 ± 1.1 years; height = 178.3 ± 8.8 m; body weight = 72 ± 5.6 kg) volunteered for the study. All subjects completed two individual testing sessions on two non-consecutive days. On the first trial day, after 15 minutes of a simple dynamic warm-up, 30-m sprint test, Illinois agility test and countermovement jump test were performed at the control condition. On the second trial day addition to dynamic warm-up, subjects performed 6 hip mobility (6 min) exercises before tests. A paired samples t-test revealed a significant difference (p = 0.013) on sprint performance when comparing simple dynamic warm-up with a dynamic warm-up including hip mobility exercises. But no significant difference was found for agility (p = 0.071) and jump performances (p = 0.823). It can, therefore, be concluded that has a significant effect on sprinting performance whereas it has no significant effect on agility and vertical jump performance.

scholarly journals Acute effects of aerobic running on blood pressure In young normotens adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wollner Materko ◽  
Alex Lima Brito ◽  
Dilson Rodrigues Belfort
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T

The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of blood pressure induced by moderate intensity aerobic exercise in young adults. Thirty-one individuals (18 women and 13 men) were submitted an anthropometric evaluation and a 40-min running protocol between 60% and 70% of the reserve heart rate. Hemodynamic measurements, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were carried out before and after the running protocol through Student's t-test for the dependent variables. All tests assumed α = 0.05. Significant differences were recorded between SBP before (127.1 ± 11.5 mmHg) and after (119.9 ± 10.2 mmHg) the running protocol. The results showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure, which resulted in a mean difference of -7.2 ± 6.2 mmHg, demonstrating a significant difference (p = 0.00001). However, in the DBP before (73.6 ± 8.6 mmHg) and after (72.5 ± 7.8 mmHg) no showing a significant difference (p = 0.36) as an acute effect on the decrease the running protocol. In conclusion, that moderate intensity and long duration running exercise can be aided in the non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension and as an improvement in cardiovascular health.

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