Biomedical Research Must Change — But a Shift Toward Human-specific Research Methods Is Only Part of What Is Needed

2021 ◽  
pp. 026119292110304
Author(s):  
Jarrod Bailey
2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. PMC.S496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W Mueller ◽  
Peter Bayer

The parvulin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 is subject of intense biochemical and clinical research as it seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of certain cancers and protein folding illnesses like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In addition to Pin1, the human genome only contains a single other parvulin locus encoding two protein species–-Par14 and Par17. Much less is known about these enzymes although their sequences are highly conserved in all metazoans. Parvulin has been proposed to function as Pin1 complementing enzyme in cell cycle regulation and in chromatin remodelling. Pharmaceutical modulation of Par14 might therefore have benefits for certain types of cancer. Moreover, the Par17 protein that has been shown to be confined to anthropoid primate species only might provide a deeper understanding for human-specific brain development. This review aims at stimulating further research on Par14 and Par17 that are overlooked drug targets in the shadow of an overwhelming plethora of Pin1 literature by summarising all current knowledge on these parvulin proteins.


2019 ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Tatiana N.  Fedulenkova ◽  

The article considers the issue of variability of phraseological units (PU) component structure including the functionally leading component get and representing, according to A. V. Kunin’s classification, two most widespread three-component structural patterns, i.e. (1) V + (d) + N + Prep + θ and (2) V + (d) + Adj + N. Despite its crucial role, this segment has not been the focus of a complex study creating a lacuna in English phraseology, therefore there is a need for structural analysis of its patterns. A number of both poliparadigmal and specific research methods, including the method of the componential and quantitative analysis and dictionary definitions, were applied in this study. As a result, both simple and complex phraseological variants in each of the two structural patterns were found. Phraseologisms of the first pattern were subjected to variability in 91% of occurrences, phraseologisms of the second pattern were subjected to variability in 81% of occurrences...


2020 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
A. Krylov

Biomedical research on the basis of medical institutions with the appropriate accreditation for this type of activity is gaining momentum from year to year. To plan research work, the doctor must know the basics of statistical research methods in order to correctly form groups of patients and control, periods, analysis of the results.


Neurosurgery ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (CN_suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 106-120
Author(s):  
Walton L. Jones

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 349-350
Author(s):  
L. Gedda ◽  
M. Milani-Comparetti

The Mendel Institute in Rome houses a Twin Register that was initiated by the senior author even before the opening of the Institute (September 1953).The purpose of the Twin Register, originally limited to research on twin concordances as to blood glutathione levels (a subject that is still under investigation, as shown by the report presented at this Symposium by Gedda and Tatarelli), was gradually widened to cover the full horizon of twin studies.The realization that the twin method, in its various formulations, is irreplaceable in most areas of biomedical research, led to the decision to include in the Register each and every contactable twin pair; wide use of mass media was made for recruitment purposes.Recruitment generally occurred at very early ages, and all pairs are constantly followed. Formerly, definite zygosity determinations were obtained only for those pairs that were selected for specific research purposes. Zygosity determinations are currently being extended to all those pairs who come to the Institute's clinics, within the limits of the available budget (it should be noted that the Institute is a private foundation which provides free medical care to any twin. Lack of capital funds forces the Institute to limit its research activities to those for which grants are obtained).


2020 ◽  
pp. 136078042097212
Author(s):  
Joanna Mizielińska ◽  
Agata Stasińska

In the article, we discuss the usage of multi-methods qualitative approach in family research drawing on the monthly team ethnographic study of 21 non-heterosexual families in Poland. This study was employed as a part of a larger multi and mixed-method project Families of Choice in Poland, where we implemented a frame story approach ( FSA). By using the ethnographic study as an example, we aim to demonstrate how our approach enabled us to capture hidden elements of family practises and to understand challenges which non-heterosexual families face in contemporary Poland. Moreover, we show how our methodological decisions were in line with the local socio-political context where specific research methods may be more effective due to their less disclosing character. Finally, we provide a fieldwork illustration of our arguments which demonstrates how our methodological and analytical choices resulted in producing nuanced perspectives on issues of the hierarchy of motherhood and kin relations.


Author(s):  
Josef Botlík

Regional sciences are based on specific research methods, taking into account the analyzed factors and regional breakdown. In most cases, the analyzes fail to take into account the links between the analyzed factors and the geopolitical location of the region. The work presents the possibilities of analysis using precedent modeling, through which analyzes can be performed with respect to geographical links. The aim of our research was to demonstrate the suitability of implementing a precedent model for predicting the development of an increase in Covid positive cases at the level of Czech municipalities. The precedent analysis enables the simplification of a part of the mathematical analytical apparatus into a binary form. The data are presented in a selected time interval limited by the closure of districts at the level of municipalities with extended powers (MEP). The research is based on the research question of whether it can be effectively evaluated using a precedent model of regional disparity. The basic method of research is precedent analysis and subsequent mathematical and statistical analysis, especially the determination of guidelines for the development of precedents at weekly intervals. The result of the presented part of the research is a summary of the MEP according to the potential of the Covid threat. The structure mapping in the presented model identified MEP groups, which are local extremes of the observed values. Thus, municipalities that are potential sources of Covid virus infection and municipalities that are potential sites endangered by the virus were identified.


GYMNASIUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol XXI (1 (Supplement)) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Liliana Nanu

The present paper proposes a number of objectives which it intends to fulfill: the spread of information aimed at children in primary school about the benefits of physical activity; thegauging of children’s physical capabilities through the use of several controlled tests; the selection, elaboration and application of specific research methods tailored to the ageparticularities of children in primary school (10-11 year olds); analysis and interpretation of the gathered data. Between the initial and final testing, after applying the methods of choice,notable progress towards the completion of the physical tests has been registered, the main conclusion being that these tests can be successfully used for the purpose of the development of children’s physical capabilities, as well as their cognitive and emotional intelligence.


Author(s):  
Emma Pleeging ◽  
Job van Exel ◽  
Martijn Burger

AbstractWhat we hope for has a large impact on how we feel and behave. Research on the determinants and effects of a hopeful disposition is increasing in several academic fields, such as psychology, nursing and organizational studies. However, how hope is defined differs significantly between disciplines, leading to fragmentation in the insights that we can draw from this research. This systematic review aims to provide an extensive overview of the ascribed characteristics of the concept of hope in ten different academic fields. Using phenomenographic research methods, these characterizations are collected and categorized to offer a comprehensive conceptual framework of hope. The resulting framework comprises 7 themes and 41 sub-themes. We show how this framework can be used to obtain a fuller understanding of the concept of hope and of possible blind spots within specific research fields.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-569
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Zhilina

The theatre magazine Artist has repeatedly become an object of scientific research. However, despite the wealth of works with a focus on structure of the magazine, the bibliographic section of Artist remains insufficiently studied. The bibliographic information of the journal has not yet become an object of subject-specific research. The empirical basis of the study is a complete set of publications of the theater magazine Artist for the entire period of its existence. Primary attention is paid to the bibliographic section of the journal and the appendix. Research methods are theoretical and historical analysis, generalization and systematization of the results obtained. In the proposed article, the author describes and comprehends the main forms of latent bibliographic information in the theatrical magazine Artist, first of all, the independent section Bibliography. The study defines main thematic areas of the section, its structure and main genres. The author also analyzes the types of bibliographic advertising in the journal: alphabetical directories of plays allowed to be performed, index of plays suitable for amateur shows, announcements on subscription from magazine editors, advertising of new books, ads for subscriptions to other print media. The author comes to the conclusion that along with educational intentions, the magazine staff solved specific selling tasks (sale of the magazine and books distributed through the publishers office). The latent bibliographic information of Artist can be useful for specialists interested in history of literature, journalism and theatre.


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