Issues in the Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Open Graded Mixes

Within the pavement engineering community, open graded mixes (OGM) are regarded as mixes capable of reducing noise and improving wet skid resistance. However, during their design life, these asphalt mixes are known to suffer from a particular distress type known as raveling. This results in a premature failure of a road network. In order to study the propensity of OGM to raveling, homogenization-based approaches are considered to be accessible and effective. One of the most widely accepted homogenization models for asphalt concrete is proposed by Christensen et al. Several studies related to homogenization techniques have been conducted in the past; however, to the best of the authors’ knowledge not a lot of attention has been paid to the study of OGM by means of homogenization models. The other limitation of the Christensen model is that some parameters are difficult to physically understand. Under the above realization, the objective of the paper is twofold: (1) to propose a modification of the Christensen model for OGM; and (2) to verify the modified model’s capability in predicting the mechanical properties of OGM. In general, it was found that once the proposed factor is calibrated for a given OGM by laboratory tests the obtained results are accurate.

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Microtexture Performance of EAF Slags Used as Aggregate in Asphalt Mixes: A Comparative Study with Surface Properties of Natural Stones

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9153197 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (15) ◽

pp. 3197 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rosolino Vaiana ◽

Filippo Balzano ◽

Teresa Iuele ◽

Vincenzo Gallelli

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Concrete ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Skid Resistance ◽

Asphalt Mixes ◽

Before And After ◽

Surface Performance ◽

Secondary Steelmaking ◽

Natural Stones ◽

The Impact

Steelmaking industries produce a large amount of solid wastes that need to be adequately managed in order to ensure environmental sustainability and reduce the impact of their disposal on earth pollution. Electric arc furnace (EAF) slags are those wastes deriving from secondary steelmaking production; these slags can be re-used and recycled in many industrial applications such as the production of asphalt mixes. In this paper authors investigate the surface performance of EAF slags used as second-hand aggregate in asphalt mixes. In particular, slags behavior under polishing is compared to other types of aggregate commonly used for asphalt concrete such as limestone, basalt, and kinginzite. Several devices (skid tester, laser profilometer, polishing machine) were used to collect experimental data; the analysis of microtexture was carried out by comparing aggregate surface performance before and after polishing. Results show that EAF slags are positively comparable to basalt as concerns the polishing behavior; good correlations between skid resistance and some microtexture indicators are also carried out.

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Preparation and Performance of Silica/ESBR Nanocomposites Modified by Bio-Based Dibutyl Itaconate

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11111820 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1820 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haijun Ji ◽

Hui Yang ◽

Liwei Li ◽

Xinxin Zhou ◽

Lan Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Skid Resistance ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Modified Silica ◽

Tan Δ ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Hydroxy Groups ◽

Wet Skid Resistance

Ester-functionalized styrene-butadiene rubber (dibutyl itaconate-styrene-butadiene rubber) (D-ESBR) was synthesized by low-temperature emulsion polymerization using dibutyl itaconate (DBI) as a modified monomer containing ester groups. Nonpetroleum-based silica with hydroxy groups was used as a filler to enhance the D-ESBR, which can provide excellent mechanical properties, low rolling resistance, and high wet skid resistance. During the preparation of the silica/D-ESBR nanocomposites, a hydrogen-bonding interface was formed between the hydroxy groups on the surface of silica and the ester groups in the D-ESBR macromolecules. As the content of ester groups in the D-ESBR increases, the dispersion of silica in the nanocomposites is gradually improved, which was verified by rubber process analyzer (RPA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall mechanical properties of the silica/D-ESBR modified with 5 wt % DBI were improved and became superior to that of the non-modified nanocomposite. Compared with the non-modified silica/D-ESBR, the DBI modified silica/D-ESBR exhibited a lower tan δ value at 60 °C and comparable tan δ value at 0 °C, indicating that the DBI modified silica/D-ESBR had lower rolling resistance without sacrificing wet skid resistance.

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Viscoelastic Properties of Elastomers and Tire Wet Skid Resistance

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538445 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 584-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

H. Takino ◽

R. Nakayama ◽

Y. Yamada ◽

S. Kohjiya ◽

T. Matsuo

Keyword(s):

Systems Analysis ◽

Viscoelastic Properties ◽

Skid Resistance ◽

Polymer Systems ◽

The Past ◽

Rubber Friction ◽

Wide Range ◽

Tan Δ ◽

Peak Value ◽

Wet Skid Resistance

Abstract Many studies concerning tire wet skid resistance have been published in the past, but they have in general involved the use of only a few grades of SBR and BR. We have evaluated the British Portable Skid Tester (BPST) wet skid resistance of eighteen sulfur curable polymers which might be used for automobile tires. These results have been analyzed in relation to the viscoelastic properties of the polymer systems. Analysis of wet skid resistance in terms of the peak value of tan δ over a prescribed temperature range, designated as Tα, and abrasion loss—derived from the theory of rubber friction—was concluded to give a better general relationship for a wide range of polymers.

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Performance characteristics of the open-graded asphalt concrete filled with a special cement grout

The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering ◽

10.3846/bjrbe.2015.40 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 316-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pavlina Cihackova ◽

Petr Hyzl ◽

Dusan Stehlik ◽

Ondrej Dasek ◽

Ovidijus Šernas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Concrete ◽

Permanent Deformation ◽

Design Procedure ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Cement Grout ◽

Skid Resistance ◽

Asphalt Mixes ◽

Stiffness Measurement ◽

The Road ◽

Laboratory Design

This paper presents a performance of the open-graded asphalt concrete filled with a special cement grout in the road structures, introduces practical examples of the usage of this technology and defines the main properties. In addition, laboratory design of asphalt mixtures filled with special grout is researched. Finally, the results obtained from various laboratory tests are evaluated. The paper contains the open-graded asphalt concrete filled with a special cement grout mix design procedure and results of stiffness measurement, low temperature properties, permanent deformation and skid resistance. Open-graded asphalt concrete filled with a special cement grout mixture is compared to the commonly used asphalt mixes. The open-graded asphalt concrete filled with a special cement grout showed better results than the commonly used asphalt mixes by the stiffness and resistance to the permanent deformation characteristics but behavior at the low temperatures is slightly problematic.

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The Usability of Different Skid Resistance Characteristics in Road Assessment

Civil and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.2478/cee-2014-0015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 80-87

Author(s):

Matúš Kováč ◽

Peter Kotek

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Skid Resistance ◽

Water Tank ◽

Model Surface ◽

Measuring Device ◽

The Road ◽

The Past ◽

Texture Characteristics ◽

Surface Profiles ◽

On The Road

Abstract The article was created as a reaction on the request of the Slovak Road Administration, whether it would be possible to evaluate level of friction on the road network only by using laser equipped device Profilograph GE, instead of by using longitudinal friction coefficient measuring device Skiddometer BV11, which is slow, much more difficult on operation and it is necessary to fulfil the water tank for measurements. In order to find out the answer, there were evaluated measurements performed on road sections in Slovakia for the past few years. The main goal was to compare results obtained by both devices, and to find a relevant correlation between them. For better understanding of the problematic and for the demonstration of disadvantages of some texture characteristics, there are performed a comparisons of the different parameters evaluated on model surface profiles in the end of this work.

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Effect of Graphene Oxide Modified with Organic Amine on the Aging Resistance, Rolling Loss and Wet-Skid Resistance of Solution Polymerized Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13051025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1025

Author(s):

Songhan Wan ◽

Xiaobin Lu ◽

Hongguo Zhao ◽

Songbo Chen ◽

Shuwei Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Good Effect ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Skid Resistance ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Aging Resistance ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Wet Skid Resistance

Graphene oxide (GO) was modified by p-phenylenediamine (PPD), aiming at improving the wet-skid resistance and reduce the rolling loss of solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR). PPD with amino groups enabled GO to obtain anti-aging function. The structure of modified GO (PPD-GO) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Mechanical tests showed that the mechanical properties of SSBR before and after aging were improved by adding PPD-GO. The results of thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter synchronization analysis (TGA-DSC) indicated that SSBR/PPD-GO obtained good thermo-oxidative stability. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of SSBR composites showed that the mechanical loss factor (tanδ) peak moved to high temperature with the content of PPD-GO. The tanδ values of SSBR composites showed that it had a good effect on improving the wet-skid resistance and reducing the rolling loss of SSBR by adjusting the content of PPD-GO. In particular, with the addition of 4 phr GO, SSBR was effectively improved in mechanical properties, aging resistance, wet-skid resistance and low rolling loss.

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Relationships Between the Friction and Viscoelastic Properties of Rubber

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/1.2135999 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 178-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

N. Amino ◽

Y. Uchiyama

Keyword(s):

Viscoelastic Properties ◽

Skid Resistance ◽

Grain Sizes ◽

Abrasive Grain ◽

The Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Tan Δ ◽

Silicone Carbide ◽

And Storage ◽

Wet Skid Resistance ◽

Frequency Curves

Abstract In this study, the relationships between friction and viscoelastic properties such as loss tangent tan δ and storage modulusE′ were examined. Wet skid resistance was measured using the British Pendulum Tester. The rubber specimens were rubbed againstfive silicone carbide cloths of differing abrasive grain sizes. The viscoelastic properties of the rubber specimens were measured with a viscoelasticspectrometer. From the data on wet skid resistance and viscoelastic properties, it is found that the coefficient of friction μ varies as follows: μ = a + b · tan δ/E′ where a and b are constants. Tan δ/E′ was related to the hysteresis term of friction, and the μ-frequency curves were compared with the tan δ/E′ –frequency curves.

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Understanding ion-induced assembly of cellulose nanofibrilllar gels through shear-free mixing and in situ scanning-SAXS

Nanoscale Advances ◽

10.1039/d1na00236h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tomas Rosén ◽

Ruifu Wang ◽

HongRui He ◽

Chengbo Zhan ◽

Shirish Chodankar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Building Block ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Advanced Materials ◽

The Past

During the past decade, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have shown tremendous potential as a building block to fabricate new advanced materials that are both biocompatible and biodegradable. The excellent mechanical properties...

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The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Cellular Metal With Periodic Cubic Cells

Volume 9: Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Fluids; NDE, Diagnosis, and Prognosis ◽

10.1115/imece2016-65362 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaobing Dang ◽

Ruxu Du ◽

Kai He ◽

Qiyang Zuo

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Relative Density ◽

Sheet Metal ◽

Light Weight ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Sheet Metal Stamping ◽

High Stiffness ◽

The Past ◽

Cellular Metal ◽

Metal Stamping

As a light-weight material with high stiffness and strength, cellular metal has attracted a lot of attentions in the past two decades. In this paper, the structure and mechanical properties of aluminum cellular metal with periodic cubic cells are studied. The aluminum cellular metal is fabricated by sheet metal stamping and simple adhesion. Two sizes of specimens with cell sizes of 3mm and 5mm are fabricated. Their relative density and mechanical properties are tested by means of experiments. The results show that the cubic-cell cellular metal has high and predictable strength and hence, can be used for many practical applications.

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