scholarly journals Public–Private Partnership and Social Equity: An Empirical Study of the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110312
Author(s):  
Kunqi Zhang ◽  
Qingbin Cui
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
The Us ◽  
Disadvantaged Business Enterprise ◽  
Design Bid Build ◽  
Linear Regressions

Pushback for public–private partnerships (P3s) comes in part from their purported favoritism toward large firms. However, no study has empirically verified this claim. This paper examined the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) program to assess whether delivery methods play a role in the participation of minority- and women-owned firms in federally assisted transportation contracts. A sample of 134 contracts from the US Major Transportation Project Database served as the dataset to run linear regressions. Results revealed that P3 associates with higher DBE goals than design–bid–build (DBB). Plausible explanations include P3 being associated with a larger contract size, more public attention, more potential subcontracting opportunities with design included in the package, and intensified agency desire for greater diversity in DBE subcontracts. Moreover, the delivery method has an insignificant effect on DBE attainment. This paper also introduces the DBE envelope, a radar plot capable of graphically assessing DBE program implementation.

scholarly journals Menthol, Nicotine, and Flavoring Content of Capsule Cigarettes in the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Author(s):  
Liane M. Schneller ◽  
Maansi Bansal-Travers ◽  
Martin C. Mahoney ◽  
Susan E. McCann ◽  
Richard J. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Physical Design ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
The Us ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
By Products ◽  
Flavor Profile

Objectives: In this paper, we characterize physical design features of cigarette brands sold in the United States according to the delivery method of menthol that may affect sensory perception among users. Methods: We used 12 cigarette brands, mentholated and non-mentholated, for analyses of the physical design characteristics, quantification of nicotine and menthol, and identification of flavor additives. Results: Physical design characteristics did not differ significantly between the various cigarette brands. However, we found statistically significant differences in levels of menthol. Menthol levels were greatest in products that had dual delivery methods of menthol (6.7mg/cigarette; SE = 0.27) followed by products mentholated in a filter capsule only (5.7mg/cigarette; SE = 0.25), and those mentholated in the tobacco only (3.8mg/cigarette; SE = 0.12); products that were not mentholated had the least (0.38mg/cigarette; SE = 0.31). Finally, flavor additives with a mint flavor profile other than menthol were identified, such as pulegone and limonene, and differed between cigarette brands, which are likely contributing to the menthol flavor experience associated with use of these products. Conclusions: The regulation of menthol delivery method, flavorings added to the capsule, and/or menthol concentration may be beneficial for the public health as these factors are likely creating unique sensory experiences.

scholarly journals Administration of β-lactam antibiotics and delivery method correlate with intestinal abundances of Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides in early infancy, in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naruaki Imoto ◽  
Chie Kano ◽  
Yumi Aoyagi ◽  
Hiroto Morita ◽  
Fumitaka Amanuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Infancy ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Group B ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractThe intestinal microbiome changes dynamically in early infancy. Colonisation by Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and development of intestinal immunity is interconnected. We performed a prospective observational cohort study to determine the influence of antibiotics taken by the mother immediately before delivery on the intestinal microbiome of 130 healthy Japanese infants. Faecal samples (383) were collected at 1, 3, and 6 months and analysed using next-generation sequencing. Cefazolin was administered before caesarean sections, whereas ampicillin was administered in cases with premature rupture of the membranes and in Group B Streptococcus-positive cases. Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides were dominant (60–70% mean combined occupancy) at all ages. A low abundance of Bifidobacterium was observed in infants exposed to antibiotics at delivery and at 1 and 3 months, with no difference between delivery methods. A lower abundance of Bacteroides was observed after caesarean section than vaginal delivery, irrespective of antibiotic exposure. Additionally, occupancy by Bifidobacterium at 1 and 3 months and by Bacteroides at 3 months differed between infants with and without siblings. All these differences disappeared at 6 months. Infants exposed to intrapartum antibiotics displayed altered Bifidobacterium abundance, whereas abundance of Bacteroides was largely associated with the delivery method. Existence of siblings also significantly influenced the microbiota composition of infants.

Secrecy, State-Private Networks and Operational Effectiveness in Cold War Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560
Author(s):  
ERIC PULLIN
Keyword(s):  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Us Senate

Secrecy has unintended consequences. The release on 9 December 2014 of the US Senate Intelligence Committee's report on the torture of terrorism detainees focused public attention on the secret activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Regrettably, lost amidst debate over justifying or condemning state-sponsored torture is a more basic concern, the issue of state secrecy, which underlies the discussion of how governments promote national ends. Only two days after the issuance of the Senate Intelligence Committee's report, the US House of Representatives adjourned without taking action on the Freedom of Information Act reform bill – despite receiving unanimous approval in both houses. This bill would not have required complete openness, but it would have eliminated many of the arbitrary mechanisms that enable the CIA and other governmental agencies to suppress requests for information. Although the House Republican leadership failed to put the act on the legislative calendar, the Obama administration's Department of Justice also deserves opprobrium for surreptitiously opposing the act behind the scenes. The US government's disregard for establishing reasonable rules of transparency virtually guarantees that the CIA will continue to suppress its records, and thus public scrutiny of its unchecked activities, for a very long time to come.

scholarly journals Reality Show as a Type of Media Discourse (A Study of the Reality Show "Keeping Up With The Kardashians")

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
L. Ikalyuk ◽  
O. Doronyuk
Keyword(s):  
Media Discourse ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reality Show ◽  
The Us

The article focuses on defining peculiarities of the US reality show as a type of mediadiscourse. Based on a study of the reality show Keeping up with the Kardashians, an attempt has beenmade to determine intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors of creating an image of an ordinaryAmerican family in order to attract the public attention.

scholarly journals Analysis of Shortcomings Found in Most Appropriate Housing Delivery Method for Ameliorating Customer Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Delivery Performance ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Case Data

Identify most appropriate housing delivery method is one of the critical emerging issues in the developing due to poor standard of living in cities. The scale and speed of urbanization and high population growth rate in India will pose an unprecedented managerial and policy level challenge on housing quality in residential areas. On the other side many stock of house were found vacant or non-usable. Even uses of an appropriate housing delivery method, some gaps /shortcoming are identifying. If these gaps can fulfill these gaps and can enhance customer satisfaction. This study was developing by using actual construction case data in quantitative data analysis methods such as Estimate track Estimate and Analytical Hierarchical process. This research focuses on the housing areas as understand primarily by available local housing delivery methods. This aim of the research is to develop a index for evaluating housing delivery performance of housing areas to improve the customer satisfaction of existing as well as upcoming housing areas.

Energy Efficiency in French Social Housing Renovations via Design-Build-Maintain

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Tadeo Baldiri Salcedo Rahola ◽  
Ad Straub ◽  
Angela Ruiz Lázaro ◽  
Yves Galiègue
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Bonuses And Penalties ◽  
Design Bid Build

The renovation of existing building stock is seen as one the most practical ways to achieve the high energy savings targets for the built environment defined by European authorities. In France, the Grenelle environmental legislation addresses the need to renovate the building stock and specifically stresses the key role of social housing organisations. In recent years, French procurement rules have been modified in order to allow social housing organisations to make use of integrated contracts such as Design-Build-Maintain. These contracts have a greater potential to deliver energy savings in renovation projects than do traditional project delivery methods, like Design-bid-Build. This is because they facilitate collaboration between the various actors and boost their commitment to the achievement of project goals. In order to evaluate the estimated potential of such contracts to achieve energy savings, two renovation projects (carried out by two French social housing organisations) were analysed from their inception until the end of construction work. The analysis is based on written tender documents, technical evaluation reports, observations of the negotiation phase (in one of the cases) and interviews with the main actors involved. Findings show that Design-Build-Maintain contracts do indeed offer substantial energy savings. Both projects achieved higher energy targets than those initially required. Furthermore, the energy results are guaranteed by the contractor, through a system of bonuses and penalties. Other results demonstrate that, compared to previous Design-bid-Build renovation projects, these projects were completed in less time (from project inception to completion of the work) and at virtually the same cost. There has also been a substantial improvement in cooperation between the actors involved.

An “old fight”: A case study of enduring struggle in early childhood education

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-241
Author(s):  
Mark Nagasawa
Keyword(s):  
Early Care And Education ◽  
Early Care ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Bakhtinian Theory

This is a case study of political struggles over early care and education in the USA using a combination of archival, interview, and observational data from a study conducted in the US state of Arizona. This case analysis illustrates how a combination of the episodic nature of public attention paid to early care and education in the USA, internal tensions within US early care and education between its educational and caring purposes, and competition over scarce resources has worked to undermine the development of universal early care and education in the USA. The study is framed by Dorothy Holland and Jean Lave’s ideas of enduring struggles and locally contested practice, and uses an analytic strategy informed by Bakhtinian theory to illustrate how understanding the cultural logics involved in locally contested practice can be of use to the practice of policy advocacy, specifically engaging adversaries with what Bakhtin called an “excess of seeing” - understanding beneath the surface. While focused on one state in one national context, this analysis may have transnational relevance by raising comparative questions about early care and education policies and policy practice in other localities.

Effectiveness of Three Training Delivery Methods in a Voluntary Program

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (26) ◽  
pp. 1959-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Salehi ◽  
Lesley Strawderman ◽  
Yunchen Huang ◽  
Shaheen Ahmed ◽  
Kari Babski-Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Online Video ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Voluntary Programs ◽  
Volunteer Training ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Voluntary Program ◽  
Training Delivery

Different training delivery methods each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Method effectiveness is based on the characteristics of the trainees and the program itself. Voluntary programs require extra consideration as there is no direct obligation for volunteers to participate and interact with the system. This paper studies and compares three methods (online, video, and face-to-face) for delivering training in a voluntary program. Demographic characteristics affected trainees' preference for training delivery method. Also, the training delivery method significantly impacts trainees' performance, participation in the program, and trainees' perceptions regarding re-training. These issues should be considered when a volunteer training program is designed.

MULTI-OBJECTIVE DECISION-MAKING TO SELECT MULTIPLE PROJECT DELIVERY METHODS FOR MULTI-PROJECT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqiang Zeng ◽  
R. Edward Minchin ◽  
Lourdes Ptschelinzew ◽  
Yuanxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Fuzzy Variables ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Project Delivery Methods ◽  
Project Delivery Method

This paper focuses on providing a methodology to optimize the selection of multiple project delivery methods for multi-project transportation systems under uncertainty. In contrast to previous studies, this paper considers that owners sometimes divide transportation projects into sub-projects that are constrained by construction sequence. The owners’ objectives are to minimize the total project cost and duration for the whole multi-project undertaking by selecting the most appropriate project delivery method for each sub-project. The complexity of this problem is the motivation for the development of a multi-objective decision making model that can help owners evaluate and choose the appropriate project delivery method for each sub-project. The model considers three fundamental project delivery methods, i.e., design–bid–build, design–build, and construction manager-as-general contractor. The project cost and duration of each sub-project when selecting different project delivery methods are estimated by experts employed and/or retained by the owner, and regarded as fuzzy variables. Furthermore, a fuzzy simulation-based multiple objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed to find feasible Pareto solutions. Results and analysis of a numerical example are presented to highlight the performance of the model.

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