scholarly journals Entrepreneurial thinking and action in opportunity development: A conceptual process model

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Tommy Høyvarde Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Lateral Translation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This article develops a conceptual process model of how founders develop entrepreneurial ideas into opportunities. Drawing on translation theory, I conceptualise opportunity development as a process of translation between three interlinked but distinct entities over time: ostensive ideas (abstract entrepreneurial ideas), performative ideas (context-specific entrepreneurial ideas) and venture offerings. Whereas ostensive and performative ideas reside in the realm of conceptual and entrepreneurial thinking, venture offerings reside in actual business worlds and entrepreneurial action. The model identifies learning about the abstract nature of the entrepreneurial idea itself (ostensive) through lateral translation and abstraction and separates this from developing a concrete manifestation of the idea in time and space (performative) through vertical translation and concretisation. This is different from the venture offering, which is a specific empirical translation of the performative idea. Entrepreneurs receive feedback about the viability of the venture offering from social interaction that influence further opportunity development. The model portrays opportunity development as a triple-looped process driven by distinct types of translation, lateral, vertical and empirical. It clarifies the relationship between entrepreneurial ideas and entrepreneurial opportunities and maps the role of thinking and action in this regard.

RE-CONTEXTUALIZING OPPORTUNITY AS ARTIFACT SIGNALLING FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150021
Author(s):  
DAVID LEONG
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Signalling Theory ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Over Time

In exploring entrepreneurial action as a response to opportunities, this paper uses signalling theory to provide new insights as the entrepreneur moves from perception to recognition to enactment. We adopt a dynamic approach to how entrepreneurs perceive opportunities and form initial opportunity beliefs, recognizing that, over time, beliefs change. The perceived potentialities from the signals arising from opportunities also change. Strength of the initial opportunity beliefs, morph-ability of opportunities, frequency of opportunity appearances, multiple interpretations of opportunity, latency of opportunity, observability (intensity, visibility, strength and clarity), distortions of opportunity and false opportunity are topics that are not sufficiently addressed in research on entrepreneurial opportunities. We argue that the signalling effects open new avenues of inquiry related to the central role of opportunity in the entrepreneurial process. Instead of seeing opportunity from either the discovery or creation approaches, opportunity should be viewed as an artifact with embedded perceived potentialities. Implications are drawn for the developmental context.

Mediating Effect of WhatsApp Addiction Between Social Loneliness and Preference for Online Social Interaction: A Cross-cultural Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110556
Author(s):  
Komal Nagar ◽  
Gurmeet Singh ◽  
Rabinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Online Social Interaction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Social Loneliness

The present study aims to explore the relationship between social loneliness and online interaction through WhatsApp addiction among a sample of Indian and Fijian respondents. Based on the responses of 202 Indian and 73 Fijian respondents, the present research study validated the mediating role of WhatsApp addiction, revealing that social loneliness increased the possibility of preferring to interact online through increased WhatsApp addiction. The empirical results showed that the underlying mechanism of social loneliness might indirectly influence consumers’ preference for online social interaction (POSI). The study further assessed the moderating role of culture in the association between social loneliness and POSI. Findings of the moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that, the association between loneliness and preference to socialize online differed, based on the identified cultural differences between Indian and Fijian groups.

Governing International Cooperation in Criminal Matters: The Role of the aut dedere aut judicare Principle

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Caligiuri
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Status ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The aim of the study is to ascertain how the original Grotian formula ‘aut dedere aut punire’ has been implemented and evolved in international law. The first step is to classify the multilateral conventions that have accepted an aut dedere aut judicare clause. The goal is to bring out peculiarities of the different treaty texts, describing the relationship between the two options dedere and judicare, and the different obligations that arise for the contracting states. We will then examine the content of the two options, to define the legal boundaries within which the contracting states shall or may operate. At this point, we will focus on the legal nature of the aut dedere aut judicare principle that over time may have risen to the status of customary rule. The study will conclude with analysis of reactions to the breach of the aut dedere aut judicare clause by non-complying countries.

“Until the Day of His Death”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (139) ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Henrique Espada Lima
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Human Aging ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Slave Society ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article examines postmortem inventories and notarial records from Brazilian slaveholders in southern Brazil in the nineteenth century. By discussing selected cases in detail, it investigates the relationship between “precarious masters” (especially the poor and/or disabled, widows without family, and single elderly slaveholding women and men) and their slaves and former slaves to whom they bequeathed, in their testaments and final wills, manumission and property. The article reads these documents as intergenerational contractual arrangements that connected the masters’ expectations for care in illness and old age with the slaves’ and former slaves’ expectations for compensation for their work and dedication. Following these uneven relationships of interdependence and exploitation as they developed over time, the article suggests a reassessment of the role of paternalism in Brazil during the country’s final century of slavery. More than a tool to enforce relations of domination, paternalism articulated with the dynamics of vulnerability and interdependency as they changed over the life courses of both enslaved people and slave owners. This article shows how human aging became a terrain of negotiation and struggle as Brazilian slave society transformed throughout the nineteenth century.

11. Social Capital and Civil Society

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Letki
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Change ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Civic Activism ◽  
Trust And Reciprocity ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the role of civil society and social capital in democratization processes. It begins by reconstructing the definitions of civil society and social capital in the context of political change, followed by an analysis of the ways in which civil society and social capital are functional for the initiation and consolidation of democracies. It then considers the relationship between civil society and attitudes of trust and reciprocity, the function of networks and associations in democratization, paradoxes of civil society and social capital in new democracies, and main arguments cast against the idea that civic activism and attitudes are a necessary precondition for a modern democracy. The chapter argues that civil society and social capital and their relation to political and economic institutions are context specific.

Patterns of Symptom Distress in Adults Receiving Treatment for Lung Cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Cooley ◽  
Thomas H. Short ◽  
Helene J. Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Symptom Distress ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Knowledge of the patterns of symptom distress in adults receiving treatment for lung cancer is an important first step in developing interventions that can potentially lessen symptom distress. The purposes of this secondary analysis were to describe the changes in patterns of symptom distress over time in adults receiving treatment for lung cancer, and to examine the relationship of selected demographic and clinical characteristics to symptom distress. Complete data were available for 117 patients. The patterns of symptom distress in adults receiving treatment for lung cancer varied between treatment groups and over time. Symptom distress scores were moderate to high on entry into the study, indicating that symptom management in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients is essential and should begin early in the course of illness. Moreover, clinical interventions should be tailored to the type of treatment. Various demographic and clinical variables were weak and inconsistent predictors of symptom distress, underscoring the importance of examining the role of psychosocial factors in mediating symptom distress.

Values and Political Predispositions in the Age of Polarization: Examining the Relationship between Partisanship and Ideology in the United States, 1988–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Lupton ◽  
Steven M. Smallpage ◽  
Adam M. Enders
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The correlation between ideology and partisanship in the mass public has increased in recent decades amid a climate of persistent and growing elite polarization. Given that core values shape subsequent political predispositions, as well as the demonstrated asymmetry of elite polarization, this article hypothesizes that egalitarianism and moral traditionalism moderate the relationship between ideology and partisanship in that the latter relationship will have increased over time only among individuals who maintain conservative value orientations. An analysis of pooled American National Election Studies surveys from 1988 to 2012 supports this hypothesis. The results enhance scholarly understanding of the role of core values in shaping mass belief systems and testify to the asymmetric nature and mass public reception of elite cues among liberals and conservatives.

The communicative constitution of institutional change in expression games

2020 ◽  
pp. 147612702095925
Author(s):  
Marc Krautzberger ◽  
Emamdeen Fohim ◽  
François Cooren ◽  
Thomas Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Collective Actors ◽  
Communicative Constitution ◽  
First Moment ◽  
Over Time

Neo-institutional theory has recently advanced our understanding of the early phase of institutional change but presupposes contexts in which verbally and nonverbally expressing the intended institutional change within a group is already possible. We develop a process model that explains how change agents conceal and reveal their intentional work on institutional change over time to avoid painful sanctions and counteractions. The model describes how change agents proceed from the first moment of forming the intention to promote institutional change until change is sedimented through diffused taken-for-granted behavior. It advances the understanding of how individual and collective actors communicatively influence the macro-pathways of institutional change. The model offers new insights into the very first moments of institutional change processes, the ability to change institutions, the role of ambiguity in change processes, and how change agents slowly and fundamentally change institutions.

Interpersonal Considerations and Judgements in a Day Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (539) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Ferguson ◽  
M. W. P. Carney
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Worker ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Skills ◽  
Operational Range ◽  
The Relationship

There is a body of opinion which regards psychiatrically ill individuals, or at least one great class or subdivision of them, as suffering primarily from disturbances in personal relationships and social interaction processes generally. Sullivan, Horney and Fromm have made the most significant theoretical contributions to this subject, and empirical applications have been reported by Balint (1957), Maxwell Jones (1968), Rapoport (1960) and Laing (1961). These writers have at least this in common, that they take the point of view that since the pathology of the illness lies in social relationships the fundamental treatment process must lie there also—must, in fact, consist of re-experiencing social interaction within a therapeutic re-educative framework. In the past attention has been directed principally to the doctor-patient relationship as a heuristic model of social interaction, but Rapoport has extended the operational range of significant interaction to include all staff-patient, staff-staff and patient-patient encounters. As the recent Subcommittee of the Central Health Services Council has pointed out (1968), little has been written of the nurse as therapist, but a considerable literature has accumulated concerning the role of the social worker or caseworker or counsellor (e.g. Halmos, 1965). Halmos investigates the nature of such relationships, and finds therapeutic utility to be unrelated to intellectual skills. The therapeutic process is adjudged to lie in the relationship, true enough, but the essential qualities have more to do with the interpersonal styles of the therapist, than with his analytical expertise. Such is his conclusion. Apparently social skills are necessary for the professional worker, but intellectual skills for the problems to be unravelled are of little importance, and are largely irrelevant.

scholarly journals Is psychological resilience a protective factor between motivations and excessive smartphone use?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Resilience Training ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Excessive smartphone use has recently become a topic of interest. Prior studies have suggested that psychological well-being variables and motivations are important predictors of excessive smartphone use. However, few have examined the internal mechanism of these factors in leading to excessive smartphone use. Based on Compensatory Internet Use theory, we investigated the moderating role of psychological resilience between two types of motivation — escapism and social interaction — and excessive smartphone use. Selecting 576 typical smartphone users, we found: (1) Escapism motivation and psychological resilience significantly correlate with excessive smartphone use, whereas social interaction motivation does not; (2) Psychological resilience moderates the relationship between both escapism and social interaction motivation and excessive smartphone use. Our study demonstrates the mechanism of different types of motivation and the protective effect of psychological resilience on excessive smartphone use. Thus, we emphasize resilience training that would help train people to be able to cope with life problems more effectively.

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