Runting and Stunting Syndrome in Broiler Chickens: Histopathology and Association With a Novel Picornavirus

2020 ◽  
pp. 030098582096997
Author(s):  
Letícia B. de Oliveira ◽  
James B. Stanton ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Corrie Brown ◽  
Salman Latif Butt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Avian Nephritis Virus ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Histologic Changes

Runting stunting syndrome (RSS) in commercial chickens has been reported worldwide, and although several studies have attempted to clarify the cause and describe the lesions, there are gaps in knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and etiology. The study objective was to use commercial chicks naturally affected by RSS to describe the histologic changes of RSS in all segments of the small intestine in chicks of different ages and to identify viral gene sequences in affected chicks and their association with histologic lesions. Chicks lacking clinical signs but from the same houses and from unaffected houses were used as controls. The average weight of affected chicks was significantly lower than expected for their flocks. Macroscopically, the small intestines had paler serosa, with watery, mucoid, or foamy contents and poorly digested food. Histologic lesions were characterized by necrotic crypts, crypt dilation, and flattening of the crypt epithelium. Histomorphometry of the intestines revealed villous atrophy especially in the jejunum and ileum. Histologic changes in other organs were not observed. Random next-generation sequencing of total RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues detected avian nephritis virus, avian rotavirus, and picornavirus in jejunal segments from 7-day-old chicks. No viruses were detected in the jejunum of 1-day-old chicks. Detection of picornaviral reads was significantly associated ( P < .05) with histologic lesions of RSS. Sequence analysis of the picornavirus revealed genetic similarity with the genus Gallivirus. Using in situ hybridization for galliviral nucleic acid sequences, the signal was associated with crypt lesion severity, although signal was detected both in chicks with and without RSS.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a complex plant-based preparation for poultry mycotoxicosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
E. V. Kuzminova ◽  
E. P. Dolgov ◽  
M. P. Semenenko ◽  
P. V. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Liver Structure ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Structure And Functions

The article presents results of efficacy studies for a complex plant-based preparation for poultry mycotoxicosis. Feed additive fibralin contains polysaccharides (dried sugar beet pulp) and phospholipids (rapeseed lecithin) in the proportion 4:1. Eighteen-day-old “Ross-308” broiler chickens with average weight of (665.10 ± 4.28) g were tested, since such mycotoxins as T-2 toxin, zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 were detected in their feeds. Maximum admissible level of each toxin was not exceeded, however, their cumulative effect on poultry resulted in mycotoxicosis. Use of fibralin in the feed (3 kg per one ton) for 10 days reduced clinical signs of intoxication, increased flock survival by 13.5% and stimulated body weight gain by 15.8%. Pharmacological effect of fibralin was demonstrated by improvement of blood morphobiochemical parameters in poultry, i.e. reduction of leukocytes by 19.3% and cholesterol by 13.6%; and an increase in the number of erythrocytes by 19.4%, hemoglobin by 8.1% and calcium by 9.5%. Antitoxin therapy had a positive effect on liver structure and functions and that fact was confirmed by a decrease in aminotransferase level in serum and normal levels of total protein. The data obtained may justify the use of this natural bio-preparation as a product with antitoxic and hepatoprotective properties and the use of fibralin for mycotoxicosis treatment of poultry.

scholarly journals Bovine Babesiosis Diagnosed in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues by Using In Situ Hybridization

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hülskötter ◽  
Vanessa M. Pfankuche ◽  
Lydia van Dyck ◽  
Martin Höltershinken ◽  
Andrea Springer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Postmortem Diagnosis ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Bovine babesiosis, caused by Babesia divergens, is in general a rare disease in Europe. Nonetheless, local outbreaks can cause severe economic damage, and postmortem identification represents a diagnostic challenge. During a recent outbreak in May 2018 in northern Germany, 21 animals of a herd of 150 cattle died within 40 days having had clinical signs of fever and hemoglobinuria. Gross examination of 4 of the 21 deceased animals revealed a tick infestation, jaundice, and dark brown staining of urine and kidneys. Histologically, there were iron-positive deposits, hyperplasia of the red pulp of the spleen, and centrilobular necrosis of hepatocytes. In several locations, small basophilic granules suggestive of intraerythrocytic parasites were visible in hematoxylin-eosin- and Giemsa-stained sections. Peripheral blood smears from a living cow from the herd and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of feeding ticks revealed B. divergens infection. In situ hybridization (ISH) was applied on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of the necropsied cattle to confirm babesiosis in these animals postmortem. Digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes were generated based on a specific nucleotide sequence for B. divergens, obtained by PCR and sequencing of DNA isolates from infected Ixodes ricinus ticks from deceased cattle. ISH using these probes allowed postmortem diagnosis of B. divergens infection in routinely fixed FFPE tissues.

scholarly journals Case Report: Pulmonary Conidiobolomycosis in a Vietnamese Pot-Bellied Pig

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany L. Rasche ◽  
Samuel M. Tucker ◽  
Keith Linder ◽  
Tara M. Harrison ◽  
Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Initial Onset ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formalin Fixed

An adult castrated male Vietnamese pot-bellied pig had a 1-week history of acute dyspnea and lethargy. Minimal diagnostic testing was authorized by the owner, resulting in treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Partial improvement was observed after a week; however, the pig died 2 weeks after the initial onset of clinical signs. Macroscopically, ~90% of the left lung was effaced by large masses with a caseonecrotic center. Histologic examination revealed eosinophilic granulomas with myriad, intralesional, negatively staining hyphae highlighted by “sleeves” of hypereosinophilic material (Splendore-Hoeppli material). Infection with an oomycete or “zygomycete” (i.e., organisms of the order Entomophthorales or Mucorales) was initially considered. Pan-fungal PCR and sequencing performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissue identified Conidiobolus spp., consistent with a diagnosis of primary pulmonary conidiobolomycosis. There are only a few reports of infections with Conidiobolus spp. (and other members of the order Entomophthorales) in swine. Unlike humans and other animal species, conidiobolomycosis in pigs presents more commonly as a primary pulmonary disease rather than rhinofacial or nasopharyngeal disease.

scholarly journals The expression of BCL-G in leukemia and gastrointestinal tissues

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-438
Author(s):  
Faris Q Alenzi ◽  
Talat A Al bukhari ◽  
Mohamed W Al Rabea ◽  
Reda G Alenazi ◽  
Wail O Alenizy
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Maturation State ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Background & Objective:- BCL-G is a novel protein of Bax (BCL-G associated protein X) that induces caspase-mediated apoptosis. These proteins play important roles in regulating apoptosis in both normal or neoplastic cells, however their cellular and tissue distribution remains to be determined. Thus, the current study objective was to elucidate the distribution and expression pattern of BCL-G in normal and malignant gastrointestinal human tissues.Methods:- The distribution and expression of BCL-G was measured by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit monoclonal antibody against BCL-G in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded, benign or malignant human tissue.Results:- A variable pattern of positive expression of BCL-G was observed within all the tissues studied. BCL-G expression was found to be localized to the cytoplasmic paranuclear granules of the epithelialium in the majority of organs examined. Intensity of BCL-G staining was associated withthe maturation state of benign tissue.Conclusion:- Here we demonstrate that BCL-G exhibits a specific tissue distribution pattern that appears to correlate with cellular differentiation. While such distribution patterns are complex they provide an intriguing insight into overall function that would require further investigation to fully elucidate their physiological/pathological significance.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.433-438

Sequencing Analysis and Phylogenetic Tree of HPV Isolated from Breast Cancer Patients at Thi-Qar Province/Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
The North ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
History Of

Genetic variety examination has demonstrated fundamental to the understanding of the epidemiological and developmental history of Papillomavirus (HPV), for the development of accurate diagnostic tests and for efficient vaccine design. The HPV nucleotide diversity has been investigated widely among high-risk HPV types. To make the nucleotide sequence of HPV and do the virus database in Thi-Qar province, and compare sequences of our isolates with previously described isolates from around the world and then draw its phylogenetic tree, this study done. A total of 6 breast formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) of the female patients were included in the study, divided as 4 FFPE malignant tumor and 2 FFPE of benign tumor. The PCR technique was implemented to detect the presence of HPV in breast tissue, and the real-time PCR used to determinant HPV genotypes, then determined a complete nucleotide sequence of HPV of L1 capsid gene, and draw its phylogenetic tree. The nucleotide sequencing finding detects a number of substitution mutation (SNPs) in (L1) gene, which have not been designated before, were identified once in this study population, and revealed that the HPV16 strains have the evolutionary relationship with the South African race, while, the HPV33 and HPV6 showing the evolutionary association with the North American and East Asian race, respectively.

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