Risk Mitigation Planning for Revenue Service Testing of Bus Automated Emergency Braking

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812098585
Author(s):  
Heidi H. Soule ◽  
Adam Davis ◽  
Andrew Krum ◽  
Yinhai Wang ◽  
Ruimin Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Executive Management ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Service Testing ◽  
Transit Buses ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Road Testing

In 2017, the Federal Transit Administration awarded Pierce Transit of Lakewood, WA, a $1.66 m grant for a bus collision avoidance and mitigation safety research and demonstration project. The project scope includes installation of an advanced technology package, the Pedestrian Avoidance Safety System (PASS) that uses light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors to trigger automated deceleration and braking. Thirty transit buses are being equipped with PASS and will be monitored using telematics to transmit and collect critical test data. The test plan includes collecting data while operating the buses in “stealth mode” with PASS detecting and logging events, but not activating brakes automatically or warning the drivers. At the conclusion of “stealth mode” operation, Pierce Transit will make a go/no-go decision on whether to activate PASS’s automatic deceleration and braking functionality for revenue service with passengers. This paper describes the risk mitigation process developed to determine if the system is safe enough to allow operation in revenue service. The process includes: broad stakeholder engagement, constituting an ad-hoc working group within Pierce Transit to advise executive management, development of decision-making criteria, consultation with state and federal officials on regulatory requirements and compliance, review of applicable standards and engineering test protocols, engineering consultations with the bus original equipment manufacturer, and road testing to simulate revenue service, collect data, and obtain feedback from drivers and maintainers.

Testing an Automated Collision Avoidance and Emergency Braking System for Buses

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Heidi H. Soule ◽  
Skip Huck ◽  
Andrew Krum ◽  
Yinhai Wang ◽  
Ruimin Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Project Data ◽  
Transportation Applications

In 2017 the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) awarded Pierce Transit of Lakewood, WA a $1.66 million grant for a bus collision avoidance and mitigation safety research and demonstration project. The project scope includes installation of an advanced technology package, the Pedestrian Avoidance Safety System (PASS) that uses lidar sensors to trigger an automated deceleration and braking system. An “alpha testing” phase included shipping a Pierce Transit bus to Blacksburg, VA for closed-course testing of PASS on Virginia Tech Transportation Institute’s (VTTI’s) Smart Road facility. In addition, VTTI developed a system to observe, measure, and analyze passenger motion during braking events. Following completion of testing at VTTI, the bus will be returned to Pierce Transit. Together with three additional buses currently being outfitted with PASS, all four will be equipped with Transit Event Logging System (TELS) video processers developed by University of Washington’s Smart Transportation Applications & Research (STAR) Lab to analyze PASS accuracy for “false positives” and “false negatives.” Upon successful completion of in-service engineering testing of the initial four buses, an additional 26 buses will be equipped with PASS and all 30 will be monitored using telematics for a year-long demonstration. This paper discusses project background and organization, describes the PASS being tested, provides an overview of the alpha testing, describes project data collection processes, and reviews the criteria and metrics being used to evaluate the system. The paper concludes with observations about lessons learned to date.

Microbial Survey of Selected Ontario-Grown Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2864-2867 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDSAY ARTHUR ◽  
SANDRA JONES ◽  
MARTHA FABRI ◽  
JOSEPH ODUMERU
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Leaf Lettuce

Recent produce-related outbreaks have been receiving heightened media coverage, which has increased public concern toward the safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. In response, the microbial contamination of Ontario-grown fresh fruits and vegetables was evaluated by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs during the summer of 2004. Prior to this survey, information specific to the microbial contamination of Ontario-produced fruits and vegetables was limited. This nonregulatory survey had two objectives: (i) to obtain a general microbiological profile of selected fruits and vegetables produced in Ontario and (ii) to use the information and knowledge gained from this survey to direct and support future on-farm food safety research and food safety programs to manage potential risks. In all, 1,183 samples, including muskmelon (151), scallions and green onions (173), leaf lettuce (263), organic leaf lettuce (112), head lettuce (155), parsley (127), cilantro (61), and fresh market tomatoes (141), were collected and analyzed. Samples were analyzed for Salmonella, Shigella, and generic E. coli. Enrichment cultures positive for E. coli were further assessed for verotoxigenicity. One sample each of Roma tomato and organic leaf lettuce were positive for Salmonella, with no samples yielding Shigella or verotoxigenic E. coli. The E. coli prevalence was highest in parsley (13.4%), followed by organic leaf lettuce (11.6%), leaf lettuce (6.5%), scallions (6.4%), cilantro (4.9%), muskmelon (1.3%), head lettuce (0%), and fresh market tomatoes (0%). These findings, in combination with foodborne illness data, will help target those commodities that require more focused risk mitigation efforts.

scholarly journals Influence of VANET System on Movement of Traffic Flows in Emergency Situations

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algimantas Kajackas ◽  
Vidas Žuraulis ◽  
Edgar Sokolovskij
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Residual Velocity ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle

The paper presents Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) system based on an analysis of the movement of a motorcade in an emergency situation. This analysis seeks to answer the question: when and under what conditions Emergency Message (EM) sent by Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) system reaches the final target to help in preventing of serious accidents, such as multi-vehicle collisions. The model of calculation based on the key principles of vehicle braking enables finding the time to possible collision and the residual velocity of the vehicle. In the calculations, the average values of the driver’s reaction time are accepted; in addition, a sent emergency message is considered to be free of interference. Upon choosing different road and driving conditions, it is found what vehicle of the motorcade stops before the possible obstacle on emergency braking. The performance of vehicles with and without VANET system is compared.

Enterprise Risk Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Stair
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Enterprise Risk Management ◽  
Executive Management ◽  
Organizational Governance ◽  
Enterprise Risk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Virtual Sales

How a company successfully implements an Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) program, to identify and manage potential risks, can mean the difference between financial freedom and financial despair. The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) guidelines, a voluntary private-sector organization in the United States, has developed internal control guidelines to provide guidance to executive management and governance entities on critical aspects of organizational governance, business ethics, internal control, fraud, and financial reporting. This chapter will discuss an approach to build an ERM implementation plan within a pharmaceutical company by outlining the responsibilities and influences of industry participants, sales forces, middle-management and senior leadership and the ways in which they focus on monitoring and developing the risk mitigation process. The influences of technologies are integrated and new directions, such as e-media and e-detailing (Virtual Sales Representatives) are also explored.

Acquiring Advanced Technology: Decision-making Strategies at Twelve Medical Centers

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul N. Weingart
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study describes decision making regarding the acquisition of technology in 12 major medical centers. The financial impact of a project was the most widely cited criterion of decision, but financial considerations were less important than either the impact of a technology on the quality of clinical care or its contribution to teaching and research. Rarely were criteria set out explicitly or in advance. Although exemplary models exist, the technology assessment process at most institutions is described as “political,” “informal,” or “ad hoc.”

scholarly journals Risk management as increased corporate governance requirement in Italian banks and insurance companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Cerrone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Financial Intermediaries ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Regulatory Requirements

The paper explores how risk management and internal audit functions can be used effectively to strengthen governance frameworks and ensure compliance with new regulatory requirements in the financial services industry. The aim of the paper is the description of the regulatory framework which gives great relevance to risk management both in banks and in insurance companies. A right and efficient risk management scheme, in fact, is based on efficient corporate governance of the financial intermediary. Better corporate governance ensures the achievement of risk management principles. For this, the paper explores the organizational and governance structure of financial intermediaries. The paper is a timely addition to the current discussion around the relevance of sound governance for banks and insurance. It extends the effort to evaluate risk governance standards at these financial intermediaries against regulatory requirements. The paper comes to the conclusion that risk mitigation as the process of reducing risk exposure and minimizing the likelihood of an incident needs to be continually addressed to ensure the business is fully protected and this aim is reached by linking controls to risks, activities, policies, and procedures and to track their effectiveness.

THE OPPORTUNITIES OF GAMIFICATION IN BUSINESS PLANNING TRAINING

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Borislav Borissov
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Business Planning ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Educational Approach

The attitude of society towards education change due to changes in the needs for education, shifts of young people's attitudes and preferences, the dynamism of life, the demand for “ad hoc” learning that saves time and practical applicability of the acquired knowledge, and the pursuit of quick professional realization. This means that the conventional training methods should either be modified or replaced with new methods that would meet these requirements. Such a new method is the gamification – an educational approach to learning by using video game design and game elements. Its goal is to maximize enjoyment and engagement through capturing the interest of learners and inspiring them to continue learning. This paper investigates some of the most popular types of computer games whose logical structures can be used to develop training games. Gamification is compared with the case-study approach in terms of automated computing, student feedback throughout the training process, changes that may be made in the course of the game to create new situations to which trainees are required to respond, achievement rate feedback, gradual increase of the game difficulty level by setting increasingly difficult tasks. The comparison clearly outlines the advantages of the new approach, viz. greater learners’ enjoyment of the learning content, improved engagement and more active participation in the learning process. The paper presents six models of computer games that can be used for training in the field of business planning in both secondary and higher schools (forecasting a company's market share, organizing production at minimal cost, profit maximization, risk mitigation, sales and output planning, and optimization of return on equity.) Each game is described in terms of the input data that should be provided to the participants at the beginning of the game, parameters that will be changed in the course of the game, restrictive conditions, and the role of the player/trainee.

scholarly journals Reliability centered maintenance actions prioritization using fuzzy inference systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Awad ◽  
Rami Afif As’ad
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reliability Centered Maintenance

Purpose Deploying an effective maintenance strategy across an organization stands out as an essential risk mitigation measure that plays a critical role toward improving the reliability and availability of production facilities. The purpose of this paper is to propose a simple, yet well-structured approach toward prioritizing maintenance actions as part of a reliability centered maintenance (RCM) implementation plan, and selecting the most important subset of those actions subject to time and budget constraints. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive RCM actions prioritization methodology is proposed using four criteria: severity, benefit to cost ratio, customer satisfaction, and easiness of action implementation. The method utilizes fuzzy inference system (FIS) to incorporate subject matter experts’ feedback into the decision-making process. The output of the FIS, which takes the form of a numerical weight that assesses the relative importance of each criterion, is then fed into a binary integer program that selects the optimal maintenance actions out of a set of possible actions. Findings The implementation of the developed methodology is demonstrated using a real-life example of a hydraulic brake system circuit that is used in construction equipment. The computational results illustrate the validity of the proposed approach and indicate that the selection of which maintenance actions to carry out is impacted by the relative importance (i.e. weight) of the considered criteria. Originality/value The work presented in this paper provides the decision makers with a systematic procedure that helps in selecting the most relevant maintenance actions instead of making the selection in a complete ad hoc manner or based merely on subjective opinions.

scholarly journals How do we prevent and mitigate crashes? Evidence from Australian at-scene in-depth crash investigations

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Doecke ◽  
James Thompson ◽  
Christopher Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Automotive Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Vehicle Technologies

The Centre for Automotive Safety Research conducts at-scene in-depth investigations of South Australian injury crashes that allow detailed analysis of the crash in order to determine the factors that contributed to the crash occurring, and the interventions that could prevent or mitigate them. This initial analysis of such a dataset (n=116) showed that the most common contributing factors are human errors, but the interventions to prevent or mitigate the crashes are most commonly infrastructure treatments or vehicle technologies that eliminate the human error and/or reduce the vehicle’s speed prior to impact in the event of a human error. It also found that most crashes can be prevented or mitigated. Key factors in meeting the goals of the safe system (zero deaths and serious injuries) were found to be: road infrastructure-based interventions at intersections (e.g. roundabouts); increased fleet penetration of the vehicle technologies Electronic Stability Control, Autonomous Emergency Braking, Emergency Braking Assist, Lane Keep Assist, Intelligent Speed Assist – Limiting; road interventions for errant vehicles that depart their lane or the road (e.g. median barriers); speed limit reductions; and a reduction in driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs.

Semiconductor manufacturing strategy: Where in the world to locate a fab or cleanroom?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 000454-000462
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Rothrock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Strategy ◽  
New Production ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Global Uncertainty

Abstract The global market for advanced technology manufacturing assets is becoming ever tighter, compelling semiconductor companies, including OSATs (outsourced semiconductor assembly and test), IDMs (integrated device manufacturers), and foundries, to carefully explore all available options when planning manufacturing operations relating to fabs, tools, and cleanrooms. Despite the semiconductor industry's optimistic growth forecasts, global uncertainty generated by the continuing trade wars between the U.S. and China is causing anxiety among advanced technology companies and forcing them to constantly rethink their manufacturing strategies – buy vs. build, best fab location, risk mitigation, local incentives, etc. In 2018, semiconductor companies showed increased renewed interest in U.S.-based manufacturing in the midst of a continued lack of 200mm and 300mm capacity. As we have seen with the recent sale of Texas Instrument's 150mm / 200mm facility in Greenock, UK to Diodes Incorporated and Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation's acquisition of GLOBALFOUNDRIES' 200mm Fab E3 in Tampines, Singapore, 200mm fabs are still in very high demand and manufacturers are becoming increasingly proactive as they look to expand capacity. In 2019, infrastructure-rich cleanroom manufacturing assets are going to continue to play an essential part in shaping these strategies to ensure global competitive advantage as more wafers are needed and more facilities are being built worldwide, particularly in China. Despite a slowdown in semiconductor mergers and acquisitions activity, the global semiconductor market will continue to consolidate as the manufacturing needs of advanced technology companies evolve with market changes. This has put a strain on manufacturing space and resulted in a number of new capital projects and expansions that may become difficult to fulfill in the current market. A shortage of existing manufacturing space means cleanrooms and operational fabs will sell at a premium. Many companies are also looking at greenfield sites with local government incentives playing an active role. Running in tandem, there is still a shortage of used and new production tools with lead times in excess of one year to purchase new fabs from OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) or equip new fabs. Drawing on some 20 years of infrastructure-rich manufacturing asset dispositions and acquisitions as well as a series of real-world fab transaction case studies, ATREG Founder, President and CEO Stephen M. Rothrock will provide insights into how to best approach manufacturing strategy decisions in the context of today's global semiconductor landscape.

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