Turning land into capital? The expansion and extraction of value in Laos

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110634
Author(s):  
Miles Kenney-Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Real Form ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic

Since 2006, the government of Laos has pursued a policy of “Turning Land into Capital”, which broadly refers to the generation of economic value from the marketization of land, producing not only profit but also government revenue and economic development. The policy's ambiguity raises questions regarding the precise political-economic processes at work and what exactly the transformation of land into capital might mean. Building on Marxist theorizations of land, value, capital, and rent, this paper argues that land under capitalism does not only operate as a rent-bearing asset, in which value is extracted from elsewhere. Land can also be treated as a real form of capital, or capitalized, when its social relations are transformed to facilitate value expansion and act as a store of value mobilized for further investment. It is imperative to investigate how land is used to expand value as capital, extract value as rent, or do both. This paper examines four manifestations of the Turning Land into Capital policy to outline the contours of struggles and contestations over the production and distribution of value in the Lao political economy.

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE CYCLICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
I.R. LYAPINA ◽  
◽  
T.A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
I.V. SKOBLIAKOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Optimization Mechanism ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The purpose of the research is to study of the features of the influence of social institutions on the cyclicality and dynamics of economic development in the context of identifying the role of social institutions at individual phases of the cycle of economic development, as well as consideration of the functions and tools of social institutions by phases of economic development. The subject of the research is a set of roles, functions and tools of social institutions related to different phases of the cycle of economic development. The methodological base is formed for the implementation of scientific research tasks. Its tools are methods that allow reflecting the features of the influence of social institutions on the cyclical nature of the economy: the method of theoretical foundations, the method of grouping, the method of analysis, the method of comparison, the method of implication. As a result of the study, it is indicated that the functions of social institutions should be highlighted: the consolidation of emerging social relations, adaptation, regulatory processes, a communication basis and a translational basis. The instruments that influence economic fluctuations are formed in the context of social institutions. Thus, the institution of the family is characterized by the use of an optimization mechanism, the concept of sustainability of social relations, the concept of production and distribution of economic benefits in order to meet the needs of each of the subjects.

scholarly journals European values: a liberal doctrine through the methodology of political economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Tetiana Artomova
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Classical Economic

Clarification of the laws of harmonious ordering of the social economy system was largely carried out in the depth of European civilization in the course of the evolution of fundamental scientific knowledge. Thus, the synergy of intellectual efforts of the representatives of classical German philosophy, English political economy and French social doctrines became a catalyst and, at the same time, a fertile cultural ground for the establishment of civic institutions of modern times. Transcendent understanding of civilizational values as a system of social relations is to be carried out by political economy – the science of economic laws. Such a mission of economic science was defined during the formation of its classic research line as the logic of the Middle Way. However, modern economic theory in content remains traditional. It does not conceive its object in a single space-time coordinate system or recognize the economic value (economic good) as its own object and the basis of social relations. For that reason, the most important concepts of civilizational heritage are considerably distorted. Freedom, equality, and brotherhood, which are considered to be political in origin, are the most important universal values that have been promulgated by the European community in modern times. However, the crystallization of the values of freedom, equality, and brotherhood in their syncretic unity is initially carried out in the depths of political economy. In recent times, each of them has been taken as one of the traditional methodological branches of economic science. Thus, the problem of freedom is key to the liberal-margin economic doctrine that today ideologically feeds educational courses in economics. In order to modernize the training courses, experts propose to restore their connection with the provisions of the authentic doctrine of liberal marginalization, and with the conceptual system of L. von Mises. This rethinking makes the logic of functioning of the modern market economy and the basic principles of neoliberal policy more transparent and at the same time shows the imperfection of liberal doctrine in comparison with the original scientific provisions of classical economic thought.

scholarly journals The Role of Digital Economy to Enhancing Sustainable Economic Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Nur Aini Fitriya Ardiani Aniqoh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
National Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
The Government

This study analyzes The Role of Digital Economy  to Enhancing Sustainable  Economic Development. The general objective of this research is to assist the government in determining the right policy on the implement of digital economy and its impact on the the sustainable economic development, especially in Indonesia. In Indonesia the digital economy has increasingly developed in the field of ecommerce. The ecommerce industry is not merely talking about buying and selling goods and services via the internet. But there are also other things in it such as inter-service providers, telecommunications providers and others. This is the reason why the ecommerce industry must be adapted to be able to push the economic pace forward. The government is currently declaring Indonesia as the largest digital economy in 2020 and is targeted to be the largest in Southeast Asia. One of the foundations of national development in this declaration is the digital sector. The government targets ecommerce transactions to reach US $ 130 billion and creates 1,000 technopreneur with a business value of US $ 10 billion in 2020.  Therefore this research will provide policy benefits in strengthening government institutions in order to control the implementation of digital economy in Indonesia so that it give the positive impact on the sustainable economic development to be able to prosper the community and have a positive impact on the environment and increasing the economic value.

Mill, Political Economy, and Women's Work

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANCY J. HIRSCHMANN
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Women's Work ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Women’S Work ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Productive Labor ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Relationship Of

The sexual division of labor and the social and economic value of women's work in the home has been a problem that scholars have struggled with at least since the advent of the “second wave” women's movement, but it has never entered into the primary discourses of political science. This paper argues that John Stuart Mill'sPolitical Economyprovides innovative and useful arguments that address this thorny problem. Productive labor is essential to Mill's conception of property, and property was vital to women's independence in Mill's view. Yet since Mill thought most women would choose the “career” of wife and mother rather than working for wages, then granting that work productive status would provide a radical and inventive foundation for women's equality. Mill, however, is ambiguous about the productive status of domestic labor, and is thereby representative of a crucial failure in political economic thought, as well as in egalitarian liberal thought on gender. But because Mill at the same time develops a conception of production that goes well beyond the narrow limits offered by other prominent political economists, he offers contemporary political scientists and theorists a way to rethink the relationship of reproductive to productive labor, the requirements for gender equality, and the accepted categories of political economy.

scholarly journals Green GRDP calculation by total economic value methods: Case study in Cần Giờ mangrove biosphere reserve

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Le Duc Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Can Gio Mangrove

In the context that Vietnam develops for international integration, the government has oriented socio-economic development to develop in a sustainable way, not kind of development at all costs. This is clearly shown through the fact that ministries and governmental institutions have adjusted policies and target programs to achieve the millennium goal set by the United Nations to serve the action plan for the sustainable development of the entire nation. From the point of view of sustainable development, many countries around the world have calculated green GDP instead of normal GDP to see that economic development must be closely linked to social progress and environmental protection. Throughout many years of research on the total economic value of a system of environmental resources, especially the total economic value of the humanistic ecology system of Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve, the author found that there are similarities in the calculation of green GRDP and that of the total economic value of a geographic area. This paper aims to present a conceptual framework to calculate the green GRDP for the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve, using total economic value methods. The author also links the United Nations documents and the Statistics Law with the Government of Vietnam's guiding documents for implementing the law to formulate a green GRDP calculation conceptual framework using the methods of total economic value calculation. To calculate the Green GRDP of Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve by using the total economic value methods is an illustration to convince the validity of the Green GRDP Conceptual Framework. Hopefully there will be many comments from scientists and managers to be able to unify how to calculate green GRDP for mangrove areas and to move towards calculating green GRDP for the national economy, in order to manage the balance between "conservation for development" and "development for conservation" according to the trend of sustainable development.

A Economia Política do Big Data: Um Recurso Estratégico e de Poder entre Oligopólios Tecnológicos e Vulnerabilidades Estatais l The Political Economy of Big Data: a Strategic and Power Resource Among Technological Oligopolies and State Vulnerabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e59061
Author(s):  
Francisco Luiz Marzinotto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Strategic Resources ◽  
Political Economic

A Internet popularizou-se globalmente a partir da década de 90 e se tornou central nas relações sociais contemporâneas. Atualmente, mais de 50% da população mundial a utiliza diariamente. Com isso, a quantidade de dados digitais produzidos aumentou subitamente, fazendo com que adentremos na “Era do Big Data”. Contudo, essa área é dominada por oligopólios privados com enorme capital que absorvem novas empresas e tecnologias, eliminando possíveis concorrentes e colocando em risco a estabilidade estatal. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a posição dos Estados em relação à “Era do Big Data”. Os resultados demonstraram a existência de um ciclo vicioso de concentração de informações sensíveis e poder político-econômico em oligopólios. Conclui-se que os “dados” não devem ser vistos apenas como uma ferramenta de aprimoramento comercial, mas sim, como uma fonte de recurso estratégico aos Estados, devendo-se priorizar os interesses públicos em detrimento dos privados em sua gestão.Palavras-Chave: Big Data; Poder; Economia Política Internacional. ABSTRACTInternet became globally popular and central to social relations since 1990s. Currently, more than 50% of the world’s population uses it daily. As result, the amount of digital data produced has suddenly increased, making us enter the “Big Data Era”. However, this area is dominated by private oligopolies with huge capital that absorb new companies and technologies, eliminating potential competitors and putting state stability at risk. Thus, the objective of the present work is to analyze the position of the States in relation to the “Big Data Era”. The results demonstrated the existence of a vicious cycle of concentration of sensitive information and political-economic power in oligopolies. It is concluded that big data should no longer be seen only as a tool for commercial improvement, but rather as a source of strategic resources for States, where public interests should be prioritized over private ones in their management.Keywords: Big Data; Power; International Political Economy. Recebido em: 10/04/2021 | Aceito em: 07/07/2021. 

POTRET POLITIK PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI KAMPUNG MAREDAN 2014-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Khairul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Development Politics ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

This study aims to describe the economic development of Maredan kampong 2014-2016. Thisresearch uses R.William Liddle (2004) conceptualization that is “Restricted Pluralism”. Thispolitical analysis is included in the pluralist paradigm of modern political economy. In thisanalysis, research attempts to answer the main questions, such as whether Maredan villageeconomic development politics? This question is answered by identifying: (1) What are thepreference and preferences of building a penghulu? What is the position of the actor in thevillage development policy process? The results of this study revealed that The choice ofMaredan village development policy is determined by the actions of the village heads andinstitutions in linking the market and the will of the government as a manifestation of theinherent authority. The ability to “reconcile” these two interests is the current policy of villagedevelopment in Maredan. There are many issues of governance and village development Thatappear on the surface. But the most prominent political color of economic development inMaredan is the economic factor that affects Maredan society.

scholarly journals Pockets of Privilege: A Historical, Spatial, and Political Economy Analysis of Industrial Zones in Palestine

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Advani
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Class Power ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
Israeli Occupation

This article argues that industrial zones in Palestine do not effectively promote Palestinian economic development. The article rests on a historical, spatial, and economic analysis of the political economy of industrial zones in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. By examining the nature and functionality of these zones through different methodological lenses, it is clear that the industrial zones in Palestine fail on two levels. Firstly, as successful export-processing zones and employment generating programs, the zones are unable to deliver their intended results. On the other hand, even when they do succeed, their performance is limited and does not contribute to a holistic, democratic, and egalitarian notion of economic development. In fact, the benefits accrued are often channeled to Palestinian elites and foreign capital, at the expense of popular Palestinian economic needs such as viable employment, healthcare, housing, food security, and domestic investment. Moreover, the zones work well within the confines of the Israeli Occupation and seem to entrench aspects of its overarching architecture. Lastly, this article argues that industrial zones in Palestine are elements in a wider political and economic project that is being increasingly defined by political, economic, and spatial fragmentation. The emerging social topography is in fact a spatial effect produced by the convergence of Palestinian capitalist class power, international financial institutions (IFIs), the Israeli Occupation, and the expansion of foreign capital. The effect is a future Palestinian state that is highly undemocratic, corrupt, and rife with inequality. 

scholarly journals Russia's political economy re-conceptualized: A changing hybrid of liberalism, statism and patrimonialism

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Becker ◽  
Alexandra Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Political Economic

Russian political–economic development since the early 1990s has been described as one of initial liberalization and subsequent re-etatization a decade later. Our paper critically builds upon this view, systematically adding patrimonialism as third dimension and conceptualizing Russia's trajectory as varying with respect to ideal–typical liberalism, statism and patrimonialism. We argue that Russian patrimonialism hindered the rise of the economically facilitating state capacity and undermined both liberalization in the 1990s and re-etatization in the 2000s. Furthermore, we add a comparative BRICs perspective that clarifies the peculiarity of Russia's development based on statistical data from the World Bank, the OECD and Heritage Foundation. The data confirm the de-liberalization of Russia and show an increase of patrimonialism. Another finding is that Russia was the only BRIC country that de-liberalized and increased its level of patrimonialism in the period under consideration.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tapias
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Suffering ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
Political Economic

This book has investigated how Bolivian market and working class women suffered from emotional distress wrought by the social and economic changes of the 1990s due to neoliberal reforms. Focusing on the stories of women in Punata, it has shown how neoliberalism and its moral dimensions transformed bodies into new sites of consumption, desire, and aspiration, which must contend with the social mores that piece together sociality. The findings of this book add to the scholarship on emotions, embodiment, and social suffering in the Andes by highlighting the ways in which intimate narratives of market and working-class women are intrinsically linked to broader national and transnational political economic relationships. This conclusion takes a look at multiple attitudes toward the government of Evo Morales, who promised to dismantle Bolivia's neoliberal agenda after winning the presidential election in December 2005. It also reflects on how emotions constitute a fruitful site from which to examine the effects of globalization and the role they play in reconfiguring social relations.

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