… The Truth is No Longer Out There

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Creek
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

Western scientific endeavour, for the past 200 years, has been directed towards uncovering the laws that govern the physical universe. Truth has been seen as existing independently of human activity, and all that is required to discover it is to make accurate and objective observations which lead to rational conclusions. The second half of the 20th century has been characterised by an increasing awareness that knowledge can never be truly objective. With this realisation, the pursuit of truth has given way to a greater acceptance of diversity, complexity and uncertainty in a shift of perspective called postmodernism. Occupational therapists have been traditionally concerned with the details of everyday life as lived by ordinary people. The goals of intervention are individual, contextual, discrete and diverse. Practice is based on pragmatism rather than on abstract principles. This article provides an introduction to a complex topic and argues that occupational therapy can best be understood and valued from a postmodernist perspective.

Historical Research: Ordering the Past to Chart Our Future

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Ellen Levine
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
The Past

Present concerns about the state of theory and practice in occupational therapy can be explained in light of past developments, both successful and unsuccessful efforts. This article explains why occupational therapists still use arts-and-crafts modalities, the practice of which can be traced to early therapists influenced by the philosophy and practices of a social movement that swept across America from 1895 to 1920. This analysis is based on historical research, a methodology not common in occupational therapy literature.

Research in Occupational Therapy: Luxury or Necessity?

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 349-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita E A Goble
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Personal Approach ◽  
University Department ◽  
Many Sources

Occupational therapists know that practical problems demand practical solutions which are a combination of the intuitive personal approach and planned observation. Observation must be systematic, consistent and deliberate if it is to be accurate and effective. This article recommends that all occupational therapists should have ready access to a university department or local occupational therapy school and that they should concentrate upon concise, appropriate and consistent measures of outcome. The author suggests that therapists start by looking at their own patients, and that, although researchers have traditionally sought large patient samples in the past, this approach may no longer be the most suitable, since newer and innovative approaches to research are now increasingly using single case analysis as an alternative method. Funding has always been difficult and one solution developed by St Loye's School of Occupational Therapy is put forward, that is, the establishment of a Foundation in order to promote research. With a little self-help, occupational therapists can become involved in planned observation and development of new methods. The Health Service review entitled ‘Working for Patients’ highlights the fact that the professional must withstand critical analysis from many sources, and that occupational therapists must clearly identify their product and define their focus. Occupational therapists now have the opportunity to present their observations and prove that they are not merely ‘a dying institution’ but ‘a living and influential force’.

Client-Centred Practice: What does it Mean and Does it Make a Difference?

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Law ◽  
Sue Baptiste ◽  
Jennifer Mills
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Current Guidelines

During the past 15 years, occupational therapists in Canada, through the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists, have worked to develop and implement guidelines for practice of a client-centred approach to occupational therapy. One of the difficulties with the current Guidelines for the Client-Centred Practice of Occupational Therapy is the lack of a definition and discussion of the concepts and issues fundamental to client-centred practice. In this paper, key concepts of client-centred practice: individual autonomy and choice, partnership, therapist and client responsibility, enablement, contextual congruence, accessibility and respect for diversity are discussed. Two practice examples are used to illustrate these ideas and raise issues about obstacles to the practice of client-centred occupational therapy. Research evidence about the effectiveness of client-centred concepts in enhancing client satisfaction, functional outcomes and adherence to health service programmes is reviewed.

Mental Handicap: Why are There So Few Occupational Therapists?

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 282-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Candlish
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Physical Field ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
The Past ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Do So

The author divides her time between St Loye's and the Langdon Hospital for the mentally handicapped at Dawlish. This article was written as a result of an attendance at a study day on the subject of mental handicap, held in London. The author met with a number of occupational therapists who were working single-handed or with only part-time support. She asked herself the following question: if, each year, hundreds of enthusiastic graduates flow out through the occupational therapy college gates, why do so many jostle for vacancies in the psychiatric or physical field and why do so few turn towards mental handicap? She investigated the subject, listening to a wide variety of suggestions put forward by numerous occupational therapists throughout the past year. She has included those which were a recurring theme.

scholarly journals Impacts of Historical Pandemics on India: Through the Lens of 20th Century Hindi Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-314
Author(s):  
Prachi Priyanka
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Hindi Literature ◽  
The Ganges

India has been swept by pandemics of plague, influenza, smallpox, cholera and other diseases. The scale and impact of these events was often cataclysmic and writers offered a glimpse into the everyday life of ordinary people who lost their lives and livelihoods and suffered the angst and trauma of mental, physical and emotional loss. This paper focuses on the devastation caused by pandemics especially in the Ganges deltaic plains of India. Through selected texts of 20th century Hindi writers – Munshi Premchand, Phanishwar Nath Renu, Suryakant Tripathi Nirala, Bhagwan Das, Harishankar Parsai, Pandey Bechan Sharma – this paper aims to bring forth the suffering and struggles against violence, social injustices and public health crises in India during waves of epidemics and pandemics when millions died as they tried to combat the rampant diseases.

Occupational therapists’ use of yoga in post-stroke care: A descriptive qualitative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 030802262091037
Author(s):  
Alexandra P Andrews ◽  
Karen E Atler ◽  
Jennifer Dickman Portz ◽  
Marieke VanPuymbroeck ◽  
Caroline M Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
The Past

Introduction Over the past decade, yoga has gained popularity in health care. The benefits of yoga can go beyond the physical to address the psychosocial and emotional. Such gains can be beneficial for people who have had a stroke. As a leading cause of disability, stroke can lead to challenges returning to daily activities. Occupational therapists may use yoga to promote engagement in daily activities after stroke. This study aimed to understand how and why occupational therapists integrate yoga into stroke rehabilitation. Methods This study involved occupational therapists practicing in the United States. Ten occupational therapists using yoga in practice participated in a semi-structured interview. Interview data were transcribed and analyzed using deductive and inductive coding. Themes emerged from the data related to the benefits of using yoga in stroke rehabilitation. Results According to this study, yoga is currently being used as a treatment technique and merged with occupational therapy. Yoga may promote client-centered recovery; bring “context” to therapy; and address physical, emotional, and psychosocial needs following stroke. Conclusion Individuals who have had a stroke may face challenges related to both physical and psychosocial engagement. The use of yoga in occupational therapy may be beneficial after stroke for both physical and psychosocial rehabilitation.

The Requirement for Ethical Reasoning in Occupational Therapy Education

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Pinnington ◽  
Avril Bagshaw
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Occupational Therapy Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Screening Procedures ◽  
Therapy Education

This first article outlines how student research projects have developed over the past 10 years, resulting in the subsequent need to expand the subject of ethical reasoning in the education of occupational therapists. The literature is examined in respect of providing learning opportunities on ethical matters for the student, particularly in the preparation of an investigative study, the formation and administration of ethical screening procedures with in a school of occupational therapy are described as a means of providing an experiential understanding of ethical issues for students. In a second article, the implications and outcome of this initiative are discussed.

Evolving Health Environments and Occupational Therapy: Definitions, Descriptions and Opportunities

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 456-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Finlayson ◽  
Jeanette Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Over the past 20 years, the world has seen a slow but steady shift in thinking about illness and wellness and about what constitutes health and health care. Concepts such as primary health care, disease and injury prevention, disability postponement, health promotion and population health are the focal points of this shift. In order to contribute in this evolving health environment, occupational therapists need to understand this terminology and make the link between these concepts and their philosophy and skills in enabling health through occupation. To contribute to this understanding, the objectives of this paper are to review the history of occupational therapy as it relates to recent shifts in thinking about health and health care, to define and describe briefly the relevant health and health care terms and concepts, and to illustrate the existing and potential links between the practice of occupational therapy and these health and health care concepts.

Reflections on a Renaissance of Occupation

2000 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Whiteford ◽  
Elizabeth Townsend ◽  
Clare Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Occupational Science ◽  
Societal Context

At the close of the 20th century, there is a renaissance of occupation in occupational therapy and occupational science. Kielhofner (1992) offers an intraprofessional explanation that the growing interest in occupation recaptures occupational therapy's lost identity. An extraprofessional explanation is that postmodern ideas and social practices have helped to create a societal context in which a renaissance of occupation is welcome. Postmodernism raises questions and awareness of power, diversity, temporality, and situatedness in which normative ideas of occupation as paid work can be challenged. Since occupation is of primary concern to occupational therapy and occupational science, the authors reflect on postmodernism and its influence on a renaissance of occupation in these two fields. These reflections consider what such a renaissance means for occupational therapists and occupational scientists in the 21st century.

An Occupational Therapy Program with the Chronic Care Patient

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
Annette Rudy ◽  
Galela Moscovitch ◽  
Ruth Posluszny ◽  
Annette Rudy ◽  
Mona Sidler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Chronic Care ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Care Patient ◽  
Chronic Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Psychiatric Population ◽  
Projective Art ◽  
High Level

The following is an example of what the occupational therapists at the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal have done to accomodate the changing psychiatric population at the hospital. Over the past few years it seemed that certain of our programmes, being too high level, were no longer suitable for the more chronic type patient, being admitted. Thus, a re-examination of attitudes towards treatment was necessary as was the establishment of programmes with a different orientation. In doing this, the focus changed from former techniques such as projective art to a concentration on more reality oriented programmes for this group. The two programmes described are examples of this.

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