Creating Guardians or Warriors? Examining the Effects of Non-Stress Training on Policing Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Danyao Li ◽  
Sean Nicholson-Crotty ◽  
Jill Nicholson-Crotty
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
Citizen Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stress Training

High-profile fatal police shootings of persons of color in recent years have led some to propose changes in the ways that police officers are trained to reduce violence in interactions between officers and citizens. This article explores the impact of a non-stress-oriented training model that some police academies have adopted as an alternative to traditional militaristic training models. We integrate multiple theoretical perspectives to develop the expectation that training interventions will have a significant impact on the nature of police/citizen interactions only when turnover of officers is sufficiently high. Results from analyses of 133 middle- to large-sized municipal police departments in 2013 suggest that non-stress training is significantly associated with reductions in use of deadly force by officers in those departments where recruits trained under such regimes make up a larger portion of the force. We do not find a significant direct or moderated effect on the number of police injured in confrontations with citizens or in the prevalence of discretionary arrests.

Uganda may realign security sector after police purge

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Inspector General ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Armed Robbery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Senior Officers ◽  
The Impact

Subject The impact of recent police arrests. Significance A series of recent arrests of senior police officers -- some of them reportedly close to powerful Inspector General of Police (IGP) Lieutenant General Kale Kayihura, a fierce regime loyalist -- appears to have exposed a network of rogue elements that abuse their formal positions to perpetrate crimes, allegedly including murder, armed robbery, extortion and kidnap. Investigations have revealed parallel chains of command in Uganda’s security sector and the existence of far-flung mafia-style networks with the power to defy the presidency. Impacts Relations with Rwanda may be complicated by the charges against senior officers over the kidnap of a Rwandan dissident. Allegations related to illegal repatriation of refugees could negatively impact donor funding. New revelations in the high-profile investigation into Assistant IGP Andrew Kaweesi could prompt further arrests.

scholarly journals ‘It’s become fashionable’: Practitioner perspectives on football hooliganism involving young people

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-377
Author(s):  
Richard Hester ◽  
Nick Pamment
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Home Office ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Senior Officers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Police Forces

Senior officers responsible for policing football highlight a concerning increase in football hooliganism involving young people in England and Wales. This study is specifically concerned with people under 18 years old that are engaged with hooliganism in connection with football matches, which is an under-researched problem despite recent high-profile incidents. Surveys and interviews with football club safety officers, and police officers involved in football policing were conducted to gain a first-hand insight into this issue. Freedom of Information requests were sent to the Home Office, to establish data trends in youth arrests, banning orders and disorder at football. Despite the concerns of senior police officers, it was found that there is no readily available Home Office data on football hooliganism involving young people. The study highlights that this issue is perceived to be increasing, with children as young as 10 being involved. Whilst there is some indication that football banning orders are being used on under-18s, this is currently seen as a last resort for police forces with a range of interventions being used to divert young people away from football hooliganism. However, there is no nationally adopted approach to managing this issue. Youth projects have had successful results in preventing under-18s from going on to reoffend in a football context. Best practice interventions are recommended, which if adopted by football clubs and police forces may help to minimise the impact of football violence involving young people.

The Effects of Body-Worn Cameras on Violent Police Victimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Citizen Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Body-worn cameras (BWCs) have been presented as a technological innovation to cultivate greater civility in police–citizen interactions. Attempts have been made to clarify the impact of BWCs upon various policing outcomes, but the effects of BWCs on assaults against police has received scant research attention. Existing studies have been limited to a handful of jurisdictions with limited generalizability to a broader range of police organizations. Combining a number of official data sets for the years 2011–13, the current study assesses the relationship between BWCs and police victimization by focusing on total assaults and firearm assaults against police officers in a sample of 516 police agencies. The results indicate that BWC usage is negatively associated with police victimization in both models. This suggests that BWCs can assist in preventing the occurrence of general and extreme violence against police in a wide range of law enforcement agencies in varied settings.

scholarly journals The Impact of E-Training Model on the Improvement of Professional Competence of PAUD-DIKMAS Educators

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Sutarto ◽  
Sungkowo Edi Mulyo ◽  
Imam Shofwan ◽  
Yudi Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Training Models ◽  
The Impact

Theface-to-facetrainingthathasbeencarriedoutallthistimeisconsideredincapable to fully improve the professional competence of trainees. So, it is needed an E-training model which is based on the needs of the trainees. The purpose of this study were: (a) to find out and analyze the E-Training model implemented in the training of PAUDDikmas Educators and, (b) to analyze the impact of the implementation of E-Training models on the improvement of professional competence of PAUD-Dikmas Educators. The subjects of this research were the management and trainers, 8 people in total, to reveal data related to model design and 120 trainees (PAUD-Dikmas Educators) to reveal data about the impact of E-Training model implementation. The data collection methodsusedwereinterviewandquestionnaire.Thetechniquesusedtoanalyzewere descriptive-quantitative statistical analysis. The results of the study showed: (a) the implementation of E-Training model follows the flow of activities: training problems and needs analysis, training socialization and trainees recruitment, training planning, training learning process including independent learning, assignment, unit evaluation, and mentoring, comprehensive evaluation through independent assignments, they are given a certificate if they passed, and follow-up in the form of competency tests, and advanced training; and (b) the implementation of the E-Training model had animpactontheimprovementofprofessionalcompetenceofPAUD-Dikmaseducators.

Policing the British Empire on the Bund: The Origin of the Sikh Police Unit in Shanghai

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Cao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Imperial History ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
British Colonies ◽  
Modern Shanghai

Red-turbaned Sikh policemen have long been viewed as symbols of the cosmopolitan feature of modern Shanghai. However, the origin of the Sikh police unit in the Shanghai Municipal Police has not been seriously investigated. This article argues that the circulation of police officers, policing knowledge, and information in the British colonial network and the circulation of the idea of taking Hong Kong as the reference point amongst Shanghailanders from the 1850s to the 1880s played important role in the establishment of the Sikh police force in the International Settlement of Shanghai. Furthermore, by highlighting the translocal connections and interactions amongst British colonies and settlements, this study tries to break the metropole-colony binary in imperial history studies.

scholarly journals Assessing the efficacy of investigative interviewing training courses: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Davut Akca ◽  
Cassandre Dion Larivière ◽  
Joseph Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Training Effectiveness ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Interviewing Skills ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Interrogation Training ◽  
The Impact

Substantial resources have been dedicated to designing and implementing training courses that focus on enhancing the interviewing skills of police officers. Laboratory research studies and real-world assessments of the effectiveness of interview training courses, however, have found notably mixed results. In this article, empirical studies ( N = 30) that have assessed the effectiveness of police interview and interrogation training courses were systematically reviewed. We found a wide variation in terms of the type, length, and content of the training courses, the performance criteria used to assess the training effectiveness, and the impact of the training courses on interviewing performance. Overall, the studies found that basic interviewing skills can be developed to a certain level through even short evidence-based training courses. More cognitively demanding skills, such as question selection and meaningful rapport-building, showed less of an improvement post training. The courses that included multiple training sessions showed the most consistent impact on interviewing behavior. This review also indicated a need for more systematic research on training effectiveness with more uniform and longer-term measures of effectiveness. Our findings should help guide future research on this specific topic and inform the training strategies of law enforcement and other investigatory organizations.

Transfer of Training After an Organizational Intervention in Swedish Sports Clubs: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stenling ◽  
Susanne Tafvelin
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Training Transfer ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
The Impact

Leadership development programs are common in sports, but seldom evaluated; hence, we have limited knowledge about what the participants actually learn and the impact these programs have on sports clubs’ daily operations. The purpose of the current study was to integrate a transfer of training model with self-determination theory to understand predictors of learning and training transfer, following a leadership development program among organizational leaders in Swedish sports clubs. Bayesian multilevel path analysis showed that autonomous motivation and an autonomy-supportive implementation of the program positively predicted near transfer (i.e., immediately after the training program) and that perceiving an autonomy-supportive climate in the sports club positively predicted far transfer (i.e., 1 year after the training program). This study extends previous research by integrating a transfer of training model with self-determination theory and identified important motivational factors that predict near and far training transfer.

“Blacks Can’t Jump”: The Racialization of Transit Police Responses to Fare Evasion

2021 ◽  
pp. 215336872110075
Author(s):  
TaLisa J. Carter ◽  
Lallen T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Predominately White ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Race And Place ◽  
Fare Evasion

This study demonstrates that racially disparate fare evasion citation outcomes are the product of racialized social systems that allow transit police officers to determine the belongingness of Black riders in systems of mass transit. Using citation data from the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, we test the impact of race and place attributes on transit officer decisions to allocate punishment for subway fare evasion using mixed effects logistic regression controlling for individual and contextual predictors. Although rider racial identity alone proves statistically irrelevant, Black riders suspected of fare evasion possess an elevated risk for being fined as opposed to merely being warned at stations located within predominately white neighborhoods and as stations increase in ridership. These findings demonstrate how transit police officer discretion challenges Black belongingness on systems of public transportation. Broader implications of this work include the importance of scholarship linking statistical disparities to organizational intent and integrating diverse voices in policing policy development.

Do Body-Worn Cameras Change Law Enforcement Arrest Behavior? A National Study of Local Police Departments

2020 ◽  
pp. 027507402098268
Author(s):  
Sunyoung Pyo
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
National Study ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Black And White ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Local Police ◽  
Disparate Treatment ◽  
High Crime

Controlling police officers’ discretionary behavior during public encounters has been an important issue in U.S. policing, especially following several high-profile police-involved deaths of racial minorities. In response, body-worn cameras (BWCs) were introduced to enhance police accountability by providing police managers an opportunity to monitor police–public encounters. Although many U.S. local police departments have now implemented BWC programs, evidence of program effects on daily police behavior has been limited. This study therefore focuses on whether officers’ arrest behavior changes when they perceive that BWCs are recording their interactions with the public. By conducting a difference-in-differences analysis using 142 police departments, I found that BWCs have negative and small treatment effects on arrest rates and null effects on the racial disparity between numbers of Black and White arrests. These findings imply that officers may become slightly more cautious in the use of arrests after wearing BWCs, but BWCs do not change their overall disparate treatment of Black versus White suspects. The results further indicate that the effects of BWCs on arrests are prominent in municipalities with high crime rates or a high proportion of non-White residents, which suggests that BWC programs demonstrate different effects according to the characteristics of communities served.

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