Application of the Ames Genotoxicity Assay and the Bioluminescent Toxicity Assay in the Testing of Urine Samples

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reet Pruul ◽  
Hubert Kahn ◽  
Anne Kahru
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Urinary Mutagenicity ◽  
Student’S T Test

Urine samples from ski factory, shoe factory and kindergarten workers were analysed using the Ames genotoxicity assay and Biotox™ toxicity test (BioOrbit, Turku, Finland), to screen the occupational exposure of these people to mutagenic and toxic chemicals. Different strains of Salmonella typhimurium were used for the screening of different groups. The assay was performed without S9 mix, i.e. directly acting mutagens were tested. The ski factory workers were grouped according to their specific tasks (compressors and polishers). The urinary mutagenicity of compressors analysed using Salmonella strain TA98 was significantly higher than the urinary mutagenicity of polishers (p < 0.05, Student's t test). In the case of Salmonella strains YG1021 and YG1024, the urinary mutagenicity of shoe factory workers was significantly lower than the urinary mutagenicity of the control group, i.e. the occupational exposure either had no effect or it could not be detected under the experimental conditions used. The Ames mutagenicity test, and the Biotox™ toxicity test, yielded analogous patterns in the case of all groups of people analysed: the higher average mutagenicity was always accompanied by higher average toxicity.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM URIC ACID AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaslima Nandhini Js ◽  
Savitha Basker G ◽  
Vishnupriya V
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disease condition characterized by truncal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated blood pressure, and insulin resistance. An excessive circulating uric acid (UA) level even within normal range is always comorbid with metabolic syndrome and its components. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and serum UA level.Methods: A total of 60 subjects were divided into two groups of healthy (30 individuals) and metabolic syndrome patients (30 individuals) from dental outpatient department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. 5 ml of fasting venous blood was collected in the plain collection tubes and centrifuged, and then serum was separated. Then, the serum was used to analyze the fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides (TGLs), and serum UA by GOD-POD, enzymatic colorimetric, and uricase method, respectively. A statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Result: Mean body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), TGL, and UA level of control group were 23.36±1.81, 84.45±13.1, 110.9±22.6, and 3.48±1.21 respectively. Mean BMI, FBS, TGL, and UA level of study group were 35.24±3.04, 122.85±23.3, 212.1±39.6 and 9.08±2.63 respectively. There is a significant difference between these two groups with p<0.0001.Conclusion: This study showed that those individuals with metabolic syndrome have higher UA level that indicates hyperuricemia which is a significant predictor of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Intravesical prostaglandin e2 effectiveness in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubo-cervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny: a prospective randomized clinical trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. QUADRI ◽  
N. NATALE ◽  
C. SPREAFICO ◽  
C. BELLONI ◽  
D. BARISANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Intravesical prostaglandin E2 is effective in the recovery of spontaneous voiding after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of intravesical prostaglandin E2 in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. STUDY DESIGN: From November 1996 to June 1999 fifty women underwent the Lahodny procedure for moderate/severe cystocele and stress urinary incontinence. Women were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 study groups: intravesical prostaglandin E2 versus controls. Data obtained were analyzed with the Student t test and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Two patients of the treatment group had to be excluded from the study, one because of the wrong measurement of the post-voidal residual volume and another due to a fastidious burning sensation which appeared immediately after prostaglandin instillation and required the suspension of the treatment. No other side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or hyperthermia were observed. Patients who underwent the prostaglandin E2 treatment showed a recovery of spontaneous voiding after 7.9&plusmn;6.7 days, whereas this interval was significantly longer in the control group, being 12.9&plusmn;9.7 days (p=0.04, Two tailed Unpaired Student's T test). CONCLUSION: The effectiveness and the low associated morbidity mark the treatment with intravesical prostaglandin E2 useful in the recovery of normal voiding after transvaginal pubocervical fascia reconstruction and short arm sling with the procedure according to Lahodny.

scholarly journals Study of Relationship of Anemia among Edentulous Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Lijo Isaac ◽  
A. P. Nirmal Raj ◽  
Reshma Karkera ◽  
R Naveen Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
T Test ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Student’S T Test

Very little studies were done on relationship of the dental status and the nutritional status. The present study was done to study relation between edentulism and the presence of anemia. The study was included of 46 adult patients with edentulism and same numbers of patients were taken as controls. The results were tabulated and analyzed with the help of IBM SPSS statistics 20 using student’s t test. The hemoglobin levels were lower in the edentulous patients that that of the control group. The present study had shown that the nutritional status were poor resulting in anemia in case of edentulous patients as compared to control group with the same age group.  

scholarly journals ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF EPIDURAL MORPHINE AND CLONIDINEIN PATIENTS UNDERGOING DECOMPRESSION OF THE LUMBAR CANAL: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
BRUNO RONCAGLIO ◽  
RAPHAEL FERNANDES CALHAU ◽  
CHARBEL JACOB JÚNIOR ◽  
IGOR MACHADO CARDOSO ◽  
JOSÉ LUCAS BATISTA JÚNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Morphine ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lumbar Arthrodesis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy in patients undergoing lumbar canal decompression using epidural morphine and clonidine at the Hospital Santa Casa de Vitória - ES, Brazil. Methods: Prospective, randomized study of 60 patients with stenosis of the lumbar canal up to two levels with surgical indication, in which decompression of the canal was performed in association with lumbar arthrodesis. In group 1 we performed conventional postoperative analgesia and in group 2, in addition to conventional analgesia, we associated epidural morphine and clonidine. We used VAS as a means of analyzing pain intensity at 1, 12, and 36 hours after surgery. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office/Excel and the software GraphPad Prism (San Diego, CA, USA). Results: The mean age of patients was 47 years, and 52% were female. The mean VAS in the first hour, 12th, and 36th hours after surgery in the control group was 5.44, 2.13, and 0.55 respectively. In the morphine-clonidine group it was 6.96; 2.21 and 0.60. Comparing one group with another in its absolute values through the Mann-Whitney test, as well as comparing the pain variations between the 1st and 12th hour (1h X 12h) and between the 12th hour and 36th hour (12h x 36h ) through Student’s t test it became clear that there was no statistical difference between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The addition of epidural morphine and clonidine to conventional analgesia is not beneficial to reduce postoperative pain in patients undergoing lumbar canal decompression.

scholarly journals Effects of early unilateral mandibular first molar extraction on condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koray Halicioglu ◽  
Mevlut Celikoglu ◽  
Suleyman K. Buyuk ◽  
Ahmet E. Sekerci ◽  
Celal Candirli
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Anterior Crowding ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Group I ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Mandibular First Molar ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the following study is to investigate the mandibular vertical asymmetry in a group of patients with early unilateral mandibular first molar extractions. Materials and Methods: Mandibular asymmetry index measurements (condylar, ramal and condylar-plus-ramal) were performed on the panoramic radiographs of a study group including 51 patients (mean age: 18.60 ± 1.11 years) and a control group of 51 patients (mean age: 18.53 ± 1.29 years). Group I included patients with a unilateral mandibular first molar extracted before the age of 12 years. Group II included patients with no extractions and had excellent Class I relationships, no missing teeth and slight or moderate anterior crowding. A paired t-test was used to determine possible statistically significant differences between the sides for the measurements. Student's t-test was used for the comparison of asymmetry index values between the groups and genders. Results: No group showed statistically significant sex-or side-specific differences for posterior vertical height measurements. Condylar asymmetry index and ramal asymmetry index measurements were not statistically different between the groups, while condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry index (CRAI) measurements were statistically different between the groups (P = 0.019). Conclusions: A slight difference for CRAI value was found in patients with early unilateral mandibular first molar extractions.

18 EMBRYO AGGREGATION IN PIG IMPROVES CLONING EFFICIENCY AND EMBRYO QUALITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
C. Buemo ◽  
A. Gambini ◽  
L. Moro ◽  
R. F. Y. Martin ◽  
D. Salamone
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reconstructed Embryo ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

In this study, we analysed the effects of the cloned embryo aggregation on in vitro embryo development and embryo quality by measuring blastocyst size and cell number, DNA fragmentation levels by TUNEL assay, and the relative expression of genes associated with pluripotency, apoptosis, trophoblast markers, and DNA methylation in the porcine. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were recovered from slaughterhouse ovaries by follicular aspiration. Maturation was performed in TCM for 42 to 48 h at 39°C and 5% CO2. After denudation by treatment with hyaluronidase, mature oocytes were stripped of the zona pellucida using a protease and then enucleated by micromanipulation; staining was performed with Hoëchst 33342 to observe metaphase II. Ooplasms were placed in phytohemagglutinin to permit different membranes to adhere between each other; the ooplasm membrane was adhered to a porcine fetal fibroblast from an in vitro culture. Adhered membranes of the donor cell nucleus and enucleated oocyte cytoplasm were electrofused through the use of an electric pulse (80 V for 30 μs). All reconstituted embryos were electrically activated using an electroporator in activation medium (0.3 M mannitol, 1.0 mM CaCl2, 0.1 mM MgCl2, and 0.01% polyvinyl alcohol) by a DC pulse of 1.2 kVcm for 80 μs. Then, embryos were incubated in 2 mM 6-DMAP for 3 h. In vitro culture of zona-free embryos was achieved in a well of wells system in 100 μL of SOF medium. Two experimental groups were used, one control group with a single reconstructed embryo per microwell (1×) and the other group placing 3 reconstructed embryo per microwell (3x aggregation group). Embryos were cultivated at 39°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2 for 7 days in SOF medium with a supplement of 10% fetal bovine serum on the fifth day. At Day 7, resulting blastocysts were classified according to their morphology and diameter to determine their quality. Our results showed that aggregation of 3× embryos increased blastocyst formation rate and blastocyst size of pig cloned embryos (Fisher’s test P < 0.05 and Student’s t-test P < 0.05, respectively). The DNA fragmentation levels in 3× aggregated cloned blastocysts were significantly decreased compared to 1x blastocyst (Student’s t-test P < 0.05). Levels of Oct4, Klf4, Igf2, Bax, and Dnmt1 transcripts were significantly higher in aggregated embryos, whereas Nanog levels were not affected. Transcripts of Cdx2 and Bcl-xl were essentially nondetectable (Student’s t-test P < 0.05). Our study suggests that embryo aggregation in the porcine may be beneficial for cloned embryo development and embryo quality, through a reduction in apoptotic levels and an improvement in cell reprogramming.

26 Drugs that Modify Epigenetics...What do they do to Porcine Clones?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
C. P. Buemo ◽  
A. Gambini ◽  
L. N. Moro ◽  
N. Canel ◽  
D. F. Salamone
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Although somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology was developed more than 20 years ago, cloning efficiency remains low. Failures in the reprogramming of the donor cell result in embryos with aberrant epigenetic patterns and low developmental rates. In this study, we assessed whether the use the inhibitor of DNA (cytosine 5) methyltransferase 5-azacitidine (5Aza) combined with the MEK inhibitor in the MAPK pathway PD0325901 (PD) could improve SCNT efficiency in pigs. In vitro maturation of cumulus–oocyte complexes was performed in TCM for 44 h at 39°C under 5% CO2. Cumulus cells and zona pellucida was removed from matured oocytes, followed by enucleation of the metaphase plate previously stained with Hoëchst 33342. Each enucleated oocyte was attached to a donor cell by phytohemagglutinin treatment followed by an electric pulse of 80V for 30 μs. After fusion, reconstituted embryos were activated by an electric pulse followed by an incubation in 2 mM 6-DMAP for 3 h. Cloned embryos were cultured in vitro in a modified well-of-well system in SOF medium, where 3 cloned embryos were placed per microwell (3X). The experimental group 3X + drugs was exposed for the first 3 days to 1 μM PD and 1 μM 5Aza in SOF medium. After washing, embryos were cultured until Day 7 in regular SOF medium. The control group (3X) was cultured in regular SOF medium for 7 days. In vitro embryo developmental rates, gene expression, histone acetylation, and DNA methylation status were studied. The use of epigenetic modifying drugs significantly increased blastocyst rates (40.9% v. 29%; Fisher’s test, P < 0.05) and embryo size (41.46% v. 28.56%; Student’s t-test, P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Regarding gene expression, an increase of the relative expression of genes related to cell differentiation (Igf2 and Cdx2), antiapoptotic pathways (Bcl-xl) and DNA methylation modulation (Mapk1) was observed (P < 0.05). Pluripotency genes Oct4 and Nanog did not show differences between groups. The Bax proapoptotic gene significantly decreased its expression after drug treatment, as did the Klf4 gene (P < 0.05). Results were analysed by Student’s t-test. According to Histone H3K27ac, which is associated with enhancers or gene promoters, its marker was located mainly in the nuclear periphery respect to the control group with a uniform dispersion, indicating that the treatment could be activating certain genes by locating them near the periphery. Histone H3K4me1 was more uniformly localised throughout the nucleus in both groups. The intensity of the fluorescence was measured by quantitative confocal microscopy using a histogram produced by the ImageJ program (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Regarding DNA methylation by bisulphite sequencing, the 2 genes studied (Oct4 and DNMT1) showed a higher demethylation status for the treated group. Our results indicate that the combination of 5Aza+PD during early pre-implantation development dramatically increase blastocyst rates and embryo quality. This novel combination could be used as a strategy to improve the efficiency of SCNT in pigs and potentially other animals.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on the Anxiety of Candidates for Cataract Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Maryam Keramati, MD ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Sargolzaei, MSc ◽  
Ali Moghadasi ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad, MSc ◽  
Reza Mohammadpourhodki
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Dependent Samples ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Back Massage

Background: The patients under cataract sur-gery often experience anxiety not only during the surgery, but also prior to the surgery.Purpose: We sought to determine the effects of slow-stroke back massage on anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Setting: The study was conducted in the Amiral-momenin Hospital of Zabol city, south-east of Iran.Participants: A total of 60 candidates of cataract surgery participated in the study.Research Design: The participants were ran-domly allocated to either control or intervention groups. The intervention group received slow-stroke back massages, while patients in control group received routine interventions.Intervention: The slow-stroke back massage was performed on the patients assigned to the interven-tion group. The intervention was performed in the morning of the surgery day at 30 minutes before the surgery. The researcher performed each mas-sage session in a sitting position. The duration of each massage session was 15 minutes. Main Outcome Measures: Anxiety was assessed in the both groups in the morning of the surgery, before and immediately after the intervention. In-dependent samples Student’s t test, paired samples Student’s t test, and chi-squared test were used to analyze the data.Results: Anxiety was not significantly different between the two groups before and after the mas-sage (p = .816). On the other hand, paired samples Student’s t test showed a significant difference comparing the anxiety scores before (49.7±5.43) and after (45.16±3.89) the massage in the interven-tion group (p < .001). Conclusions: Based on our results, slow-stroke back massage, which is a low-cost and safe method, reduced anxiety in patients who were candidates for cataract surgery.

scholarly journals Prevalence of fatigue reported by physiotherapists operating diathermy equipment for microwave

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Anguera ◽  
Reinaldo José Gianini
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Microwave Diathermy ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: To Analyze the association between prevalence of fatigue referred by physical therapists and their occupational exposure to radiation emitted by therapeutic microwave diathermy equipment. Methods: A Cross-sectional study conducted in 193 physical therapists from four cities of the west of Paraná State, Brazil. A specified structured web questionnaire was applied for collecting data about microwave diathermy exposition and potential confounders, plus the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF). Statistical analysis included logistic regression and Student's t-test. Results: The prevalence of fatigue in the category exposed to microwave diathermy was higher (15.0%) than in non-exposed (2.9%). On multivariate logistic regression, a significant independent association between exposure to microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue was observed (odds ratio 4.93; 95% confidence interval 1.04 - 23.25; p = 0.04). The Student's t-test showed significant difference between the number of hours exposed to diathermy microwave, being 3,839.1 within physical therapists who referred fatigue and 497.6 within others (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The results demonstrate a significant and independent association between occupational exposure of physical therapists to radiation of microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue. Therefore, occupational safety guidelines aimed at these professionals as a prevention of possible adverse effects, as well as the replication of this study are suggested.

Metabolomic Heterogeneity of Urogenital Tract Cancers Analyzed by Complementary Chromatographic Techniques Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlette Yumba-Mpanga ◽  
Wiktoria Struck-Lewicka ◽  
Renata Wawrzyniak ◽  
Marcin Markuszewski ◽  
Marek Roslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tract Cancer ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Cancer Studies ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: In regard to urogenital tract cancer studies, an estimated 340,650 new cases and 58,360 deaths from genital system cancer and about 141,140 new cases and 29330 deaths from urinary system were projected to occur in the United States in 2012. The main drawbacks of currently available diagnostic tests constitute the low specificity, costliness and quite high invasiveness. Objective: The main goal of this pilot study was to determine and compare urine metabolic fingerprints in urogenital tract cancer patients and healthy controls. Method: A comparative analysis of the metabolic profile of urine from 30 patients with cancer of the genitourinary system (bladder (n=10), kidney (n=10) and prostate (n=10)) and 30 healthy volunteers as a control group was provided by LC-TOF/MS and GCQqQ/ MS. The data analysis was performed by the use of U-Mann Whitney test or Student’s t-test, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Results: As a result, 33, 43, and 22 compounds were identified as statistically significant in bladder, prostate and kidney cancer, respectively, compared to healthy groups. Conclusion: Diverse compounds such as purine, sugars, amino acids, nucleosides, organic acids which play a role in purine metabolism, in tricarboxylic acid cycle, in amino acid metabolism or in gut microbiota metabolism were identified. Only two metabolites namely glucocaffeic acid and lactic acid were found to be in common in studied three types of cancer.

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