Psychopharmaca, Psychic Illness, and Driving Ability: A Contribution to the Debate

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Hobi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Present State ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Driving Fitness ◽  
Complex Experimental Design

Four studies treating methodological and clinical aspects of the question of driving ability of the mentally ill under psychopharmaca have been discussed. The complexity of the integral interplay in the domain of physiological, emotional, and psychomotor-cognitive functions relevant for driving behaviour makes an equally complex experimental design appear necessary to tackle this problem. Although the various test apparatus marketed for the investigation of driving fitness allow a relatively proper estimate, the examination of mentally ill patients under psychopharmaca calls for the differentiated inclusion of physiological, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, pschomotor-cognitive, and personality-specific dimensions. The present state of science requires the repeated judgment of the treating therapist in addition. This judgment can only be made on the basis of a partnership between doctor and patient.

scholarly journals Driving Behaviour in Depression: Findings from a Driving Simulator Study

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Vagioula Tsoutsi ◽  
Dimitris Dikeos ◽  
Maria Basta ◽  
Maria Papadakaki
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Preceding Vehicle

Depression is characterized by mental, emotional and executive dysfunction. Among its symptoms, sleep disturbance and anxiety are very common. The effects of depression and its treatment may have an impact on driving behaviour. In order to evaluate driving performance in depression, 13 patients and 18 healthy controls completed questionnaires and scales and were tested in a driving simulator. Driving simulator data included lateral position (LP), speed and distance from the preceding vehicle. History of collisions was associated with depression, body mass index (BMI) and next-day consequences of sleep disturbance. Aggressive driving was associated with fatigue and sleep disturbances. Concerning driving simulator data, a reduced ability to maintain constant vehicle velocity was positively correlated to BMI and insomnia. An LP towards the middle of the road was associated with anxiety. On the other hand, an LP towards the shoulder was associated with depression and next-day consequences of sleep disturbance, while a positive correlation was found between distance from the preceding vehicle and use of drugs with potential hypnotic effects; both these findings show that patients suffering from depression seem to realize the effects of certain symptoms on their driving ability and thus drive in a more defensive way than controls.

Confidence and the older driver

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANNE PARKER ◽  
LORRAINE MACDONALD ◽  
PAUL SUTCLIFFE ◽  
PATRICK RABBITT
Keyword(s):  
Driving Ability ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Older Driver ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Neuroticism Scale ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

A sample of 555 drivers aged 50 or more were assessed in terms of their confidence in a range of driving situations, self-ratings of their driving ability, self-reported driving behaviour, and personality as measured by Eysenck's EPQ. Levels of nervousness when driving were surprisingly low, although there was no evidence of unrealistic self-ratings of driving ability. Female drivers reported significantly fewer errors and intentional violations than did male drivers. Female drivers were also found to score higher on the Extroversion, Neuroticism and Lie scales than did males. However, the males in the sample scored higher on the Psychoticism scale than the females. Driving confidence was associated with the following: a low level of lapses and errors, and a high level of violations; a low score on the Neuroticism scale and a high score on the Extroversion scale; being male, and high annual mileage. Personality did not mediate the relationship between driving confidence and self-rated driving ability.

scholarly journals Market driving behaviour in organisations: Antecedents and outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurie Van Vuuren ◽  
Nadin Wörgötter
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Alliance Formation ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Customer Preferences ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
Market Driving ◽  
Path Modelling ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Capital

Previous research suggests that the market driving behaviour of firms is linked to exceptional performance. However, the elements of market driving, its antecedents and outcomes, have so far not been empirically measured. The primary objectives of this study are to identify factors that describe market driving, develop a conceptual model, and then consider influencing factors and performance indicators drawn from the entrepreneurship and marketing literature. The model has been empirically tested using a sample of managers in the South African healthcare industry. A fully structured questionnaire was used to address the objective of this study. The realised sample of n=328 was used to analyse the conceptual model applying a partial least squares path modelling approach (PLS-PM). The results revealed that market driving is a firm behaviour and is distinguished by three distinct concepts: market sensing, influencing customer preferences and alliance formation. Three out of four antecedents: strategic orientation, entrepreneurial capital and entrepreneurial behaviour, influenced market driving ability positively. The study also demonstrated that market driving behaviour positively influences firm performance and relative competitive strength 

Effects of ketamine on psychomotor, sensory and cognitive functions relevant for driving ability

2015 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Giorgetti ◽  
D. Marcotulli ◽  
A. Tagliabracci ◽  
F. Schifano
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Driving Ability

Perception and Driving: Theory and Practice

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Simms
Keyword(s):  
Driving Performance ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Perceptual Skills ◽  
Driving Behaviour

This paper investigates the contribution of efficient perceptual skills to safe driving behaviour. A perceptual battery is used as part of a comprehensive driving ability assessment at Banstead Place Mobility Centre. The test results of stroke victims are considered in relation to later driving performance.

White matter hyperintensities as a new predictor of driving cessation in the elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S172-S173 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.Y. Lim ◽  
S.J. Son ◽  
M. Jang ◽  
C.H. Hong
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Driving Cessation ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background/aimsMotor, perceptual, and cognitive functions affect driving competence. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) changes on brain MRI are associated structural brain changes along with cognitive and motor performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between WMH and driving ability in the elderly.MethodsParticipants (n = 540) were drawn from a nationwide, multicenter, hospital-based, longitudinal cohort study. Each participant underwent clinical evaluations, neuropsychological tests, and interview for caregiver including driving capacity, which was categorized as ‘now driving’, and ‘driving cessation (driving before, not now)’. A total 540 participants were divided into three groups (389 mild, 116 moderate, and 35 severe) depending on the degree of WMH. The same evaluations of them were followed after each year. The statistical analyses were performed using χ2 test, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), structured equation model (SEM), and generalized estimating equation (GEE).ResultsIn a SEM, greater baseline degree of WMH was directly associated with driving cessation regardless of cognitive and motor dysfunction (β = –0.110, P < 0.001). In GEE models controlling for age, sex, education, cognitive, and motor dysfunction, the more severe changes of the degree of WMH was associated with the faster change from ‘now driving’ state to ‘driving cessation’ state over time in the elderly (β = –0.508, P < 0.001).ConclusionIn both cross-sectional and longitudinal aspects, the degree of WMH might be one of the predictive factors for driving cessation in the elderly, reflecting both motor and cognitive functions or independently.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

‘The present state and statistical observation of mental patients under home custody’, by Kure Shūzō and Kashida Gorō (1918)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-256
Author(s):  
Akira Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Present State ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Traditional Healing ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Healing Practices

This text, dealing with the private confinement of the mentally ill at home, or shitaku kanchi, has often been referred to as a ‘classic text’ in the history of Japanese psychiatry. Shitaku kanchi was one of the most prevalent methods of treating mental disorders in early twentieth-century Japan. Under the guidance of Kure Shūzō (1865–1932), Kure’s assistants at Tokyo University inspected a total of 364 rooms of shitaku kanchi across Japan between 1910 and 1916. This text was published as their final report in 1918. The text also refers to traditional healing practices for mental illnesses found throughout the country. Its abundant descriptions aroused the interest of experts of various disciplines.

A Hundred Cases of Suicide: Clinical Aspects

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (587) ◽  
pp. 355-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Barraclough ◽  
J. Bunch ◽  
B. Nelson ◽  
P. Sainsbury
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Criminal Matter ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
Medical Policy

Historically, doctors have not always acknowledged that they have an obligation to prevent suicide, partly because they shared the prevalent idea that most suicides were caused by moral crises, no concern of theirs—and indeed suicide was a criminal matter until quite recently; but more, perhaps, because a fatalism has characterized their attitudes to its prevention, even where the suicide was clearly suffering from mental illness. Yet two recent American studies have shown more than 90 per cent of suicides to be mentally ill before their death (17, 8); this finding and the familiar clinical observation that suicidal thoughts disappear when the illness is successfully treated provide a strong case for a medical policy of prevention.

Determination of Mono- and Disaccharides in Foods by Interlaboratory Study: Quantitation of Bias Components for Liquid Chromatography

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Bugner ◽  
Max Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Complex Experimental Design ◽  
Refractive Index Detection

Abstract In 1988, a group of French food manufacturers decided to validate the methods used to determine mono- and disaccharides in foods (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose) based on liquid chromatography with refractive Index detection. Twenty laboratories analyzed 12 products. The reproducibilities obtained exceeded Horwltz's criteria but were still acceptable because laboratories used different equipment and the sample matrixes were complex. Six different sources of variation were characterized because of a more complex experimental design. The method for calculating concentration, In particular, had considerable impact on the final precision; the choice between peak area and peak height must be strictly considered.

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