Money Matters: Sector Differences, Competition, and the Public Personnel System

2021 ◽  
pp. 027507402110325
Author(s):  
Laura Langbein ◽  
Fei Wang Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Alternative Employment ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Compensation Systems ◽  
Competitive Labor Market ◽  
Two Sectors

This study explores whether public personnel systems, particularly their compensation systems, are flexible and responsive to market wages in a competitive labor market. Focusing on registered nurses, we explore whether and how the public, private nonprofit, and for-profit labor markets influence each other in determining wages. We also examine if sector plays a role in determining wages. We use American Community Survey data from 2016 and 2017 to test these expectations. Fixed effects regressions and seemingly unrelated regressions with Chow tests reveal that higher wages in the dominant for-profit sector appear to drive up wages in the other two sectors, and vice versa. The results imply that public personnel systems are not so rigid and inflexible as perceived. Rather, they are sensitive to supply and demand and offer wages responding to competition from other sectors. Moreover, public employees do not ignore competitive opportunities in alternative employment markets in the private sectors. Students of public employment should not overlook the private sectors either. The markets are distinctive but not independent.

scholarly journals The DEA Method and its Application Possibilities for Measuring Efficiency in the Public Sector—The Case of Local Public Employment Services

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Ewa Cichowicz ◽  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska ◽  
Monika Dędys ◽  
Maria Ekes
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
The Unemployed

Public Employment Services (PES) are identified as important institutions in the process of improving the match between supply and demand in the labor market, which, despite their importance, still do not achieve the desired efficiency. The indicated problem is partly due to the lack of appropriate evaluation methods for the applied labor market policy instruments. This paper aims to verify the possibility of using the two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method in measuring the efficiency of public sector entities. The authors focused on 39 PES operating in Mazovia province, Poland in 2019. In the first stage, the model of technical efficiency of local PES included six variables (four inputs and two outputs). Only seven PES obtained full efficiency. The inefficiency of analyzed PES varied from about 1% to 80%. In the second stage, the attention focuses on the relationship between true unknown efficiency and its determinants (five environmental variables, both demand and supply oriented). Then, the regression coefficients and confidence intervals showed that three out of five variables influence the efficiency results, the share of the long-term unemployed, the share of the unemployed under 30, and the share of the unemployed over 50 in the total number of unemployed.

scholarly journals The public-private-partnership “fetish”: moving beyond the rhetoric

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Financial Activity

Public-private partnerships (P3s) encompass a broad range of commercial and financial activity involving state engagement of for-profit firms to either provide or partially finance publicly prescribed services through long-term contracts. Following Marx’s analysis of commodities, P3s can also be understood as a fetish - objects considered valuable because of the imaginary social relations that they imply as opposed to their usefulness. In this case, it refers to the transformation of instruments for meeting public obligations into some form or another of private property. It must be acknowledged that states have long employed P3 arrangements to provide instruments needed to meet their obligations. However, the scope of activities which governments are willing to consider open to P3s has grown to unprecedented levels. So eager are states to do deals and so prominent are such deals in their financial rhetoric, that P3s can now also be considered a fetish in the second sense of the word : Some thing or some activity that people have an irrational desire to have or to do. Most political-economy studies of P3s have focused on this rhetoric. They are attempting to understand the trend by relating this fetish to the political ideological agenda of neoliberalism. While valuable, this concentration has caused an equally critical question to be neglected. Why would investors want to take part in P3s ? The paper argues that to understand the P3 fetish we have to consider the dilemma facing pension fund managers during the late 1990s. An imbalance in supply and demand for high quality bonds and dividend paying stocks emerged due to declining public debts, management practices at large corporations, and an increasingly aging population. P3s provided a solution to this dilemma. The evaporation of this economic context and a growing public awareness of the costs of these deals likely mean that P3s will lose their status as a fetish in both senses of the word.

Organizational Commitment across Three Sectors: Public, Non-profit, and For-profit

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel R. Goulet ◽  
Margaret L. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Two Sectors

This study examines organizational commitment of workers in three sectors: public, non-profit and for-profit. Previous work in this area has been limited to the study of organizational commitment in one sector, or a comparison between only two sectors. In order to examine organizational commitment across the three sectors, 228 employees in public sector, non-profit sector, and for-profit sector organizations were surveyed. The results indicate that for-profit workers were the most committed to their organizations, followed by non-profit employees. Workers with the lowest levels of organizational commitment were those in the public sector. Explanations for and the significance of these findings are discussed.

The Public Employment Relationship and the Supreme Court in the 1980S

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Rosenbloom
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Supreme Court Decisions

During the 1980s, Supreme Court decisions on the public employment relationship tended to constitutionalize public personnel administration further and to promote adjudicatory processes within it. The Court has been highly divided on issues involving the public employment relationship and, for the most part, has not developed broad general doctrines that comprehensively define the scope of public employees' constitutional rights. Rather, it has opted frequently for balancing approaches that promote a case-by-case jurisprudence that may fail to afford public personnelists adequate guidance. This article reviews Supreme Court decisions in the areas of public employees' substantive constitutional rights, their constitutional rights to procedural due process and equal protection, and their qualified immunity/liability for breaches of others' constitutional and/or federally protected statutory civil rights.

Wage Differentials in Malaysia: Public Employment, Gender, and Ethnicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Robert L. Clark ◽  
Naohiro Ogawa ◽  
Norma Mansor ◽  
Shigeyuki Abe ◽  
Mohd Uzir Mahidin
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Earnings Differentials ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Annual Earnings

Abstract The study examines the earnings differentials between the public and private sector in the Malaysian economy in terms of the moderations of the gender and ethnic wage differences in the public sector. The study uses the annual earnings from the Salaries and Wages Survey for 2011 and 2016. The key findings are that public employees are paid higher wages compared with private sector employees and the overall gender and ethnic wage differentials have declined in recent years. We also find that both gender and ethnic wage differentials are much smaller in the public sector.

scholarly journals Does Public Sector Outsourcing Decrease Public Employment? Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Potrafke
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
The Public

Abstract I examine the extent to which public sector outsourcing relates to public employment in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. I use new panel data on public sector outsourcing. The sample includes 26 countries over the period 2009–2015. Contrary to common expectations, the results do not suggest that public sector outsourcing expenditure was negatively related to public employment in the full sample. The relation between public sector outsourcing and public employment, however, does vary across countries. If anything, the growth in public sector outsourcing in period t − 1 was positively correlated with the growth in public employment in period t. When public sector outsourcing gives rise to regrouping public employees but not reducing public employment, outsourcing may even increase inefficiencies in the public sector. (JEL codes: L33, J45, P16, C23).

scholarly journals El custionable amparo de la jurisdicción social al clientelismo y la arbitrariedad en el acceso al empleo en las sociedades públicas.

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-129
Author(s):  
Jorge FONDEVILA ANTOLÍN
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
The Supreme Court

Laburpena: Auzitegi Gorenaren (Lan Arloko Sala) 2019ko urtarrilaren 24ko 1067/2019 Epaiaren oinarri juridikoetan ageri diren hutsuneak eta hutsaltasunak aztertzen ditu lan honek. Izan ere, epai horren arabera, ez dago zertan Espainiako Konstituzioan eta Enplegatu Publikoaren Oinarrizko Estatutuan aurreikusitakoa bete, sozietate publikoetan enplegua eskuratzeko konstituzio-bermeari eta -kontrolari dagokienez. Horrek atzerapauso handia eragiten du berme juridikoetan, eta bide ematen die klientelismoari eta arbitrariotasunari. Resumen: Este trabajo examina las inconsistencias y deficiencias de la fundamentación jurídica del Auto 1067/2019, de 24 de enero de 2019 del Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Social), cuyo contenido supone una quiebra a la configuración de un empleo público profesional y objetivo, en un ámbito tan importante con el Sector público del conjunto de las administraciones públicas, que tiene una gran importancia en términos económicos y de número de efectivos personales en el conjunto de los servicios públicos. Así, al amparo del citado Auto, se declara la exención de sometimiento a las previsiones de la Constitución Española y del Estatuto Básico del empleado público con relación al control y garantías constitucionales en el acceso al empleo en las sociedades públicas, lo que supone un claro retroceso en las garantías jurídicas y una apertura al clientelismo y arbitrariedad, en detrimento de los derechos de los ciudadanos al acceso al empleo público, en condiciones de igualdad, mérito y capacidad. Abstract: This paper examines the inconsistencies and deficiencies of the legal basis of Order 1067/2019, of January 24, 2019 of the Supreme Court (Social Chamber), whose content implies a breakdown of the configuration of a professional and objective public employment, in such an important area with the public sector of all public administrations, which is of great importance in economic terms and given the number of staff in all public services. Thus, under the aforementioned Order, the exemption from subjection to the provisions of the Spanish Constitution and the Basic Statute of public employees is declared in relation to the control and constitutional guarantees in the access to employment in public societies, which is a clear setback in legal guarantees and an openness to clientelism and arbitrariness, to the detriment of the rights of citizens to access public employment, under conditions of equality, merit and capacity.

scholarly journals Pay Dissatisfaction among Municipal Employees: Empirical Evidence from Russia’s Stavropol Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Tim Jäkel
Keyword(s):  
Public Employees ◽  
Federal Programs ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Municipal Employees ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractDissatisfied public employees put at risk the quality of service delivery. Th is study investigates pay dissatisfaction among a sample (N=501) of municipal employees in Russia’s Stavropol region. We find that pay dissatisfaction results from negative perceptions of public employment compensation, low levels of risk aversion, unethical professional attitudes, and more than 4 years of working experience. Our findings suggest that municipal employees are sensitive to multiple wage gaps within the public sector, and that upward pay comparisons are a relevant predictor of dissatisfaction with pay. We conclude that widespread pay dissatisfaction poses a serious threat to the implementation of federal programs and sustainable rural development in Russia.

Il pubblico impiego in Italia: come dimagrire senza perdere peso

2009 ◽  
pp. 33-75
Author(s):  
Patrizia Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Work ◽  
Long Period

- In the last decade, one of the main issue of the Italian political debate is a large amount of public employ. The reason is basically economic. We know in fact how the expansion of the public debt shows the need to contain the costs, and how the huge part of the public cost is represented by the public employ. No surprise that this issue has been object of several laws (from legge Treu to the riforma Biagi, finishing with all the financial laws that try to reduce the turnover) that have modified aspects and characteristics (from the job contraction to the ways to accede to the public employ). All this facts created in the imaginary the idea of the impossibility to accede to the public employ, with the traditional permanent contract, and consequently a huge reduction of the number of public employees. But is it really like that? The author try to answer to this question starting from a long period analyse arriving at the recent story to give a vision as complete as possible for quality and quantity of the Italian public employment.Key words: Public Employment; Public Budget; Administrative Work; Financial Laws; Public Policies, Italian Perspective. Parole chiave: Pubblico impiego; Budget pubblico; Lavoro amministrativo; Leggi finanziarie, Politiche pubbliche; Prospettiva italiana.

scholarly journals Empleo tecnológico y teletrabajo en el empleo público

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-109
Author(s):  
María Luz RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Skills ◽  
Competencias Digitales

Laburpena: Teknologiak aurrera egitearen ondorioz enplegu publikoak izan dituen eraldaketak aztertzen dira artikulu honetan, baina, batez ere, enplegatu publikoek gaitasun digitalen arloan duten prestakuntza-beharra, horrek Administrazio Publikoan eskatuko dituen lanbide-profilak eta telelana hedatzeko aukera. Azken horri dagokionez, berariaz zehazten dira Espainian COVID19a etorri arte izan duen garapen eskasaren arrazoiak, lan-modalitate horrek dakartzan abantailak eta arriskuak, eta administrazio publikoetan normalizatzeko eskakizunak eta inplikazioak: I) oinarri gisa balioko dion arrazoi baliotsu baten beharra, II) administrazio publikoari berari eskatzen dion berrantolaketa, eta III) antolamenduari lotutako kultura aldatzea, bai eta eredu berria ezartzea, plataforma duena, lanbide-nortasuna galtzen duena eta enplegatu publikoak funtzioaren eta galera-mailaren arabera bereiztea dakarrena. Resumen: En este artículo se analizan las transformaciones del empleo público como consecuencia del avance de la tecnología, especialmente la necesidad de formación en competencias digitales de las y los empleados públicos, los perfiles profesionales que ello demandará en la Administración pública y la posibilidad de expansión del teletrabajo. Respecto de este último se explicitan las razones de su escaso desarrollo en España hasta la COVID19, las ventajas y los riesgos que supone esta modalidad de trabajo y cuáles son las exigencias e implicaciones de su normalización en las administraciones públicas: I) la necesidad de un motivo valioso que le sirva de fundamento, II) la reordenación que exige de la propia Administración pública y III) el cambio de cultura organizativa, así como el avance hacia un modelo de plataformización, la pérdida de identidad profesional y la posibilidad de segregación del personal empleado público en función de su sexo y su nivel de estudios. Abstract: This article analyzes the transformations in public employment as a result of the advance of technology, especially the need for training in digital skills for public employees, the professional profiles that this will require in the Public Administration and the possibility of expanding teleworking. Regarding telework, the reasons for its scarce development in Spain until COVID19 are explained, as are the advantages and risks involved in this type of work and the demands and implications of its standardization in the Public Administrations by: I) the need for it to have valid reason; II) the reorganization demanded of the Public Administration; and III) the change in organizational culture, as well as the move towards a model of platformization, the loss of professional identity and the possibility of segregating public employees according to their gender and level of education.

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