Traffic Signal Priority Control Strategy for Connected Emergency Vehicles with Dilemma Zone Protection for Freight Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110391
Author(s):  
Debashis Das ◽  
Niraj Vasant Altekar ◽  
K. Larry Head ◽  
Faisal Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Optimal Schedule ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Dilemma Zone ◽  
Emergency Vehicles ◽  
Freight Vehicles

This paper presents an emergency vehicle priority control system based on connected vehicle technology, called MMITSS priority. Traditional preemption does not consider the effect of the current traffic situation, such as the presence of a freight vehicle in the dilemma zone, on an opposing movement and can have a significant negative impact on the minor movements of vehicles. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed which can consider the priority requests from multiple emergency vehicles and dilemma zone requests from freight vehicles that could be trapped in the dilemma zone. The optimization model provides an optimal schedule that minimizes the total weighted priority request delays and dilemma zone request, as well as some flexibility to adapt to other vehicles in real time. The flexible implementation of the optimal signal timing schedule is designed to improve the mobility of the non-emergency vehicles. The approach has been tested and evaluated using microscopic traffic simulation. The simulation experiments show that the proposed priority control method is able to improve the travel time of the vehicles on the minor street while ensuring safe passage of the freight vehicle at the dilemma zone without significantly delaying the emergency vehicles. The method is implemented at the Maricopa County SMARTDrive ProgramSM test bed in Anthem, Arizona.

scholarly journals Emergency Vehicle Dispatching and Redistribution in Highway Network Based on Bilevel Programming

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Duan ◽  
Shouxin Song ◽  
Jiandong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Bilevel Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Vehicle Dispatching ◽  
Emergency Vehicles ◽  
Shuffled Frog Leaping ◽  
Bilevel Programming Model

Response time is a key factor in the emergency vehicle dispatching problem. Because regional emergency vehicles are limited, vehicle gaps will be created in the rescue station after vehicles are dispatched to several accidents, which affects quick response to the subsequent incidents. To solve this problem, a bilevel programming model for emergency vehicle dispatching and redistribution is established, of which the optimal objectives are the shortest rescue time for current accidents and the shortest time for vehicle redistribution, and the key constraints are emergency vehicle requirements and accident time windows. In the precondition of effective rescue of current accidents, emergency vehicles are redistributed according to the potential risks in the rescue station coverage area. A bilevel shuffled frog leaping algorithm is proposed to solve the bilevel programming model. The dispatching results of examples show that the model conforms to dispatching decision rule and the bilevel shuffled frog leaping algorithm can resolve the bilevel programming model fast and efficiently.

scholarly journals Variable Neighborhood Search for Parallel Machines Scheduling Problem with Step Deteriorating Jobs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenming Cheng ◽  
Peng Guo ◽  
Zeqiang Zhang ◽  
Ming Zeng ◽  
Jian Liang
Keyword(s):  
Variable Neighborhood Search ◽  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Schedule ◽  
Deteriorating Jobs ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Neighborhood Search ◽  
Scheduling Problem

In many real scheduling environments, a job processed later needs longer time than the same job when it starts earlier. This phenomenon is known as scheduling with deteriorating jobs to many industrial applications. In this paper, we study a scheduling problem of minimizing the total completion time on identical parallel machines where the processing time of a job is a step function of its starting time and a deteriorating date that is individual to all jobs. Firstly, a mixed integer programming model is presented for the problem. And then, a modified weight-combination search algorithm and a variable neighborhood search are employed to yield optimal or near-optimal schedule. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms, computational experiments are performed on randomly generated test instances. Finally, computational results show that the proposed approaches obtain near-optimal solutions in a reasonable computational time even for large-sized problems.

scholarly journals An Optimised Traffic Control Scheme with Preference to Emergency Vehicles Leveraging RFID

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Kenneth Akpado ◽  
Samuel Usoro ◽  
Nneka Ezeani
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Emergency Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
New System

Emergency Vehicles (EV) such as ambulances, fire fighting vehicles, Road safety vehicles and other emergency vehicles encounter delays on their missions at traffic light control points due to traffic jams. The direct consequence of these delays results in unwarranted loss of lives and properties.  This research work proposes and implements an improved traffic control system with preference to emergency vehicles leveraging RFID technology and a novel Dynamic Traffic Sequence Algorithm (DTSA). Atmega 328 was used to actualize the novel DTSA, control the RFID and the entire traffic control system. The distance of RFID signal transmitted by the emergency vehicle was determined by physically measuring the distance of clearer signal obtained at various distances from the test bed. MATLAB was used to plot the response time of the RFID, thereby helping in the choice of RFID used. It was observed at 100 meters distance between the RFID transmitter in the emergency vehicle (EV) and the traffic light system, a clearer signal was obtained. Therefore at 100 meters the emergency vehicle will be detected and the traffic system will reset its normal routine to give right of way to the particular lane that the emergency vehicle is detected. Comparing the old and the new system it was observed that in the new system the EV will be 12minutes faster than the EV in the old system. From the result obtained, the RFID best suited for this application is active RFID. The results obtained proved that the system will effectively mitigate and almost completely eradicate the delay encountered by emergency vehicles at traffic control points.  The system will be deployed in any many cities in Nigeria that have traffic control systems installed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nonlinear Charging Function and Line Change Constraints on Electric Bus Scheduling

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-538
Author(s):  
Aijia Zhang ◽  
Tiezhu Li ◽  
Ran Tu ◽  
Changyin Dong ◽  
Haibo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Large Deviation ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Piecewise Linear Approximation ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Bus Schedule

The recharging plans are a key component of the electric bus schedule. Since the real-world charging function of electric vehicles follows a nonlinear relationship with the charging duration, it is challenging to accurately estimate the charging time. To provide a feasible bus schedule given the nonlinear charging function, this paper proposes a mixed integer programming model with a piecewise linear charging approximation and multi-depot and multi-vehicle type scheduling. The objective of the model is to minimise the total cost of the schedule, which includes the vehicle purchasing cost and operation cost. From a practical point of view, the number of line changes of each bus is also taken as one of the constraints in the optimisation. An improved heuristic algorithm is then proposed to find high-quality solutions of the problem with an efficient computation. Finally, a real-world dataset is used for the case study. The results of using different charging functions indicate a large deviation between the linear charging function and the piecewise linear approximation, which can effectively avoid the infeasible bus schedules. Moreover, the experiments show that the proposed line change constraints can be an effective control method for transit operators.

scholarly journals Route-Based Signal Preemption Control of Emergency Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Mu ◽  
Yubo Song ◽  
Linzhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
General Society

This paper focuses on the signal preemption control of emergency vehicles (EV). A signal preemption control method based on route is proposed to reduce time delay of EV at intersections. According to the time at which EV is detected and the current phase of each intersection on the travelling route of EV, the calculation methods of the earliest start time and the latest start time of green light at each intersection are given. Consequently, the effective time range of green light at each intersection is determined in theory. A multiobjective programming model, whose objectives are the minimal residence time of EV at all intersections and the maximal passing numbers of general society vehicles, is presented. Finally, a simulation calculation is carried out. Calculation results indicate that, by adopting the signal preemption method based on route, the delay of EV is reduced and the number of society vehicles passing through the whole system is increased. The signal preemption control method of EV based on route can reduce the time delay of EV and improve the evacuation efficiency of the system.

scholarly journals Development of Degree-of-Priority Based Control Strategy for Emergency Vehicle Preemption Operation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawen Wang ◽  
Wanjing Ma ◽  
Xiaoguang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Emergency Vehicles

This paper proposes a degree-of-priority based control strategy for emergency vehicle preemption operation to decrease the impacts of emergency vehicles on normal traffic. The proposed model features its effectiveness to the following three aspects: (1) a multilayer fuzzy model was established to determine the degree-of-priority based on emergency vehicle preemption demand intensity and preemption influence intensity; (2) for emergency vehicles with proper classification, a travel time estimation model for emergency traffic was formulated, an optimal emergency route determines model based on the level of priority of emergency events, and the emergency vehicle travel time was developed to minimize evacuation time as well as minimize the adverse impacts of preemption on normal traffic; and (3) a conditional traffic signals priority control method at each intersection of the evacuation route was built, so that traffic queue at each intersection can be cleared before the arrival of emergency vehicles. A simulation model based on field data was developed, and the performance of the proposed strategy was compared with the conventional local detection based method under the microscopic simulation model. The results validated the efficiency of the proposed strategy in terms of minimizing the delay of emergency vehicles and reducing adverse impacts on normal traffic.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Emergency Vehicle Signal Preemption on Urban Traffic Speed

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualiang (Harry) Teng ◽  
Valerian Kwigizile ◽  
Gang Xie ◽  
Mohamed Kaseko ◽  
A. Reed Gibby
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Emergency Vehicles ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

We used GPS data from paratransit vehicles to evaluate the impact of emergency vehicles on urban traffic speeds. The results indicate that speed variance is significantly higher during emergency preemption and the mean speeds of traffic flowing in the same direction as the emergency vehicle and on crossing streets are lower during preemption than during normal conditions. Regression results indicate that traffic on major arterials and traffic in the opposite direction of the emergency vehicle tend to have higher speed during signal preemption. Signal preemption during peak periods and duration of preemption had a significant negative impact on traffic speeds. Also, the transition time has a negative impact on traffic speeds. The authors recommend further research on how to optimize (minimize) the preemption duration as well as transition time. Also, the impact of median type and number of lanes should be evaluated.

scholarly journals Modelling green waves for emergency vehicles using connected traffic data

10.29007/sj1m ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bieker-Walz ◽  
Michael Behrisch
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Emergency Vehicles

For emergency vehicle drivers it is an important task to reach the incident location as fast as possible. Therefore a self-organizing green wave could help emergency vehicles to accomplish this goal. This study presents an approach how emergency vehicle can be prioritized at traffic lights and simulates the possible benefit for the emergency vehicle. Traffic data from vehicular communication can be used to find the optimal timing for the traffic light to modify the existing traffic phases and reduce the possible negative impact on other traffic participants.

scholarly journals Timetabling mathematical model for an Industrial Engineering program: the case of a Colombian Higher Education Institution

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (09) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Jorge A. MERA-BANGUERO ◽  
◽  
Juan J. BRAVO-BASTIDAS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Optimal Schedule ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Industrial Engineering ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Higher Education Institution ◽  
Engineering Program ◽  
Class Divisions

This article presents a mixed integer programming model designed to organize classes, teachers and classrooms considering time slots, defining an optimal schedule for the Industrial Engineering program of a Higher Education Institution (HEI) in Colombia. 63 courses were included with requirements associated with teachers, class days, possible crossovers, class divisions, and others. The schedule generated by the model provides useful information to the institution and opens the possibility of expanding the use of the model with a greater scope.

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