Measuring Changes in Multimodal Travel Behavior Resulting from Transport Supply Improvement

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110031
Author(s):  
Elodie Deschaintres ◽  
Catherine Morency ◽  
Martin Trépanier
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Good News ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Spatial Attributes ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Household Travel Surveys ◽  
Transport Supply

Despite the desired transition toward sustainable and multimodal mobility, few tools have been developed either to quantify mode use diversity or to assess the effects of transportation system enhancements on multimodal travel behaviors. This paper attempts to fill this gap by proposing a methodology to appraise the causal impact of transport supply improvement on the evolution of multimodality levels between 2013 and 2018 in Montreal (Quebec, Canada). First, the participants of two household travel surveys were clustered into types of people (PeTys) to overcome the cross-sectional nature of the data. This allowed changes in travel behavior per type over a five-year period to be evaluated. A variant of the Dalton index was then applied on a series of aggregated (weighted) intensities of use of several modes to measure multimodality. Various sensitivity analyses were carried out to determine the parameters of this indicator (sensitivity to the least used modes, intensity metric, and mode independency). Finally, a difference-in-differences causal inference approach was explored to model the influence of the improvement of three alternative transport services (transit, bikesharing, and station-based carsharing) on the evolution of modal variability by type of people. The results revealed that, after controlling for different socio-demographic and spatial attributes, increasing transport supply had a significant and positive impact on multimodality. This outcome is therefore good news for the mobility of the future as alternative modes of transport emerge.

Temporal Variability of Car Use as an Input to Design of Before and After Surveys

2003 ◽  
Vol 1855 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Travel Diary ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Travel Diaries ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Larger Sample

Before and after surveys are a common method for measuring the effect of specific policies and projects designed to cause changes in travel behavior. Design issues of before and after surveys used to evaluate projects designed to change travel behavior are addressed. A quantitative understanding of the underlying variability of the parameters to be measured was needed—in particular, the variation over time in car travel by individuals and households. Since no data were available locally, a detailed analysis was made of the 6-week travel diaries from the MobiDrive survey conducted in Germany to estimate the coefficients of variation in key travel parameters. These results were then adapted for use in the presented project. Several features emerged from this analysis. First, in general, larger sample sizes are needed to detect changes in either distance traveled or travel time than for trips undertaken. Second, larger sample sizes are needed to detect changes from repeated cross-sectional surveys than from a panel survey. Third, larger sample sizes are needed to detect changes when using a daily travel diary, compared with use of a weekly travel diary (although this difference can be substantially reduced in a panel survey by maintaining the same day of the week for each household in later waves of the panel). Finally, larger sample sizes are needed to detect changes from person travel data than from household travel data. However, some of the design parameters that allow smaller sample sizes also make the survey more difficult to conduct.

Air Quality Effects of Travel Changes

1998 ◽  
Vol 1641 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Zavattero ◽  
Janice A. Ward ◽  
Christopher K. Strong
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Home Interview ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Household Travel Surveys

Travel behavior in northeastern Illinois was examined for the 20-year period between 1970 and 1990 by conducting a comparative analysis of data from the Chicago Area Transportation Study 1970 Home Interview and the 1990 Household Travel Surveys. This study identified regional travel conditions and needs and provided an overview of the changes that have occurred because of population and employment growth and behavioral shifts. By understanding travel behavior and patterns in the region and resulting congestion and air quality effects, travel reduction strategies could be developed to promote mobility and meet environmental objectives. The analysis offers insight into travel purpose, mode, location, and length while identifying characteristics of the population making those trips. Changes in travel during the 1970 to 1990 period include increased total daily trips, person miles, and private automobile use, primarily single-occupant vehicle trips; substantial growth in suburban travel; increased work trips, transit and automobile trip lengths, and trip-chaining; reduced passenger trips and automobile occupancy rates; and increased suburban transit ridership. These travel changes have increased traffic congestion and affected air quality. Advances in technology have increased vehicle efficiency. The relative contributions to emissions changes that can be attributed to technology and to underlying behavioral changes are examined. Transportation management strategies can be applied to increase the efficiency of transportation facilities and further improve regional air quality.

Who’s on Board? Examining the Changing Characteristics of Transit Riders using Latent Profile Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812098722
Author(s):  
Andrew Schouten ◽  
Brian D. Taylor ◽  
Evelyn Blumenberg
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Household Travel Surveys ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Latent Profile

Subsidies of public transit have more than doubled since the late 1980s, with a disproportionate share of funds going to rail services. These investments have important implications, including how they affect both the composition of transit users and their travel behavior. To investigate how transit users and use are changing, we use Latent Profile Analysis and data from the 2009 and 2017 National Household Travel Surveys to examine changes in transit users in the U.S. and in five major metropolitan areas. Nationwide, we find that the share of Transit Dependents grew by 17% to account for two-thirds of all transit users in 2017. These least advantaged riders were more likely over time to reside in very poor households and to be carless. There was a corresponding decline in Occasional Transit Users, for whom transit is part of a multi-modal travel profile. Higher-income, mostly car-owning Choice Transit Riders increased slightly over time but accounted for less than one in ten transit riders in 2017. Their growth was concentrated in a few large metropolitan areas where densities and land use are most transit-supportive. While increased rail transit service has shifted riders away from buses, transit’s role as a redistributive social service that provides mobility to disadvantaged travelers has grown over time. Efforts to draw more multi-modal and car-owning travelers onto transit have been less successful. As transit systems struggle to recover riders following the pandemic, transit’s waxing role of providing mobility for those without will likely become even more prominent.

Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian-Alexander Behrendt ◽  
Tilo Kölbel ◽  
Thea Schwaneberg ◽  
Holger Diener ◽  
Ralf Hohnhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

Knowledge and awareness about MERS-CoV among the dental students in Chennai

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 847-851
Author(s):  
Nithyanandham Masilamani ◽  
Dhanraj Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) induced by new ß coronavirus MERS-(CoV) had first been described in Saudi Arabia in September 2012. MERS-CoV communication inside the population is often identified with clustered households and cramped communal spaces. The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV among dental students in India. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of 100 dental college students in Chennai. The self-designed questionnaires contained ten questions focused on the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV amongst dental college students. Questionnaires were circulated through an online website survey planet. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data were collected and analyzed, .87% are aware of MERS-CoV through media 13% from professional channels. 84%are aware of the clinical manifestation of MERS-CoV. 81%Are aware of the mode of transmission of MERS-CoV. 76%are aware of the preventive measures against MERS -CoV.68%. Are aware of the incubation period of MERS-CoV. 74%aware of PCR as a diagnostic test for MERS-CoV. This study concluded that dental students had strong awareness and knowledge of MERS. Also, there are a few differences in information and behaviours that require change. Large-scale health educational programs on MERS also should be facilitated by professional organizations to expand their reach and to strengthen knowledge to have a positive impact on their behaviour.

Diversity and the Performance of Selected Financial Institutions of Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shafaque Fatima ◽  
Saqib Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nationality Diversity

Linking with the business case for diversity, this study examines whether the top management team (TMT) and the board of directors (BODs) diversity has a positive impact on financial institution (FI) performance in select countries of Asia least researched domain. We use data from 119 financial institutions across Asia for the year 2015, initially 1,447 institutions; however, incomplete data was excluded from final analysis. We use three proxies for diversity, that is, nationality diversity, gender diversity, and age diversity of TMT and BODs. To investigate the impact of TMT and BODs diversity, cross-sectional ordinary least-squares estimation is applied, using Return on Average Assets (ROAA%) as a measure of performance.  We find that nationality diversity and age diversity is positively and significantly related to FIs performance. Our evidence indicates that executives and board members with diverse exposure and younger age improve FIs profitability. However, there is no significant relationship between gender and FIs performance.

scholarly journals Stress and Its Impact on Academic and Social Life of Undergraduate University Students in Ghana: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Koawo Edjah ◽  
Francis Ankomah ◽  
Ebenezer Domey ◽  
John Ekow Laryea
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractStress is concomitant with students’ life and can have a significant impact on their lives, and even how they go about their academic work. Globally, in every five visits by patients to the doctor, three are stress-related problems. This study examined stress and its impact on the academic and social life among students of a university in Ghana. The descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. Using the stratified and simple random (random numbers) sampling methods, 500 regular undergraduate students were engaged in the study. A questionnaire made up of Perceived Stress Scale and Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale was used to gather data for the study. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with AMOS were used for the analyses. It was found that majority of the students were moderately stressed. Paramount among the stressors were academic stressors, followed by institutional stressors, and external stressors. Stress had a significant positive impact on the academic and social life of students. It was concluded that undergraduate students, in one way or the other, go through some kind of stress during the course of their study. It was recommended that the university, through its Students’ Affairs, and Counselling Sections, continue to empower students on how to manage and deal with stress in order to enhance their academic life.

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