scholarly journals Disruption as worldview change: A Kuhnian analysis of the digital music revolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Riemer ◽  
Robert B Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Gestalt Switch

Why is it that technology-enabled industry disruptions appear entirely inevitable with hindsight, yet practitioners in disrupted businesses typically struggle to detect and respond appropriately to disruption while it is unfolding? We term this surprising contradiction ‘interpretive discontinuity’ and use it to problematize the established understanding of disruption in the literature. We suggest that the contradiction at the heart of interpretive discontinuity holds an important key to what exactly changes during disruption and why. By juxtaposing an empirical case of disruption in the music industry with theoretical resources sensitive to the nature of radical change – Thomas Kuhn’s work in the unrelated field of scientific practice – we demonstrate that it is productive to understand disruption as a Kuhnian paradigm shift. We are then able to trace interpretive discontinuity to the gestalt switch in worldview that accompanies such a paradigm shift. This insight sheds new light on both what is actually ‘disruptive’ about disruption and also on the limitations of prior work theorizing disruption. Our work is important because it adds to the literature on disruptive innovation important yet overlooked conceptual tools in Kuhn’s work – the role of exemplars, the worldview aspect of a paradigm, and paradigm incommensurability.

scholarly journals How Incumbents Manage Waves of Disruptive Innovations: An Exploratory Analysis of the Global Music Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Urbinati ◽  
Davide Chiaroni ◽  
Vittorio Chiesa ◽  
Simone Franzò ◽  
Federico Frattini
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Disruptive Innovations ◽  
Music Distribution ◽  
Music Streaming ◽  
Over Time

Innovation scholars have paid special attention on the managerial approaches that incumbents should adopt to promptly respond to the emergence of disruptive innovations. These approaches include, among the others, the use of open innovation or the establishment of ambidextrous organizations. However, this body of research has not analyzed how incumbents use these approaches over time, although they are very often confronted with waves of disruptive innovations that cyclically take place along the lifecycle of an industry. This paper looks into this issue through a historical analysis of the global music industry. For each of the three waves of disruptive innovations that have hit this industry over the last 15 years (i.e. digital music distribution, permanent digital download and music streaming), we analyze the reactions of incumbents in terms of managerial approaches they adopted to respond to the emergence of the disruptive innovation. Therefore, we develop a model suggesting how incumbents evolve over time their responses to cycles of disruptive technological changes.

scholarly journals Copyright Enforcement in the Dutch Digital Music Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerko Hadžiarapović ◽  
◽  
Marlies van Steenbergen ◽  
Pascal Ravesteijn ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Collective Management ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
Copyright Enforcement

There is a lack of interest and empirical analysis in the existing literature on composers’ relations with their publishers and the role of Collective Management Organizations (CMOs) within the system of music copyright. The purpose of this paper is to explore and understand the influence of digitization within the music industry on the copyright enforcement in the Netherlands and on rights holders and the CMOs. Also to explore and understand how their mutual relationships are affected by digitization of the music industry. A qualitative analysis was done by reviewing scientific literature, performing a documents analysis and doing open interviews. In the existing economics of copyright literature, the main focus is set on transaction costs, efficiency and welfare topics. The findings can be used to understand and model how rights holders and CMOs cope with the digitization and contribute to the policy makers and economic actor’s discussion about future improvement of the copyright enforcement system.

Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

E-Projects Challenges in India – Role of Human Resource Management and Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Ramnik Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Approaches

E-governance is a paradigm shift over the traditional approaches in Public Administration which means rendering of government services and information to the public by using electronic means. In the past decades, service quality and responsiveness of the government towards the citizens were least important but with the approach of E-Government the government activities are now well dealt. This paper withdraws experiences from various studies from different countries and projects facing similar challenges which need to be consigned for the successful implementation of e-governance projects. Developing countries like India face poverty and illiteracy as a major obstacle in any form of development which makes it difficult for its government to provide e-services to its people conveniently and fast. It also suggests few suggestions to cope up with the challenges faced while implementing e-projects in India.

Sa’Unine String Orchestra, Orkes Geseknya Indonesia

Panggung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranti - Rachmawanti
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
String Orchestra ◽  
Characteristic Func ◽  
Orchestra Music ◽  
Research Show ◽  
Func Tion

ABSTRACT This article explains the result of Sa’Unine String Orchestra as one of Indonesian orchestras in popular culture. Main idea of this research is to uncover and describe the characteristic, func- tion, and role of Sa’Unine String Orchestra within the popular culture in Indonesia. This research used qualitative method with ethnographical approaches to identify all facts that discovered during research. The conclusions of this research show that Sa’Unine String Orchestra moves in two ways, there are; the idealism which had a vision to create a real Indonesian string orchestra and a part of music industry. At the end, these two ways are connected to each other because of the earnings of those. Music industry becomes a support factor which create the idealism of Sa’Unine String Or- chestra to be an Indonesian String Orchestra. Keywords: String Orchestra, Music, Popular Culture. 

scholarly journals Can Blockchain Strengthen the Energy Internet?

Network ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
Charithri Yapa ◽  
Chamitha de Alwis ◽  
Madhusanka Liyanage
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Energy Internet ◽  
Energy Delivery ◽  
Electricity Grids

Emergence of the Energy Internet (EI) demands restructuring of traditional electricity grids to integrate heterogeneous energy sources, distribution network management with grid intelligence and big data management. This paradigm shift is considered to be a breakthrough in the energy industry towards facilitating autonomous and decentralized grid operations while maximizing the utilization of Distributed Generation (DG). Blockchain has been identified as a disruptive technology enabler for the realization of EI to facilitate reliable, self-operated energy delivery. In this paper, we highlight six key directions towards utilizing blockchain capabilities to realize the envisaged EI. We elaborate the challenges in each direction and highlight the role of blockchain in addressing them. Furthermore, we summarize the future research directive in achieving fully autonomous and decentralized electricity distribution networks, which will be known as Energy Internet.

scholarly journals Herring and ICES: a historical sketch of a few ideas and their linkages

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1652-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Population Thinking ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Historical Sketch

Abstract Sinclair, M. 2009. Herring and ICES: a historical sketch of a few ideas and their linkages. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1652–1661. This introduction to the Symposium on “Linking Herring” sketches the development of some ideas generated from herring research within an ICES context. The work of Committee A (1902–1908), under the leadership of Johan Hjort, led to a paradigm shift from “migration thinking” to “population thinking” as the interpretation of fluctuations in herring landings. From the 1920s to the 1950s, the focus on forecasting services for the herring fisheries, although ultimately unsuccessful, had the unintended consequence of generating ideas on recruitment overfishing and the match–mismatch hypothesis. The collapse of the East Anglian fishery led, in 1956, to considerable debate on its causes, but no consensus was reached. Three consecutive symposia dealing with herring (1961, 1968, and 1970) reveal a changing perspective on the role of fishing on recruitment dynamics, culminating in Cushing’s 1975 book (“Marine Ecology and Fisheries”, referred to here as the “Grand Synthesis”), which defined the concept of recruitment overfishing and established the future agenda for fisheries oceanography. The 1978 ICES “Symposium on the Assessment and Management of Pelagic Fish Stocks” is interpreted as the “Aberdeen Consensus” (i.e. without effective management, recruitment overfishing is to be expected). In conclusion, herring research within ICES has led to many ideas and two major paradigm shifts.

On the Origin of Theories: Charles Darwin’s Vocabulary of Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry M. Cowles
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
John Herschel ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This is an essay on the origin of theories. It argues that methodology can do more than shape scientific theories—sometimes, vocabularies of method become such theories. The origin of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is a case in point: Darwin’s well-known attention to methodological matters not only framed but bled into his theory of nature. A careful student of contemporary methodology, Darwin sought guidance for using a controversial tool in the scientific world in which he came of age: the hypothesis. In the process of reading the works of John Herschel and William Whewell, Darwin turned nature itself into a man of science. The hypotheses and testing of scientific practice were mirrored in the variations and selection of the natural world. Though unintentional, Darwin’s naturalization of a vocabulary of method helped pave the way for applications of evolutionary theory to the study of the human mind and, completing the circle, to the philosophy of science. Considering the role of vocabularies of method in the origin of theories suggests new directions for the study of cognitive history and the power of language to transform the historical imagination.

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