Integrated Framework for Risk and Resilience Assessment of the Road Network under Inland Flooding

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Alice Alipour
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
The Road ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
Resilience Assessment

A transportation network facilitates the connectivity of local residential areas, improves capability for movement of goods, and contributes to economic development. Recent flooding events in the U.S. have highlighted the vulnerability of our transportation network to such events. Flooding, a predominant destructive hazard, leads to significant direct damages to physical road infrastructures and also results in significant indirect losses to communities that rely on the road network. Decision-makers, designers and planners all must understand the risks associated with such events and make adequate preparations for them. This paper proposes a holistic framework for integrating flooding hazards with vulnerability analysis of transportation road infrastructures, topologic risk analysis, and flow-based risk assessment. Vulnerability analysis of infrastructures reveals the extent of closure on roads and bridges. Topologic risk analysis, based on graph theory, provides immediate information on network characteristics that could be linked to instantaneous connectivity measures. Flow-based risk assessment uses a user equilibrium model to compute traffic time for the entire network for assessment of user losses from increased traffic time. Finally, the developed framework can be used to assess risks for a segment of the primary road system in the state of Iowa when facing flooding events with return periods of 2, 50, 200 and 500 years. It is expected that this integrated framework and the network performance measures could inform future resilience assessment and enhancement strategies in the studied region and provide a framework for other states that might wish to adopt this approach.

scholarly journals GIS-Based Urban Road Network Accessibility Modeling Using MLR, ANN and ANFIS Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
K. Sai Sahitya ◽  
Csrk Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Road Network ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
The Road

Abstract A sustainable transportation system is possible only through an efficient evaluation of transportation network performance. The efficiency of the transport network structure is analyzed in terms of its connectivity, accessibility, network development, and spatial pattern. This study primarily aims to propose a methodology for modeling the accessibility based on the structural parameters of the urban road network. Accessibility depends on the arrangement of the urban road network structure. The influence of the structural parameters on the accessibility is modeled using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis. The study attempts to introduce two methods of Artificial Intelligence (AI) namely Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Adaptive network-based neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in modeling the urban road network accessibility. The study also focuses on comparing the results obtained from MLR, ANN and ANFIS modeling techniques in predicting the accessibility. The results of the study present that the structural parameters of the road network have a considerable impact on accessibility. ANFIS method has shown the best performance in modeling the road network accessibility with a MAPE value of 0.287%. The present study adopted Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to quantify, extract and analyze different features of the urban transportation network structure. The combination of GIS, ANN, and ANFIS help in improved decision-making. The results of the study may be used by transportation planning authorities to implement better planning practices in order to improve accessibility.

scholarly journals Indirect flood impacts and cascade risk across interdependent linear infrastructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1955-1969
Author(s):  
Chiara Arrighi ◽  
Maria Pregnolato ◽  
Fabio Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
The Road ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Abstract. Floods are one of the most frequent and damaging natural threats worldwide. Whereas the assessment of direct impacts is well advanced, the evaluation of indirect impacts is less frequently achieved. Indirect impacts are not due to the physical contact with flood water but result, for example, from the reduced performance of infrastructures. Linear critical infrastructures (such as roads and pipes) have an interconnected nature that may lead to failure propagation, so that impacts extend far beyond the inundated areas and/or period. This work presents the risk analysis of two linear infrastructure systems, i.e. the water distribution system (WSS) and the road network system. The evaluation of indirect flood impacts on the two networks is carried out for four flooding scenarios, obtained by a coupled 1D–quasi-2D hydraulic model. Two methods are used for assessing the impacts on the WSS and on the road network: a pressure-driven demand network model and a transport network disruption model respectively. The analysis is focused on the identification of (i) common impact metrics, (ii) vulnerable elements exposed to the flood, (iii) similarities and differences of the methodological aspects for the two networks, and (iv) risks due to systemic interdependency. The study presents an application to the metropolitan area of Florence (Italy). When interdependencies are accounted for, results showed that the risk to the WSS in terms of population equivalent (PE/year) can be reduced by 71.5 % and 41.8 %, if timely repairs to the WSS stations are accomplished by 60 and 120 min respectively; the risk to WSS in terms of pipe length (km yr−1) reduces by 53.1 % and 15.6 %. The study highlights that resilience is enhanced by systemic risk-informed planning, which ensures timely interventions on critical infrastructures; however, for indirect impacts and cascade effects, temporal and spatial scales are difficult to define. Perspective research could further improve this work by applying a system-risk analysis to multiple urban infrastructures.

Coupling Natural Hazard Estimates with Road Network Analysis to Assess Vulnerability and Risk: Case Study of Freetown (Sierra Leone)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (8) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Andrew Nelson ◽  
Sarah Lindbergh ◽  
Lucy Stephenson ◽  
Jeremy Halpern ◽  
Fatima Arroyo Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Road Intersections ◽  
Flooding Events

Many of the world’s most disaster-prone cities are also the most difficult to model and plan. Their high vulnerability to natural hazards is often defined by low levels of economic resources, data scarcity, and limited professional expertise. As the frequency and severity of natural disasters threaten to increase with climate change, and as cities sprawl and densify in hazardous areas, better decision-making tools are needed to mitigate the effects of near- and long-term extreme events. We use mostly public data from landslide and flooding events in 2017 in Freetown, Sierra Leone to simulate the events’ impact on transportation infrastructure and continue to simulate alternative high-risk disasters. From this, we propose a replicable framework that combines natural hazard estimates with road network vulnerability analysis for data-scarce environments. Freetown’s most central road intersections and transects are identified, particularly those that are both prone to serviceability loss due to natural hazard and whose disruption would cause the most severe immediate consequences on the entire road supply in terms of connectivity. Variations in possible road use are also tested in areas with potential road improvements, pointing to opportunities to harden infrastructure or reinforce redundancy in strategic transects of the road network. This method furthers network science’s contributions to transportation resilience under hydrometeorological hazard and climate change threats with the goal of informing investments and improving decision-making on transportation infrastructure in data-scarce environments.

scholarly journals Kinerja Peiayanan Jaringan Transportasi Jalan Nasional Trans Maluku Pulau Ambon

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Anotnius Sihaloho ◽  
M Yamin Jinca
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Island Group ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
National Road ◽  
Descriptive Method

Trans Maluku is a national transportation network that links 12 island groups in Maluku Province. Island Group XII is Ambon Island that became PKN of Maluku province. This study aimed to find out ltaw tlte performance of the national road network in Island Group XII of Ambon Island and formulate development strategies. Analysis using quantitative descriptive method and SWOT analysis. 71ze results of the national road network Passo-Galala, Lahthalat- Batu Gantong and Waihaong-Batu Merah indicates that: indicators of accessibility, capacity and integrated quite effectively. Indicators are classified as not effective is Road Safety. The use of tire road network of relatively efficient aspects of tire VCR. Construction of support facilities necessary for the security of road users and an increase in financing the road network.

Improving risk management in the transport of petroleum product

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Ovsyannikov ◽  
A. N. Shiryaeva ◽  
D. G. Dzhindzholava ◽  
I. M. Mustafin ◽  
O. Yu. Teplouhov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Petroleum Product ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Road ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Hierarchy Analysis

The article discusses the issues of risk management in the road transport of petroleum product. We analyze the main risk assessment methodologies; propose to use the hierarchy analysis method to improve quantitative risk assess ment. The identification and assessment of risks are one of the key points in the development of preventive measures to reduce accidents. The use of traditional methods for risk analysis and assessment has a drawback in that they don't imply the possibility of ranking risk assessment criteria by importance depending on the specifics of the task being solved. Because of the fact that calculations are in relative units, the issue of ranking risks to critical, significant and insignificant is solved automatically.

Road network vulnerability to extreme floods: accessibility-based analysis and patterns of vulnerability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsolmongerel Papilloud ◽  
Andreas Zischg ◽  
Margreth Keiler
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Betweenness Centrality ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Edge Betweenness ◽  
Extreme Flood

<p>Understanding the different dimensions of vulnerability to floods is instrumental to gaining knowledge on flood impacts, to guide the development of appropriate risk analysis methods and to make critical decisions in risk management. Vulnerability assessment of complex systems, such as transportation infrastructure, demands an integrated framework to include various analytical methods to investigate the problem from the different characteristic perspectives related to their topological, functional, logic and dynamic properties. One approach to understand the impacts of transportation infrastructure disruptions on people is the accessibility-based vulnerability approach. Accessibility-based vulnerability analysis examines changes of access levels across a traffic network disrupted by floods, thereby providing insight on the impacts to a broader range of socio-economic aspects and to the society as a whole.</p><p>The presented study evaluates two different approaches. The first approach computes direct impacts and investigates different measures for extreme flood impacts to the road network. The second approach computes indirect impacts and</p><p>i) incorporates detailed information about the local road network in the accessibility-based vulnerability analysis by modifying the approach of calculating travel time between zones,</p><p>ii) includes additional contributing factors to the accessibility-based vulnerability analysis by considering residents and socio-economic opportunities in flood-affected areas,</p><p>iii) effectively identifies the most vulnerable traffic zones with respect to selected extreme flood scenarios, and</p><p>iv) investigates the influence of different spatial patterns of floods on accessibility-based vulnerability assessment.</p><p>We used three measures to assess direct flood impacts on the road network towards selecting the flood scenarios, which are representative for different flood patterns. Namely, Loss Index (LI), the total value of normalized edge betweenness centrality (Total-EBC), and the average normalized edge betweenness centrality (Mean-EBC). The Hansen integral accessibility approach was modified for two vulnerability indices considering traffic zones along with average shortest travel time as cost and applied for selected flood scenarios. The resulted vulnerability indices were additionally analyzed to identify the most vulnerable traffic zones for each approach and the spatial influence of the flood and network pattern as well as the distribution of population and opportunities. Finally, effects of the contributing factors to the vulnerability were investigated using correlation and comparison between the flood scenarios.</p><p>The results of the direct impact assessment show that different flood scenario and varying spatial extent are selected as extreme events based on Total-EBC and Mean-EBC. The comparisons of these different measures in assessing direct impact of extreme floods to road network allows to plan different services on disaster mitigation to place mitigation policies to be efficient. Most of the highly vulnerable traffic zones are related to the flood extent in these zones and affected population and opportunities in the traffic zones. However, the most remote traffic zones were also highly vulnerable in flood scenario, if some parts of the important connecting roads for these remote traffic zones were disturbed by a flood in traffic zones faraway. The overall results implicate those different types of flood scenarios could be classified into several groups according to their patterns of vulnerability.</p>

scholarly journals Modeling of Influence of Climate Change Character on the Territory of the Cryolithozone on the Value of Risks for the Road Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (07) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Yury Vasilievich Trofimenko ◽  
Anatoly Nikolaevich Yakubovich ◽  
Irina Anatolievna Yakubovich ◽  
Elena Vldimirovna Shashina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
The Road ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Warming Pattern ◽  
Soil Settlement ◽  
Predicted Risk

The level of climate risks is proposed to be estimated by the amount of thawing soil settlement in the formation of automobile roads, corresponding to the accepted scenario of the climate change. An updated algorithm is presented, according to which the average risk assessment for a 4-year period is divided into a risk assessment for individual years. Calculations performed for the climatic conditions of Yakutsk and Urengoy establish a significant dependence of the predicted risk on the warming pattern. The level of risk predicted when the average annual air temperature increases by 2 degrees is estimated as average (up to 526 points on a 1000-point scale). The most appropriate method of reducing this risk is to perform timely repairs to bring the road to the standard technical and operational condition without the use of special technologies for regulating the temperature regime of soil.

Study on City Road Network Reserve Capacity under Ice and Snow Condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
Yan Li Ma ◽  
Li Fei Han ◽  
Yu Long Pei
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
The Road ◽  
Snow Condition ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Set Up

To study the reserve capacity of city road network under ice and snow condition，the upper programming model was build on the basis of travelers’ demands on level of service, which was incarnated on capacity of links, and travel time reliability, while user equilibrium (UE) was set up in the lower programming model. Then, sensitivity analysis was applied to solve the bi-level programming model under ice and snow condition. At last, one simulation network example was given to demonstrate the practicality of the given model, and the result showed that the ice and snow condition and the travelers’ demands on level of service had great impact on the road network reserve capacity. The methodology is useful and applicable to evaluate road network under ice and snow condition and lays the foundation for capacity reliability.

Park and Ride Facility Location Research of Rail Transit Based on Bi-Level Programming Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1156-1161
Author(s):  
Xian Guang Wang ◽  
Zhen Guo Liu ◽  
Yuan Yuan Mai ◽  
Xiao Nian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Facility Location ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Central Area ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
The Road ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Assignment Method ◽  
The City

This paper seeks to build new park and ride facilities (including the location and size) as well as expand the old ones based on the super road network composed of the road network and mass rapid transit (MRT) network. Park and ride facility location model of the outskirts of the city is established grounded infusing path-based user equilibrium assignment model and multi-assignment method, which is based on minimal investments. The calculation results of the model show that park and ride facilities on the outskirts of the city can greatly reduce the road traffic in central area.

scholarly journals Integrated risk assessment due to slope instabilities at the roadway network of Gipuzkoa, Basque Country

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mavrouli ◽  
Jordi Corominas ◽  
Iñaki Ibarbia ◽  
Nahikari Alonso ◽  
Ioseba Jugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Regional Council ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transportation Corridors ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Slope Instabilities

Abstract. Transportation corridors such as roadways are often subjected to both natural instability and cut slope failure, with substantial physical damage for the road infrastructure and threat to the circulating vehicles and passengers. In the early 2000s, the Gipuzkoa Regional Council of the Basque country in Spain, marked the need for assessing the risk related to the geotechnical hazards at its road network, in order to assess and monitor their safety for the road users. The Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) was selected as a powerful tool for comparing the risk for different hazards on an objective basis. Few examples of multi-hazard risk assessment along transportation corridors exist. The methodology presented here consists in the calculation of risk in terms of probability of failure and its respective consequences, and it was applied to 95 selected points of risk (PoR) of the entire road network managed by the Gipuzkoa Regional Council. The types of encountered slope instabilities which are treated are rockfalls, retaining wall failures, slow moving landslides, and coastal erosion induced failures. The proposed methodology includes the calculation of the probability of failure for each hazard based on an extensive collection of local field data and its association with the probability of failure and the expected consequences. Instrumentation data from load cells for the anchored walls and inclinometers for the slow moving landslides were used. The expected consequences were assessed for each hazard level in terms of a fixed Unit Cost, UC. The results indicate that the risk can be comparable for the different hazards. 12% of the PoR in the study area were found to be of very high risk.

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