scholarly journals European values: a liberal doctrine through the methodology of political economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Tetiana Artomova
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Classical Economic

Clarification of the laws of harmonious ordering of the social economy system was largely carried out in the depth of European civilization in the course of the evolution of fundamental scientific knowledge. Thus, the synergy of intellectual efforts of the representatives of classical German philosophy, English political economy and French social doctrines became a catalyst and, at the same time, a fertile cultural ground for the establishment of civic institutions of modern times. Transcendent understanding of civilizational values as a system of social relations is to be carried out by political economy – the science of economic laws. Such a mission of economic science was defined during the formation of its classic research line as the logic of the Middle Way. However, modern economic theory in content remains traditional. It does not conceive its object in a single space-time coordinate system or recognize the economic value (economic good) as its own object and the basis of social relations. For that reason, the most important concepts of civilizational heritage are considerably distorted. Freedom, equality, and brotherhood, which are considered to be political in origin, are the most important universal values that have been promulgated by the European community in modern times. However, the crystallization of the values of freedom, equality, and brotherhood in their syncretic unity is initially carried out in the depths of political economy. In recent times, each of them has been taken as one of the traditional methodological branches of economic science. Thus, the problem of freedom is key to the liberal-margin economic doctrine that today ideologically feeds educational courses in economics. In order to modernize the training courses, experts propose to restore their connection with the provisions of the authentic doctrine of liberal marginalization, and with the conceptual system of L. von Mises. This rethinking makes the logic of functioning of the modern market economy and the basic principles of neoliberal policy more transparent and at the same time shows the imperfection of liberal doctrine in comparison with the original scientific provisions of classical economic thought.

From Freakonomics to Political Economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Fine ◽  
Dimitris Milonakis
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

AbstractIn this response to the symposium on our two books we try to deal as fully as possible in the brief space available with most of the major issues raised by our distinguished commentators. Although at least three of them are in agreement with the main thrust of the arguments put forward in our books, they all raise important issues relating to methodology, the history of economic thought (including omissions), and a number of more specific issues. Our answer is based on the restatement of the chief purpose of our two books, describing the intellectual history of the evolution of economic science emphasising the role of the excision of the social and the historical from economic theorising in the transition from (classical) political economy to (neoclassical) economics, only for the two to be reunited through the vulgar form of economics imperialism following the monolithic dominance of neoclassical economics at the expense of pluralism after the Second World War. The importance of political economy for the future of economic science is vigorously argued for.

scholarly journals 200 Years To Political Economy in Vilnius University

Ekonomika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidija Laumenskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Special Event ◽  
Concise Overview ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vilnius University

This paper gives a concise overview of the development of the economic thought in Lithuania mentioning the very special event in the history of the economic science - the establishment of the Department of Political Economy in Vilnius University in 1803 as the first Department of Political Economy in the world.

scholarly journals Innovation and innovation activity: legal aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-187
Author(s):  
IGOR P. KOZHOKAR
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Legal Mechanism

. Innovation is becoming a vector of modern social development not only in Russia, but also around the world. The category of innovation is used not only in economic science, but also in other areas of social and human studies. The task of legal science is to create an appropriate legal mechanism that can effectively regulate innovative relations, allowing them to be differentiated from other objectively changing social conditions. Such a mechanism can only be built on a scientifically based system of legal concepts that have a sign of innovation, which is currently absent in Russian legislation. This paper proposes a conceptual system based on the concept of innovation. There are numerous features of innovation that can be used by the legislator for various purposes of legal regulation (regulation of innovation relations, protection of innovation, support and promotion of innovation, and others), and in various fields of public life (economy, public services, social relations, culture, education). The basic idea of innovation should be considered along with its subordinate basic concepts (innovative product, innovative activity, innovative system, innovative infrastructure, innovative policy) including the description of their content and the possibility of further development of conceptual series that have the characteristic of innovation. The role of the legal concept series in detecting legal and technical defects in innovative legislation is shown.

Mill, Political Economy, and Women's Work

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANCY J. HIRSCHMANN
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Women's Work ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Women’S Work ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Productive Labor ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Relationship Of

The sexual division of labor and the social and economic value of women's work in the home has been a problem that scholars have struggled with at least since the advent of the “second wave” women's movement, but it has never entered into the primary discourses of political science. This paper argues that John Stuart Mill'sPolitical Economyprovides innovative and useful arguments that address this thorny problem. Productive labor is essential to Mill's conception of property, and property was vital to women's independence in Mill's view. Yet since Mill thought most women would choose the “career” of wife and mother rather than working for wages, then granting that work productive status would provide a radical and inventive foundation for women's equality. Mill, however, is ambiguous about the productive status of domestic labor, and is thereby representative of a crucial failure in political economic thought, as well as in egalitarian liberal thought on gender. But because Mill at the same time develops a conception of production that goes well beyond the narrow limits offered by other prominent political economists, he offers contemporary political scientists and theorists a way to rethink the relationship of reproductive to productive labor, the requirements for gender equality, and the accepted categories of political economy.

scholarly journals A modern Scandinavian “Saga about political economy”: “Against the Stream. Critical Essays on Economics” by Gunnar Myrdal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Georgy A. Cheremisinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Price ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Gunnar Myrdal ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Productivity Decline

Introduction. It is proposed to pose the question of the original understanding of fundamental economic science as a political economy, presented by Gunnar Myrdal in the book “Against the Stream. Critical Essays on Economics”, which can be regarded from a certain point of view as a modern Scandinavian «Saga about political economy». Hermeneutic analysis. G. Myrdal’s paradigm concept, based on the concept of “establishment economics” was more meaningful than the modern use of the term “mainstream” to characterize the dominant flow of economic thought. The theoretical and methodological substantiation of the scientific hypothesis about the periodic emergence of crises and the formation of the economic science evolution cycles made it possible to explain the chronology of the Keynesian paradigm ascent and decline cycle by changes in economy and society. The arguments in favor of the institutional approach prompted a fundamental conclusion about the advisability of returning economic science to the original name of political economy and restoring its spiritual, moral, value dimension. G. Myrdal questioned and refuted the traditional abstract assumption about the conflict between economic growth and egalitarian reforms, for which one must pay a high price such as the national economy productivity decline, proposed the concept of “created harmony” to characterize the modern welfare state. Conclusion. The interpretation of the scientific monograph “Against the Stream. Critical Essays on Economics” in the style of Scandinavian “Saga about political economy” added a lot of very interesting details, judgments, explanations that substantively complemented the theoretical and methodological approach, showed the opportunity to study, research and present the history of economic thought in an attractive literary style without sacrificing depth and completeness of acquired knowledge.

History and Economics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Kumekawa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Economic Discipline

This introductory chapter takes a brief look into the life and career of Arthur Cecil Pigou, as an economist and as a historical figure. Pigou lived through at least two periods of radical transition in the economic discipline. During the first, in the early 1900s, he was a pioneer, a new breed of economist who helped usher out the age of political economy and usher in that of economic science. As this new discipline spread throughout Britain, Europe, and the United States, Pigou's work was adopted as part of the new orthodoxy of economic thought that increasingly was leveraged by national governments. But in the subsequent period of transformation in the 1930s, Pigou found himself in an entirely different position. During this time, though he was an established “giant” of his field, the contours of his discipline were swiftly becoming unfamiliar to him.

scholarly journals The Peculiarities of the Development of Economic Thought in Lithuania (Sixteenth-Nineteenth Centuries)

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-120
Author(s):  
Egidija Laumenskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The University

Economic thought in Lithuania has comparatively deep historical roots and some special achievements to its credit. The establishment of the Department of Political Economy at the University of Vilnius in 1803 was the first such high recognition of the physiocrats’ concept in the history of economic science. The reasons for physiocracy to appear as a syllabus subject at Vilnius University were rooted not only in the specific character of the country’s economy and educational system, but also in the ideological prehistory of the discipline. The turn of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries marked the first period of vigorous development in economic thought in Lithuania and coincided with the development of economic ideas at Vilnius University, established in 1579. Rapid changes in economic life and the widespread Reformation movement in the mid-sixteenth century gave birth to active debates on social and economic issues. At that time the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was not merely following the development of economic ideas of the West (which was the fact later, especially with the upsurge in the economic thought in the twentieth century), but also disputing them (although the scope of this polemic was noticeably slender) and looking for solutions to the country’s keenest economic problems. The economic ideas of Jan Abramowicz, Marcin Smiglecki and others are worth consideration in the context of the development of European economic thought as a whole. The educational reforms at Vilnius University at the end of the eighteenth century (from Vilnius Academy, managed by Jesuits, to a more open educational institution) gave a birth to a new upsurge of economic thought in Lithuania. Vilnius University adopted the new discipline of Political Economy. Professors Hieronim Stroynowski, Jan Waszkewicz, and Michał Oczapowski started developing various courses in economics. However, after the Uprising of 1831 the University of Vilnius was closed down and further development of economic thought was restricted for almost a century. The unsteady evolution of economic thought in Lithuania in the period under review is connected with the country’s general economic and political development.

Turning land into capital? The expansion and extraction of value in Laos

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110634
Author(s):  
Miles Kenney-Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Real Form ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic

Since 2006, the government of Laos has pursued a policy of “Turning Land into Capital”, which broadly refers to the generation of economic value from the marketization of land, producing not only profit but also government revenue and economic development. The policy's ambiguity raises questions regarding the precise political-economic processes at work and what exactly the transformation of land into capital might mean. Building on Marxist theorizations of land, value, capital, and rent, this paper argues that land under capitalism does not only operate as a rent-bearing asset, in which value is extracted from elsewhere. Land can also be treated as a real form of capital, or capitalized, when its social relations are transformed to facilitate value expansion and act as a store of value mobilized for further investment. It is imperative to investigate how land is used to expand value as capital, extract value as rent, or do both. This paper examines four manifestations of the Turning Land into Capital policy to outline the contours of struggles and contestations over the production and distribution of value in the Lao political economy.

scholarly journals Ukrainian economic thought of the last third of the 19th – early 20th centuries in the context of the development of the european liberal tradition

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (52) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Valentyna Feshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Marginal Analysis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Theory Of Value

The article analyzes the features of the development of marginalism and the emergence of a modern methodology for the analysis of economic processes in Ukrainian economic thought, starting with the development of the Kyiv scientific school headed by M. Bunge and ending with the works of prominent Ukrainian scientists E. Slutsky and M. Tugan-Baranovsky. These problems, considering their relevance for the present, are the subjects of modern scholars’ researches, such as T. Hayday, I. Golovata, V. Kudlak, O. Kurbet, V. Nebrat, N. Suprun, Y. Ushchapovsky, V. Feshchenko and others. The purpose of the article is to highlight the scientific contribution of Ukrainian economists of the last third of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries to the development of marginalism and Western European liberalism, to reveal the emergence of a new methodology of economic analysis based on the combination of ideas of classical political economy and marginal analysis, the historical school’ principles with the European socio-reformism, and the use of functional analysis with economic and mathematical research tools. Significant progress of the Ukrainian economic science in this period are the theoretical achievements of representatives of the Kyiv School of Political Economy. In the works of M. Bunge, D. Pikhno, R. Orzhentsky, and O. Bilimovych, the attention was focused on the development of the theory of value with the use of marginal analysis, the psychological foundations of the theory of value were supported, and the emphasis was placed on the social orientation of research. E. Slutsky's works «The Theory of Marginal Utility», and «On the Theory of Consumer Budget» reflected new approaches to understanding utility as an economic category, determined the value of market goods in terms of their usefulness and rarity, and initiated the study of market behavior and mechanisms of formation and stability of the consumer budget. In the context of the formation of the new methodology for economic analysis, the author reveals the priority and significance of the creation of the synthetic theory of value by M. Tugan-Baranovsky. The article highlights the significant influence of Ukrainian scientists of the studied period on the development of world economic science and substantiates the necessity of further study of their scientific work.

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