A study of the validity and the reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in screening for anxiety after stroke in older inpatients

Objectives: To investigate the validity and reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in screening for anxiety in older inpatients post-stroke. Design: Longitudinal. Subjects: A total of 81 inpatients with stroke aged 65 years or older were recruited at four centres in England. Main measures: At phase 1 the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were administered and then the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (phase 2). The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was repeated a median of seven days later (phase 3). Results: Internal reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was high (α = 0.95) and test–retest reliability acceptable ( τB = 0.53). Construct validity was evident relative to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Anxiety subscale ( τB = 0.61). At a cut off of 6/7, sensitivity of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was 0.88, specificity 0.84, with respect to the Structured Clinical Interview anxiety diagnosis. Hospital Anxiety and Depressions Scale – Anxiety subscale sensitivity was 0.88, specificity 0.54 at the optimum cut off of 5/6. A comparison of the areas under the curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristics for the two instruments indicated that the area under the curve of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was significantly larger than that of the Hospital Anxiety and Depressions Scale – Anxiety subscale, supporting its superiority. Conclusions: The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is an internally consistent, reliable (stable) and valid instrument with acceptable sensitivity and specificity to screen for anxiety in older inpatients with stroke.

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Sensitivity and specificity of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in the detection of anxiety disorders in older people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610211001426 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 128-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Gary Cheung ◽

Colin Patrick ◽

Glenda Sullivan ◽

Manisha Cooray ◽

Catherina L. Chang

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Older People ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Cut Points ◽

Anxiety Subscale

ABSTRACTBackground: Anxiety and depression are prevalent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of two self-administered anxiety rating scales in older people with COPD. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) are established useful screening tools but they have not been previously validated in this population.Methods: Older people with COPD completed the GAI and the HADS along with a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The outcomes of both rating scales were compared against the diagnosis of anxiety disorders based on the MINI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal diagnostic cut points for each scale.Results: Fourteen (25.5%) of the 55 participants, were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Mean GAI and HADS-anxiety subscale scores were significantly higher in subjects with an anxiety disorder than those without the diagnosis (p = 0.002 and 0.005 respectively). Both scales demonstrated moderate diagnostic value (area under the ROC curve was 0.83 for GAI and 0.79 for HADS). Optimal cut points were ≥3 (GAI) and ≥4 (HADS-anxiety subscale). At these cut-points, the GAI had a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 78.0% and the HADS had a sensitivity of 78.6%, specificity 70.7%.Conclusion: Our results support the use of the GAI and HADS as screening instruments for anxiety disorders in older people with COPD. The optimal cut points in this population were lower than previously recommended for both rating scales. The results of this study should be replicated before these cut points can be recommended for general use in older people with COPD.

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The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: low sensitivity for depression screening in demented and non-demented hospitalized elderly

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610212001536 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 82-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nikolaos Samaras ◽

François R. Herrmann ◽

Dimitrios Samaras ◽

Pierre-Olivier Lang ◽

Alessandra Canuto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depression Scale ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Depression Screening ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Time Interval ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating ◽

Depression Diagnosis ◽

Elderly Inpatients

ABSTRACTBackground: We currently use the depression subscale (HADD) of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for depression screening in elderly inpatients. Given recent concerns about the performance of the HADD in this age group, we performed a quality-control study retrospectively comparing HADD with the diagnosis of depression by a psychiatrist. We also studied the effect of dementia on the scale's performance.Methods: HADS produces two 7-item subscales assessing depression or anxiety. The HADD was administered by a neuropsychologist. As “gold standard” we considered the psychiatrist's diagnosis based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria. Patients older than 65 years, assessed by both the HADD and the psychiatrist, with a clinical dementia rating (CDR) score lower than 3, were included. The effect of dementia was assessed by forming three groups according to the CDR score (CDR0–0.5, CDR1, and CDR2). Simple and multiple logistic regression models were applied to predict the psychiatrist's depression diagnosis from HADD scores. Areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) were plotted and compared by χ2 tests.Results: On both univariate and multiple analyses, HADD predicted depression diagnosis but performed poorly (univariate: p = 0.009, AUC = 0.60 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.53–0.66); multiple: p = 0.007, AUC = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.58–0.71)), regardless of cognitive status. Because mood could have changed between the two assessments (they occurred at different points of the hospital stay), the multiple analyses were repeated after limiting time interval at 28, 21, and 14 days. No major improvements were noted.Conclusion: The HADD performed poorly in elderly inpatients regardless of cognitive status. It cannot be recommended in this population for depression screening without further study.

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The Correlation Between the Level of Anxiety According to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety Subscale with the Duration of Illness, the Age of the Caregiver, and the Age of First Illness in the Biological Mother Who Takes Care of Boys with

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.822 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (16) ◽

pp. 2656-2660

Author(s):

Ridho Akbar Safwan ◽

Muhammad Joesoef Simbolon ◽

Vita Camellia

Keyword(s):

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Biological Mothers ◽

Biological Mother ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Almost All ◽

Anxiety Subscale

BACKGROUND: Caregivers are often described as forgotten patients, and adverse effects are often reported by family caregivers, including anxiety in treating schizophrenic patients. In most cases, it is the mother who takes almost all responsibilities for caring for the patient with schizophrenia. From another study, Mothers showed the highest-burden, followed by fathers and other caregivers. AIM: To find out the correlation between the level of anxiety according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale (HADS-A) with the duration of illness, the age of the caregiver, and the age of first illness in the biological mother who take care of boys with schizophrenia METHODS: This study is an Observational Analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. By interviewing 68 mothers who take care of boys with schizophrenia at the Prof Ildrem Mental Hospital Medan using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale (HADS-A). RESULTS: This study found a significant association between the level of anxiety according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale (HADS-A) and the age of caregivers in biological mothers who care for boys with schizophrenia (p = 0.019), odds ratio (OR) 12,073 (95 %CI 2.252-64.715). This study also found no association between the level of anxiety according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale (HADS-A) and the duration of illness in the biological mother who cared for boys with schizophrenia (p = 0.736). There was no association between the level of anxiety according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale (HADS-A) with age of first illness schizophrenia in the biological mother who cared for boys with schizophrenia (p = 0.068). CONCLUSION: Possibility (odds) is found that the age of caregiver < 45 years old is more likely to have anxiety level according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety subscale (HADS-A) 12,073 worse compared to the age of caregiver ≥ 45 years old.

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A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in WLHIV

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34238/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdilahi Yousuf ◽

Ramli Musa ◽

Muhammad Lokman Md. ◽

Siti Roshaidai Mohd Arifin

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Validation Study ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a self-assessment tool that measures anxiety and depression and is mostly used in hospital settings. The purpose of this study is to test the validity and reliability of the Somali version of HADS in selected two hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Method: From the WLHIV who attend the ART service, 357 women were included in the study and assessed with this tool. The English language of HADS was translated into the Somali version and used for this study. Statistical analysis was computed to examine the validity and measure the reliability of the study. Result This version of HADS was found to be acceptable for people living with HIV. To test the reliability, the internal consistency was found to be 0.83 for the anxiety sub-scale and 0.84 for the depression sub-scale. The Somali version of HADS has shown good internal consistency with its metric properties similar to international literature. By two-factor analysis, the Varimax rotation has shown high factor loading in both sub-scales (Anxiety and depression). Conclusion Therefore, this version can be used to screen the anxiety and depression of patients living with HIV. Therefore, the findings of this validation study show that the Somali version of the HADS is a valid and reliable tool to measure depression and anxiety and can be used to screen people living with HIV.

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Validation of the Malay Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale among Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v18i2.103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Leong Abdullah MFI ◽

Sidi H ◽

Ng YP

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Subscale

Introduction: Depression and anxiety are common complications associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients but screening tools which are validated to assess these complications in the TBI population are scarce. This study investigated the validity of the Malay version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to screen for depression and anxiety among Malaysian TBI patients. Materials and Methods: This cross -sectional study recruited 101 TBI patients in which they were administered the Malay version of HADS and the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorder 4th Edition (DSM-IV) for Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) (as comparison tool). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and concurrent validity (using receiver operating characteristics) of the Malay version of HADS were evaluated. Results: The total Malay version of HADS score and its anxiety subscale exhibited good internal consistency of 0.80 and 0.78 respectively, but the internal consistency of its depressive subscale was low at 0.57. The depressive subscale of the Malay version of HADS exhibited high area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86, specificity of 82%, sensitivity of 76% and negative predictive value of 91% but its positive predictive value was 58%, at cut-off point of 8/9. While the anxiety subscale also demonstrated high AUC of 0.88, specificity of 71%, sensitivity of 93% and negative predictive value of 98% its positive predictive value was only 34%. Conclusion: The Malay version of HADS is a valid screening tool for depression and anxiety among Malaysian TBI population.

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Cluster headache and anxiety: Results of the EUROLIGHT cluster headache project – An Internet-based, cross-sectional study of people with cluster headache

Clinical and Translational Neuroscience ◽

10.1177/2514183x20925956 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 2514183X2092595

Author(s):

Heiko Pohl ◽

Andreas R Gantenbein ◽

Peter S Sandor ◽

Jean Schoenen ◽

Colette Andrée

Keyword(s):

Cluster Headache ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Elevated Level ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anxiety Subscale

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate how anxiety influences the burden of disease of cluster headache. Methods: Participants completed a modified version of the EUROLIGHT questionnaire. Anxiety was measured with the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. An elevated level of anxiety was assumed when eight or more points were scored. Results: The data of 1089 participants were taken for analysis. The score of the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) correlated weakly with the number of attacks in the last 30 days ( r = 0.17). A score of eight and above in the HADS-A was associated with hurting oneself during an attack (odds ratio (OR) = 2.63), worrying about future attacks (OR = 2.95) and reporting of both failed relationships (OR = 2.81) and career problems (OR = 2.65). The odds of feeling understood by family and friends as well as colleagues and employers were lower in anxious persons (OR = 0.35 and 0.40, respectively). Conclusions: Anxiety complicates dealing with cluster headache and strongly aggravates its burden. Instead of finding help in others, anxious persons feel misunderstood and withdraw; relationships fail and difficulties at work arise.

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Validation of Mood Measures for People with Multiple Sclerosis

International Journal of MS Care ◽

10.7224/1537-2073.2013-013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 105-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Tessa M. Watson ◽

Emma Ford ◽

Esme Worthington ◽

Nadina B. Lincoln

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Depression Scale ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

High Specificity ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cutoff Score ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Depression Subscale ◽

Anxiety Subscale

Background: Valid assessments are needed in order to identify anxiety and depression in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to assess the validity of questionnaire measures of mood in people with MS. Methods: People with MS were recruited from a clinic database and asked to complete and return a questionnaire containing the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Those who returned the questionnaire were invited to complete a structured clinical interview, which was blind to the results of the questionnaire. Results: The BDI-II and HADS were both found to be valid measures to detect depression and anxiety in people with MS. An optimum cutoff score of 23 for the BDI-II yielded high sensitivity (85%) and high specificity (76%). An optimum cutoff score of 11 for the HADS demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for both the Anxiety subscale (sensitivity 90%, specificity 92%) and the Depression subscale (sensitivity 77%, specificity 81%). The BAI had high sensitivity (80%) but poor specificity (46%) for detecting anxiety. Conclusion: The BDI-II and HADS can be used to identify mood disorders in people with MS.

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Validity and reliability of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in cancer patients in Peru

10.21203/rs.3.rs-166573/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana L Vilela-Estrada ◽

Juan Ambrosio-Melgarejo ◽

Loida Esenarro-Valencia ◽

José C Sánchez-Ramírez ◽

Fernando Lamas-Delgado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Public Institution ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

General Factor ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Specific Factors

Abstract The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) despite being widely studied in various populations, there is still no consensus on its factor structure. Our study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of HADS in people with cancer. It involved 467 patients-diagnosed with cancer, who could read and write and were treated in a public institution specialized in cancer. It was found that HADS is best suited to a bifactorial structure where there is one general factor (emotional distress) and two specific factors (anxiety and depression). HADS proves to be invariant according to sex and years of education. It is moderately related to Beck's anxiety and depression inventory. Also, it presents acceptable levels of reliability and relationship with instruments used in the diagnosis of anxiety and depression. Its brevity, versatility, hospital-focused design, and extensive study make HADS a very important instrument in the detection of anxiety and depression in cancer patients.

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The Japanese version of the Fear of COVID-19 scale: Reliability, validity, and relation to coping behavior

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0241958 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0241958 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Koubun Wakashima ◽

Keigo Asai ◽

Daisuke Kobayashi ◽

Kohei Koiwa ◽

Saeko Kamoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coping Behavior ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Japanese Version ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Coping Behaviors ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Perceived Vulnerability ◽

Perceived Vulnerability To Disease

COVID-19 is spreading worldwide, causing various social problems. The aim of the present study was to verify the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and to ascertain FCV-19S effects on assessment of Japanese people's coping behavior. After back-translation of the scale, 450 Japanese participants were recruited from a crowdsourcing platform. These participants responded to the Japanese FCV-19S, the Japanese versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the Japanese versions of the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease (PVD), which assesses coping behaviors such as stockpiling and health monitoring, reasons for coping behaviors, and socio-demographic variables. Results indicated the factor structure of the Japanese FCV-19S as including seven items and one factor that were equivalent to those of the original FCV-19S. The scale showed adequate internal reliability (α = .87; ω = .92) and concurrent validity, as indicated by significantly positive correlations with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; anxiety, r = .56; depression, r = .29) and Perceived Vulnerability to Disease (PVD; perceived infectability, r = .32; germ aversion, r = .29). Additionally, the FCV-19S not only directly increased all coping behaviors (β = .21 - .36); it also indirectly increased stockpiling through conformity reason (indirect effect, β = .04; total effect, β = .31). These results suggest that the Japanese FCV-19S psychometric scale has equal reliability and validity to those of the original FCV-19S. These findings will contribute further to the investigation of various difficulties arising from fear about COVID-19 in Japan.

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