Macrorhabdus ornithogaster Infection and Spontaneous Proventricular Adenocarcinoma in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Proventricular infection with the anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast Macrorhabdus ornithogaster and disease associated with infection (macrorhabdiosis) have been widely reported in budgerigars ( Melopsittacus undulatus). Proventricular adenocarcinoma has also been previously reported in this species. In a retrospective archival search of clinical cases submitted to a zoo animal and exotic pet pathology service between 1998 and 2013, a total of 28 128 avian submissions were identified, which included 1006 budgerigars kept in zoos or aviaries or as pets. Of these budgerigars, 177 were identified histologically as infected with M. orthithogaster at the time of necropsy. Histologic examination of tissues from budgerigars infected with M. orthithogaster identified an apparent continuum in the development of proventricular isthmus lesions associated with M. ornithogaster that included inflammation, mucosal hyperplasia, glandular dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. Proventricular adenocarcinoma was identified histologically in 21 budgerigars. Budgerigars with proventricular adenocarcinoma were significantly more likely to have macrorhabdiosis than budgerigars without proventricular adenocarcinoma. Based on odds ratios for archival data, budgerigars were 41 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 33–52) more likely to have macrorhabdiosis than other avian species and 19 times (95% CI, 11–33) more likely to have proventricular adenocarcinoma than other birds. Budgerigars were 323 times (95% CI, 42–2490) more likely to be affected by both diseases simultaneously compared with other avian species. These findings suggest that macrorhabdiosis may be an associated factor for proventricular adenocarcinoma, although the explanation for this statistically significant correlation remains unknown and further investigation is warranted.

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Interictal high frequency background activity as a biomarker of epileptogenic tissue

Brain Communications ◽

10.1093/braincomms/fcab188 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Truman Stovall ◽

Brian Hunt ◽

Simon Glynn ◽

William C Stacey ◽

Stephen V Gliske

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

High Frequency ◽

High Frequency Oscillation ◽

Epileptogenic Zone ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Seizure Onset ◽

High Frequency Oscillations ◽

Seizure Onset Zone ◽

Background Data

Abstract High Frequency Oscillations are very brief events that are a well-established biomarker of the epileptogenic zone, but are rare and comprise only a tiny fraction of the total recorded EEG. We hypothesize that the interictal high frequency “background” data, which has received little attention but represents the majority of the EEG record, also may contain additional, novel information for identifying the epileptogenic zone. We analyzed intracranial EEG (30–500 Hz frequency range) acquired from 24 patients who underwent resective surgery. We computed 38 quantitative features based on all usable, interictal data (63–307 hours per subject), excluding all detected high frequency oscillations. We assessed association between each feature and the seizure onset zone and resected volume using logistic regression. A pathology score per channel was also created via principle component analysis and logistic regression, using hold-out-one-patient cross validation to avoid in-sample training. Association of the pathology score with the seizure onset zone and resected volume was quantified using an asymmetry measure. Many features were associated with the seizure onset zone: 23/38 features had odds ratios >1.3 or < 0.7 and 17/38 had odds ratios different than zero with high significance (p < 0.001/39, logistic regression with Bonferroni Correction). The pathology score, the rate of high frequency oscillations, and their channel-wise product were each strongly associated with the seizure onset zone (median asymmetry > =0.44, good surgery outcome patients; median asymmetry > =0.40, patients with other outcomes; 95% confidence interval > 0.27 in both cases). The pathology score and the channel-wise product also had higher asymmetry with respect to the seizure onset zone than the high frequency oscillation rate alone (median difference in asymmetry > =0.18, 95% confidence interval >0.05). These results support that the high frequency background data contains useful information for determining the epileptogenic zone, distinct and complementary to information from detected high frequency oscillations. The concordance between the high frequency activity pathology score and the rate of high frequency oscillations appears to be a better biomarker of epileptic tissue than either measure alone.

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Sugar-Containing Beverages Consumption and Obesity in Children Aged 4–5 Years in Spain: the INMA Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081772 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1772 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sandra Gonzalez-Palacios ◽

Eva-María Navarrete-Muñoz ◽

Manoli García-de-la-Hera ◽

Laura Torres-Collado ◽

Loreto Santa-Marina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Obese Children ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesity In Children

The consumption of sugar-containing beverages (SCB) has been associated with obesity although the evidence in preschool children is scarce. Cross-sectional analyses were performed to assess the association between obesity and SCB consumption (packaged juices and sugar-sweetened soft drinks) in 1823 children at the age of 4–5 years from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project. One drink was defined as a glass of 175 mL, and the consumption of SCB was categorized in <1, 1–7 drinks/week and > 1 drink/day. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR). The average SCB consumption was 79.1 mL/day, mainly from packaged juices (80.9%). The SCB consumption was lower in non-obese children than in children with obesity, 76.6 vs 118.4 mL/day (p = 0.02). After adjusting for covariates, children who consumed >1 drink/day showed elevated odds of obesity, OR = 3.23 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48–6.98) compared to children who consumed <1 SCB drink a week. Each additional SCB drink per day was associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.14–2.09). Higher consumption of packaged juices, but not sugar-sweetened soft drinks, was significantly associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.09–2.15) and OR = 1.59 (0.76–3.39), respectively. A higher SCB consumption is associated with obesity in preschool children, mainly due to the consumption of packaged juices.

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Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in households with infants within areas with high and low incidences of meningococcal disease

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800067492 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 445-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

S. F. Olsen ◽

B. Djurhuus ◽

K. Rasmussen ◽

H. D. Joensen ◽

S. O. Larsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Neisseria Meningitidis ◽

Meningococcal Disease ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Household Survey ◽

Faroe Islands ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Neisseria Lactamica ◽

Group B

SUMMARYIn a household survey in the Faroe Islands, an isolated community with hyperendemic occurrence of meningococcal disease due to serogroup B 15, 1604 persons were examined for pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and N. lactamica. Two areas were chosen having experienced high (HIA), and two having experienced low incidences (LIA) of disease. Living in HIA compared with LIA was associated with higher risk of N. meningitidis B 15 carriage and lower risk of N. lactamica carriage, with odds ratios of 2·7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1·4–5·1, P = 0·003) and 0·41 (95% CI 0·31–0·53, P < 0·0001), respectively. In HIA the risk of N. meningitidis carriage was much lower in non-carriers than carriers of N. lactamica, with an odds ratio of 0·19 (95% CI 0·08–0·47, P = 0·0003); in LIA this association (odds ratio 0·51, P = 0·05) was much weaker. Children 0–14 years had substantially higher risk of being carriers of N. meningitidis group B 15 if the mothers were so, with an odds ratio of 11 (95% CI 4–29, P < 0·0001).

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Relationship between Triclosan and Susceptibilities of Bacteria Isolated from Hands in the Community

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.48.8.2973-2979.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 2973-2979 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Allison E. Aiello ◽

Bonnie Marshall ◽

Stuart B. Levy ◽

Phyllis Della-Latta ◽

Elaine Larson

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Community Setting ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Increasing Trend

ABSTRACT The possible association between triclosan and bacterial susceptibility to antibiotic was examined among staphylococci and several species of gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from the hands of individuals in a community setting. Hand cultures from individuals randomized to using either antibacterial cleaning and hygiene products (including a hand soap containing 0.2% triclosan) or nonantibacterial cleaning and hygiene products for a 1-year period were taken at baseline and at the end of the year. Although there was no statistically significant association between triclosan MICs and susceptibility to antibiotic, there was an increasing trend in the association the odds ratios (ORs) for all species were compared at baseline (OR = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 0.33 to 1.27) versus at the end of the year (OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.62 to 1.97) and for GNB alone at baseline(OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.29 to 1.51) versus the end of year (OR = 2.69, 95%CI = 0.78 to 9.23) regardless of the hand-washing product used. Moreover, triclosan MICs were higher in some of the species compared to earlier reports on household, clinical, and industrial isolates, and some of these isolates had triclosan MICs in the range of concentrations used in consumer products. The absence of a statistically significant association between elevated triclosan MICs and reduced antibiotic susceptibility may indicate that such a correlation does not exist or that it is relatively small among the isolates that were studied. Still, a relationship may emerge after longer-term or higher-dose exposure of bacteria to triclosan in the community setting.

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The Association Between Age and Prognosis in Patients Under 45 Years of Age With Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2020.612632 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yueqian Sun ◽

Guoping Ren ◽

Jiechuan Ren ◽

Wei Shan ◽

Xiong Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Nmda Receptor ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Modified Rankin Scale ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽

Aspartate Receptor ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽

Neurological Prognosis

This study aims to evaluate the association between age and prognosis in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) under the age of 45 years. A retrospective study was conducted in patients younger than 45 years diagnosed as anti-NMDARE in four hospitals in China. Age at admission was divided into four categories: <15, 15–24, 25–34, 35–45 years. Neurological prognosis was evaluated using modified Rankin Scale. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of prognosis in anti-NMDARE across the categories of age were as follows: in males, 1.00 (reference), 4.76 (0.39–58.76), 13.50 (0.79–230.40), and 8.81 (0.36–218.39) (P for trend = 0.171); in females, 1.00 (reference), 7.27 (0.36–146.19), 20.08 (1.09–370.39), and 54.41 (1.60–1,849.10) (P for trend = 0.01). We concluded that the increasing age was associated with a poorer prognosis of anti-NMDARE in females but not males.

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CHA2DS2-VASc risk factors as predictors of stroke after acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care ◽

10.1177/2048872616673536 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 264-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Federico Guerra ◽

Lorena Scappini ◽

Alessandro Maolo ◽

Gianluca Campo ◽

Rita Pavasini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Transient Ischemic Attack ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Ischemic Attack

Background: Stroke is a rare but serious complication of acute coronary syndrome. At present, no specific score exists to identify patients at higher risk. The aim of the present study is to test whether each clinical variable included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score retains its predictive value in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome, irrespective of atrial fibrillation. Methods: The meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. All clinical trials and observational studies presenting data on the association between stroke/transient ischemic attack incidence and at least one CHA2DS2-VASc item in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome were considered in the analysis. Atrial fibrillation diagnosis was also considered. Results: The whole cohort included 558,193 patients of which 7108 (1.3%) had an acute stroke and/or transient ischemic attack during follow-up (median nine months; 1st–3rd quartile 1–12 months). Age and previous stroke had the highest odds ratios (odds ratio 2.60; 95% confidence interval 2.21–3.06 and odds ratio 2.74; 95% confidence interval 2.19–3.42 respectively), in accordance with the two-point value given in the CHA2DS2-VASc score. All other factors were positively associated with stroke, although with lower odds ratios. Atrial fibrillation, while present in only 11.2% of the population, confirmed its association with an increased risk of stroke and/or transient ischemic attack (odds ratio 2.04; 95% confidence interval 1.71–2.44). Conclusions: All risk factors included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score are associated with stroke/ transient ischemic attack in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome, and retain similar odds ratios to what already seen in atrial fibrillation. The utility of CHA2DS2-VASc score for risk stratification of stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome remains to be determined.

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Effect of Mental Health Screening and Integrated Mental Health on Adolescent Depression–Coded Visits

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/0009922818821889 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 437-445

Author(s):

Michael L. Rinke ◽

Miguelina German ◽

Bridget Azera ◽

Moonseong Heo ◽

Nicole M. Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Primary Care ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Health Screening ◽

Mental Health Screening ◽

Mental Health Practitioners ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Health Practitioners ◽

Integrated Mental Health

Adolescent depression causes morbidity and is underdiagnosed. It is unclear how mental health screening and integrated mental health practitioners change adolescent depression identification. We conducted a retrospective primary care network natural cohort study where 10 out of 19 practices implemented mental health screening, followed by the remaining 9 practices implementing mental health screening with less coaching and support. Afterward, a different subset of 8 practices implemented integrated mental health practitioners. Percentages of depression-coded adolescent visits were compared between practices (1) with and without mental health screening and (2) with and without integrated mental health practitioners, using difference-in-differences analyses. The incidence of depression-coded visits increased more in practices that performed mental health screening (ratio of odds ratios = 1.22; 95% confidence interval =1.00-1.49) and more in practices with integrated mental health practitioners (ratio of odds ratios = 1.58; 95% confidence interval = 1.30-1.93). Adolescent mental health screening and integrated mental health practitioners increase depression-coded visits in primary care.

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The rod and green cone opsins of two avian species, the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus, and the mallard duck, Anas platyrhynchus

Gene ◽

10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00531-3 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 204 (1-2) ◽

pp. 121-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lesley A Heath ◽

Susan E Wilkie ◽

James K Bowmaker ◽

David M Hunt

Keyword(s):

Avian Species ◽

Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽

Mallard Duck ◽

Cone Opsins

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Group B streptococcal colonization and the risk of pre-eclampsia

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268812001598 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 141 (5) ◽

pp. 1089-1098 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. D. MULLA ◽

V. ANNAVAJJHALA ◽

J. L. GONZALEZ-SANCHEZ ◽

M. R. SIMON ◽

B. S. NUWAYHID

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

The State ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Group B

SUMMARYTo determine if there was an association between recto-vaginal group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization and pre-eclampsia, two cross-sectional studies were conducted using statewide hospital databases. The first study analysed data from the state of Florida, USA, and included 190 645 women who were discharged in 2001. This dataset was used to generate the hypothesis that GBS colonization is associated with pre-eclampsia. The second study tested the GBS hypothesis using the records of 577 153 women who delivered in 2004 or 2005 in Texas, USA. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for the outcome of pre-eclampsia comparing GBS-positive to GBS-negative women were calculated using logistic regression. The aOR for the association between GBS carriage and pre-eclampsia was 0·71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·65–0·77] in the Florida dataset. In the Texas dataset, the overall prevalence of GBS carriage was 14·1% while the overall prevalence of pre-eclampsia was 4·0%. GBS carriers were 31% less likely than non-carriers to have pre-eclampsia (aOR 0·69, 95% CI 0·66–0·72) in Texas. In two large statewide analyses, GBS carriage was inversely associated with pre-eclampsia. A sensitivity analysis revealed that misclassification of GBS status is not a likely explanation of our findings.

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Risk of Respiratory Complications and Wound Infection in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200210000-00015 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 842-847 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

Paul S. Myles ◽

George A. Iacono ◽

Jennifer O. Hunt ◽

Helen Fletcher ◽

John Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Wound Infection ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Ambulatory Surgery ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Breath Holding ◽

Respiratory Complications ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Duration Of Surgery

Background Smoking is considered to be a risk factor for patients undergoing surgery and anesthesia, but it is unclear whether this is applicable to patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of respiratory complications and wound infection among smokers. Methods The authors studied a random selection of 489 adult patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Smoking status was determined by self-report and confirmed with end-expired carbon monoxide analysis. The risk of respiratory complications (i.e., desaturation, cough, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath-holding, or apnea) and wound infection (i.e., wound redness or discharge +/- positive microbial culture, requiring antibiotic therapy) in smokers nonsmokers was ascertained. Odds ratios were estimated from multivariable logistic regression and adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, partner's smoking status, domiciliary smoking exposure, and extent and duration of surgery. Results Most smokers continued to smoke up until the day of surgery. Smokers had a higher rate of respiratory complications (32.8% vs. 25.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.84; = 0.038) and wound infection (3.6% vs. 0.6%; odds ratio, 16.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-175; = 0.019). Odds ratios comparing current plus ex-smokers with nonsmokers were of similar magnitude for most of these complications. Conclusions Smoking was associated with an increased risk of respiratory complications and postoperative wound infection in ambulatory surgery patients. These findings warrant increased efforts at promoting smoking avoidance and cessation.

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