From Delay to Disruption: Impact of Service Degradation on Public Transport Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (10) ◽  
pp. 886-897
Author(s):  
Alessio Daniele Marra ◽  
Francesco Corman
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Service Interruption ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Choice Set Generation ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Public transport networks (PTN) are affected daily by different types of disturbances. In fact, between a single delay and a long service interruption, there is a range of disruptions with different impacts, depending on their characteristics. Despite this, in literature, the common definition of disruption is a link closure for a certain amount of time. Low interest is given to different types of disruptions or to the connection between delays and disruptions. In addition, in multimodal PTN a physical link closure is not always observable, but rather people experience delays or cancelled stops on different lines. The aim of this work is to explore the relationship between delays and disruptions, analyzing different degrees of disruptions, in relation to duration, delay, size, and network characteristics. Real disturbances of the PTNs in Zürich and Bern, Switzerland, are analyzed to identify disruptions with different characteristics. Therefore, the disruption impact is computed on simulated origin–destinations (ODs), based on the sets of possible paths with and without the disruption. For this purpose, a choice set generation algorithm is used. Finally, relationships between the disruption characteristics and the impact are analyzed to identify the main features of a disruption.

scholarly journals What, where, when, what for and how? (Reflections on Pragmatic Adaptation)

2021 ◽  
pp. 266-279
Author(s):  
Olga V. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Language Text

The article discusses the problem of choosing ways and means of pragmatic adaptation in translating a text. The relevance of the topic is due to the necessity to facilitate cross-cultural communication in view of the increased intensity and diversity of forms of international contacts. The definition of pragmatic adaptation as the actions of a translator aimed at adapting the source language text to its perception by a recipient belonging to a different culture, does not answer the questions of when and how a translator can and should change the text in order to preserve the pragmatic potential of the original. The aim of the article is to analyze the problems arising in translating texts requiring pragmatic adaptation and evaluate the impact of different types of pragmatic adaptation on reproducing the pragmatic potential of the original and achieving the possible purposes of translation. In order to do it an experiment was carried out: a text was translated in four different ways with different means used for its pragmatic adaptation, and the translations were compared. The results of the experiment show that the choice of pragmatic adaptation methods and techniques is determined not by the type of text or the type of adaptation, as is usually believed, but by the specific purpose for which the text is translated. Thus, when translating a literary text, which always contains factual, conceptual, emotional, aesthetic, and cultural information, the choice between the naturalness of the text, the preservation of the author’s style, the completeness of the content and the communication of culturally relevant information means, in fact, setting different accents. The means of pragmatic adaptation used by the translator depend entirely on the prioritization of these types of information, in other words, on the purpose of translation.

scholarly journals Artificial moral agents: an intercultural perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Michael Nagenborg
Keyword(s):  
Poor Countries ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Artificial Moral Agents ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper I will argue that artificial moral agents (AMAs) are a fitting subject of intercultural information ethics because of the impact they may have on the relationship between information rich and information poor countries. I will give a limiting definition of AMAs first, and discuss two different types of AMAs with different implications from an intercultural perspective. While AMAs following preset rules might raise con-cerns about digital imperialism, AMAs being able to adjust to their user‘s behavior will lead us to the question what makes an AMA ?moral?? I will argue that this question does present a good starting point for an inter-cultural dialogue which might be helpful to overcome the notion of Africa as a mere victim.

scholarly journals Models of evaluating the impact of changes technological and industrial areas in enterprise development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (40) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Roman Sherstiuk ◽  
Eduard Malevski ◽  
Nataliia Marynenko ◽  
Olha Pavlykivska ◽  
Liliya Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Artificial Changes

In this paper, the authors demonstrated that the industrial enterprises development is impossible without evaluating changes that occur with technological and manufacturing sector enterprises by external and internal factors. As a result of this study on the ratio of different types of external and internal changes, the authors developed a classification of typical situations in which the technological and production sphere of the enterprise. To address the evaluation of changes in the paper developed a set of models assessing the impact of natural and artificial changes to enterprise development based on consideration of the consequences of different rates of technological and industrial areas researched the company and its competitors and provides a definition of the type of the current situation in which the industrial an enterprise that provides grounds for the development of appropriate strategies and measures for its development.

scholarly journals Prioritization of Physical Assets for Maintenance and Production Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durán ◽  
Durán
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Systemic Impact ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Maintenance Decisions ◽  
Graphical Technique ◽  
Physical Assets ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Capital Intensive

Maintenance is one of the main drivers for ensuring the sustainability of manufacturing in capital-intensive production systems. However, in many cases, as a result of budgetary constraints, it is necessary to select which machines will be subject to maintenance actions on the basis of a list of priorities. Traditionally, such prioritization decisions are made using techniques which, in general, do not consider the systemic impact of maintenance actions. This paper is focused at the definition of a novel graphical technique for physical assets prioritization. This technique is aimed at establishing maintenance priorities considering the impact on the overall throughput of the production system. Due to the fact that the proposed technique is based on the well-known Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) index, its use is not only limited to measuring the effects of maintenance decisions and actions (availability), but also to operational implications (productivity and utilization). The results could be displayed graphically, which makes it particularly useful and manageable for different types of users. The methodology is illustrated though an example based on a comminution plant from the copper mine industry. It is evident how the proposed technique facilitates business-oriented and economic sustainability focused decisions.

A Differentiation of Restaurant Types Based on Customers' Perceived Attributes

2021 ◽  
pp. 491-510
Author(s):  
Bình Nghiêm-Phú ◽  
Erika DeJong Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Effective Management ◽  
Customer Reviews ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Meaningful Definition

The understanding of the differences between/among types of restaurants is important with the effective management of the involved businesses. Nonetheless, a meaningful definition and differentiation of each and every type of restaurant is largely missing. Therefore, this study aims to differentiate and define the existing categories of restaurants in a tourism and travel setting. In order to obtain this objective, this study opts to collect and analyze customer reviews to reveal the external attributes that they prioritize. From there, comparisons are made to see whether different types of restaurants are attributed to different characteristics or not. After that, definition of each type of restaurant is proposed. Using reviews about restaurants in Tokyo posted on tripadvisor.com, this study confirmed that the categorization of restaurants according to price and value is a valid and reliable practice. Definitions of restaurant types were then conceptualized. Practical and theoretical implications of this study were also discussed.

Using Interfaces to Drive Module Definition: Investigating the Impact of a New Design Dependency Measure

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangjin Jung ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson ◽  
Oyku Asikoglu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Strength ◽  
Change Resistance ◽  
Product Architecture ◽  
Logical Definition ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Optimizing Design ◽  
Interface Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Structural representations for interfaces between modules and components in a product vary widely in the literature. After reviewing several structural approaches to interface definition, a new weighted design dependency measure is described. The new representation takes into account both six different types of interfaces as well as their relative strength and frequency within a product architecture. The resulting design dependency measure provides a means for designers to quantify the change resistance in a product. In this paper, we investigate the use of this new design dependency measure to drive module identification. Specifically, we compare the resulting modules obtained by optimizing Design Structure Matrices (DSMs) using standard 0-1 representations of the interfaces to those obtained using the new design dependency measure. The results indicate that the weighted design dependency measure leads to more a logical definition of modules that maximizes within module dependencies and minimizes interactions between modules.

scholarly journals An algorithm for topology optimization of gear reducer housing elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Stoyan D. Slavov ◽  
Mariya Iv. Konsulova-Bakalova
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Optimization Software ◽  
Optimization Control ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, topology optimization methods are becoming more widely used in many engineering fields, and they are already being successfully integrated at the design stage of the different types of products. An active field of research in this area is the definition of appropriate constraints in topology optimization models in order to facilitate the production of the optimized objects. An algorithm for topology optimization of housing elements from gear reducers by using the capabilities of CAD-CAE topology optimization software is presented in the current work. The purposed algorithm is taking into account the resulting loads during operation of the reducer, the geometrical and manufacturing constraints of the production process of these housing elements. Obtained results from conducted Taguchi experimental study to investigate the impact of some topology optimization control parameters over optimized 3D-model also are shown and discussed. Conclusions on the applicability of the algorithm have been made.

Knowledge Expertise and Mass Amateurization on Internet-Based Knowledge Markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuopeng Justin Zhang ◽  
Zhen Zeng ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Few studies have investigated the emerging category of Pro-Ams and its impact on knowledge markets over the Internet. We tend to address this gap in our study. Our research proposes a formal framework of knowledge expertise with mass amateurization and analyzes its impact on Internet-based knowledge markets. Specifically, the new definition of knowledge expertise consists of three major components: primary, searching, and learning expertise. Due to the effect of mass amateurization, questions posted by knowledge seekers on Internet-based knowledge markets are more likely to be answered by knowledge providers, resulting in more knowledge transactions to be consummated. This paper also discusses the impact of mass amateurization on different types of Internet-based knowledge markets. This research provides valuable insights for practitioners to manage knowledge markets with effective policies.

scholarly journals Religious Tourism’s Impact on City Space: Service Zones around Sanctuaries

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Izabela Sołjan ◽  
Justyna Liro
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
City Space ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Model Approach

Pilgrimage centers are important elements of the spatial structure of cities and simultaneously factors influencing their transformations. The pilgrimage function of sanctuaries can lead to development of service zones around them focused mainly on serving visitors, i.e., pilgrims and tourists. They often perform functions complementary to sanctuaries. Here we present the results of studies of sanctuary service zones conducted at twenty six popular Catholic sanctuaries in Europe. In this paper, we discussed the influence of the sanctuary on city space on the macro, meso and micro scales. We proposed a definition of a sanctuary service zone, and developed a model approach to the different types: initial (slightly developed) zones, dispersed zones (integrated into the urban space, with their pilgrimage function coexisting with other urban functions), and compact zones—linear, or pilgrimage districts (with dominating pilgrimage function). The development of sanctuary service zones depends mainly on the rank of the pilgrimage center, as well as on the period in which it was founded, pilgrimage traditions, and the location of the pilgrimage center in the city. This paper is a continuation and extension of research into the impact of pilgrimage centers on city space transformations in the context of socio-cultural changes in the 20th and 21st centuries.

scholarly journals Optical solitons of space-time fractional Fokas–Lenells equation with two versatile integration architectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Raza ◽  
M. S. Osman ◽  
Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty ◽  
Sayed Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Hatem R. Besbes
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Soliton Solutions ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Soliton Dynamics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Projective Riccati Equation Method

Abstract Nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation and its variation structures assume a significant job in soliton dynamics. The soliton solutions of space-time fractional Fokas–Lenells equation with a relatively new definition of local M-derivative have been recovered by utilizing improved $\tan (\frac{\phi (\eta )}{2})$ tan ( ϕ ( η ) 2 ) -expansion method and generalized projective Riccati equation method. The obtained solutions are periodic, dark, bright, singular, rational, along with few forms of combo-soliton solutions. These solutions are given under constraints conditions which ensure their existence. The impact of local fractional parameter is featured by its graphical portrayal. 2D and 3D diagrams are drawn to illustrate the efficacy of the conformable fractional order on the behavior of some of those solutions. The secured solutions of this model have dynamic and significant justifications for some real-world physical occurrences. Our study shows that the suggested schemes are effective, reliable, and simple for solving different types of nonlinear differential equations.

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