Protective Nature of Platelet-Rich Plasma Against Chondrocyte Death When Combined With Corticosteroids or Local Anesthetics

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J.S. Durant ◽  
Corey R. Dwyer ◽  
Mary Beth R. McCarthy ◽  
Mark P. Cote ◽  
James P. Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chondrocyte Proliferation ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Chondrocyte Viability ◽  
Chondrocyte Death ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: The use of corticosteroids and local anesthetics to treat osteoarthritis has established benefits, including relief of pain and increased range of motion, but may also have the potential to lead to tissue atrophy or degeneration, specifically on chondrocytes. There is growing evidence that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has anti-inflammatory characteristics that can limit the cytotoxic effects of corticosteroids and local anesthetics. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of PRP in chondrocyte cultures when combined with corticosteroids or local anesthetics. The hypothesis of this study was that PRP would (1) dampen the negative effects on chondrocyte viability and (2) improve chondrocyte proliferation seen with corticosteroid or local anesthetic treatment alone. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained from 8 healthy participants, followed by centrifugation to obtain PRP. Human chondrocytes were treated with PRP alone or in combination with corticosteroids or local anesthetics. Saline (concentration of 0.9%) served as the control. Luminescence and radioactive thymidine assays were performed to examine chondrocyte viability and proliferation, respectively. Cell exposures of 0, 5, 10, and 30 minutes were used for viability and 120 hours for proliferation. Results: The presence of PRP significantly limited the negative effect on chondrocyte viability at tested time points for the examined corticosteroids and local anesthetics ( P < .05). PRP in addition to corticosteroids and local anesthetics significantly improved chondrocyte proliferation ( P < .05). Conclusion: The addition of PRP can significantly reduce the cytotoxic effects of corticosteroids and/or local anesthetics applied to chondrocytes. PRP can improve the proliferation of chondrocytes compared with corticosteroids or local anesthetics alone. Clinical Relevance: With the use of corticosteroids and local anesthetics for temporary symptomatic relief and improvement of function to treat the chronic progressive nature of osteoarthritis, long-term negative effects of these agents can be limited with the parallel use of PRP.

scholarly journals Long-term subjective memory after electroconvulsive therapy

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Sigström ◽  
Axel Nordenskjöld ◽  
Anders Juréus ◽  
Caitlin Clements ◽  
Erik Joas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Expectations

Background There have been reports of long-term subjective memory worsening after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Aims To study the prevalence and risk factors of long-term subjective memory worsening among patients receiving ECT in routine clinical practice. Method Patients (n = 535, of whom 277 were included in the final analysis) were recruited from eight Swedish hospitals. Participants' subjective memory impairment was assessed before ECT and a median of 73 days after ECT using the memory item from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Participants also rated their pre-ECT expectations and post-ECT evaluations of the effect of ECT on memory on a 7-point scale. We used ordinal regression to identify variables associated with subjective memory worsening and negative evaluations of the effect of ECT on memory. Results Comparisons of pre- and post-ECT assessments showed that subjective memory worsened in 16.2% of participants, remained unchanged in 52.3% and improved in 31.4%. By contrast, when asked to evaluate the effect of ECT on memory after treatment 54.6% reported a negative effect. Subjective memory worsening was associated with negative expectations before ECT, younger age and shorter duration of follow-up. Conclusions Although subjective memory improved more often than it worsened when assessed before and after ECT, a majority of patients reported that ECT had negative effects on their memory when retrospectively asked how ECT had affected it. This might suggest that some patients attribute pre-existing subjective memory impairment to ECT. Clinicians should be aware that negative expectations are associated with subjective worsening of memory after ECT.

scholarly journals Direct Cytotoxic and Indirect, Immune-Mediated Effects of Local Anesthetics Against Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Wu Chuang ◽  
Oliver Kepp ◽  
Guido Kroemer ◽  
Lucillia Bezu
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Oncological Surgery ◽  
Residual Cancer ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Fundamental Research

Local anesthetics are frequently employed during surgery in order to control peri- and postoperative pain. Retrospective studies have revealed an unexpected correlation between increased long-term survival and the use of local anesthetics during oncological surgery. This effect of local anesthetics might rely on direct cytotoxic effects on malignant cells or on indirect, immune-mediated effects. It is tempting to speculate, yet needs to be formally proven, that the combination of local anesthetics with oncological surgery and conventional anticancer therapy would offer an opportunity to control residual cancer cells. This review summarizes findings from fundamental research together with clinical data on the use of local anesthetics as anticancer standalone drugs or their combination with conventional treatments. We suggest that a better comprehension of the anticancer effects of local anesthetics at the preclinical and clinical levels may broadly improve the surgical treatment of cancer.

No long-term effect of intracoelomic acoustic transmitter implantation on survival, growth, and body condition of a long-lived stenotherm in the wild

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. G. Hubbard ◽  
Brendan E. Hickie ◽  
Jeff Bowman ◽  
Lee E. Hrenchuk ◽  
Paul J. Blanchfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Acoustic Transmitter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Surgical Implantation ◽  
Fish Survival

A fundamental assumption of biotelemetry studies is that there are no adverse consequences from the surgical implantation or presence of the acoustic transmitter. In fisheries, most studies have evaluated this assumption over only short time periods (<2 y) in a laboratory setting. Here we compared the survival, growth, and body condition of populations of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in three lakes containing tagged and untagged individuals over a 12-year period (2002-2013). We found no significant negative effects of acoustic telemetry tagging on the long-term survival of fish (estimates of combined annual survival ranged from 67% to 91%), and no negative effect of surgical implantation on growth or body condition for fish of either sex. Additionally, we found no significant effect of transmitter:fish mass ratio on fish survival, growth (with the exception of smaller-bodied fish in one lake), or condition. All implanted fish received tags weighing <1.25% of their mass (in water), indicating that this criterion is desirable for larger-bodied adult Lake Trout. Our findings support the assumption that long-lived fish species tagged with acoustic transmitters via intracoelomic surgery survive, grow, and maintain body condition similar to un-tagged conspecifics over the long-term in the wild.

Attributes of long-term heavy cannabis users: a case–control study

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. GRUBER ◽  
H. G. POPE ◽  
J. I. HUDSON ◽  
D. YURGELUN-TODD
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Heavy Users ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Negative Effect

Background. Although cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States, few recent American studies have examined the attributes of long-term heavy cannabis users.Method. Using a case–control design, we obtained psychological and demographic measures on 108 individuals, age 30–55, who had smoked cannabis a mean of 18000 times and a minimum of 5000 times in their lives. We compared these heavy users to 72 age-matched control subjects who had smoked at least once, but no more than 50 times in their lives.Results. We found no significant differences between the two groups on reported levels of income and education in their families of origin. However, the heavy users themselves reported significantly lower educational attainment (P<0·001) and income (P=0·003) than the controls, even after adjustment for a large number of potentially confounding variables. When asked to rate the subjective effects of cannabis on their cognition, memory, career, social life, physical health and mental health, large majorities of heavy users (66–90%) reported a ‘negative effect’. On several measures of quality of life, heavy users also reported significantly lower levels of satisfaction than controls.Conclusion. Both objective and self-report measures suggest numerous negative features associated with long-term heavy cannabis use. Thus, it seems important to understand why heavy users continue to smoke regularly for years, despite acknowledging these negative effects. Such an understanding may guide the development of strategies to treat cannabis dependence.

scholarly journals Customer Experience Management: Underexplored Instrument for Customer Transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Havíř
Keyword(s):  
Theory Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Customer Experience ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Digital Products ◽  
Customer Experience Management ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Perception Gap ◽  
Development Approach

Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to identify the role the customer experience plays in the transformation of the customer and to develop a theory that brings together related concepts in order to position the phenomenon of customer experience in the macromarketing context.Methodology/methods: The grounded theory development approach is based upon the sequential search and content analysis of the research papers acquired primarily from Scopus and Web of Science databases and by the process of citation chaining.Scientific aim: The aim of this article is to identify customer experience related concepts and relationships between them to lay the foundation for empirical research in the area of customer experience and transformation management.Findings: The research points out to the significant role of the customer experience in the transformation of the customer and therefore to the necessity to approach marketing initiatives to customer experience management thoroughly to achieve the desired marketing results, but also responsibly and ethically to promote growth not the degradation of the society.Conclusions: The cycle of the customer transformation as outlined through the conceptual model contains weak spots which can provide free space for negative effects of the company’s outputs on the customer. The trend of digitisation and digital products can significantly amplify this possibility and increase the overall negative effect. From another standpoint, several problematic spots can cause difficulties for companies intentionally trying to transform the customer through their outputs, namely intent-result gap, reality-perception gap, single-part gap, and experience-memory gap.Scientific research in this area might support the effectiveness of marketing initiatives, increase transparency in the field of customer experience and transformation, and lead to increased customers’ well-being, long-term happiness, life satisfaction, and quality of life.

scholarly journals Presence and importance of mycotoxins in pig feed

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Dragan Sefer ◽  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
Marcela Speranda
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect

Mycotoxins present a significant problem in the diet of pigs. Secondary metabolites of fungi are toxic matter that have a negative effect on health and the performance of animals, as well as on the quality of their products. The creating of mycotosins is a complex process and it is difficult to predict which toxin will be produced and in which concentration. Food is most often contaminated by low concentrations of different mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, fumonisinsi and zearalenone) which cause a series of undesired effects, depending on the amount that the animal has ingested into the organism. Mycotoxin interactions in the organism are complex, and they can have antagonistic, synergistic or a joint effect, depending on the combination and quantity in which they appear. The pig is a domestic animal which is most sensitive to the effects of mycotoxins. Long-term consumption of feed contaminated with mycotoxins results in a decline in production, a deterioration of the general health and reproductive disorders. One of the most important negative effects in pigs which receive low doses of mycotoxins in the longterm, is immunosuppression. Mycotoxins present very stable links that remain in raw materials and animal products for a long time and thus pose a major health risk for humans. .

scholarly journals Hot and sick: impacts of warming and oomycete parasite infection on endemic dominant zooplankter of Lake Baikal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Ozersky ◽  
Teofil Nakov ◽  
Stephanie E. Hampton ◽  
Nicholas L. Rodenhouse ◽  
Kirill Shchapov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Thermal Mismatch ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

AbstractClimate warming impacts ecosystems through multiple interacting pathways, including via direct thermal responses of individual taxa and the combined responses of closely interacting species. In this study we examined how warming and infection by an oomycete parasite affect the dominant zooplankter of Russia’s Lake Baikal, the endemic cold-adapted stenotherm Epischura baikalensis (Copepoda). We used a combination of laboratory experiments, long-term monitoring data and population modeling. Experiments showed large thermal mismatch between host and parasite, with strong negative effects of warm temperatures on E. baikalensis survival and reproduction and a negative synergistic effect of Saprolegnia infection. However, Saprolegnia infection had an unexpected positive effect on E. baikalensis reproductive output, which may be consistent with fecundity compensation by infected females. Long-term monitoring data showed that Saprolegnia infections were most common during the warmest periods of the year and that infected individuals tended to accumulate in deep water. Population models, parameterized with experimental and literature data, correctly predicted the timing of Saprolegnia epizootics, but overestimated the negative effect of warming on E.baikalensis populations. Models suggest that diel vertical migration may allow E. baikalensis to escape the negative effects of increasing temperatures and parasitism and enable E. baikalensis to persist as Lake Baikal warms. Our results contribute to understanding of how multiple interacting stressors affect warming pelagic ecosystems of cold lakes and oceans and show that the population-level consequences of thermal mismatch between hosts and parasites can vary seasonally, interannual and spatially.

scholarly journals Sensitivity towards elevated <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> in great scallop (<i>Pecten maximus</i> Lamarck) embryos and fed larvae

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sissel Andersen ◽  
Ellen S. Grefsrud ◽  
Torstein Harboe
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Elevated Pco2 ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Great Scallop ◽  
Scallop Larvae ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Seawater Carbonate Chemistry

Abstract. The increasing amount of dissolved anthropogenic CO2 has caused a drop in pH-values in the open ocean known as ocean acidification. This change in seawater carbonate chemistry has been shown to have a negative effect on a number of marine organisms. Early life stages are the most vulnerable, and especially the organisms that produce calcified structures in the phylum Mollusca. Few studies have looked at effects on scallops, and this is the first study presented including fed larvae of the great scallop (Pecten maximus) followed until day 14 post-fertilization. Fertilized eggs from unexposed parents were exposed to three levels of pCO2 using four replicate units: 465 (ambient), 768 and 1294 μatm, corresponding to pHNBS of 7.94, 7.74 and 7.54, respectively. All of the observed parameters were negatively affected by elevated pCO2: survival, larval development, shell growth and normal shell development. The latter was observed to be affected only two days after fertilization. Negative effects on the fed larvae at day 7 were similar to what was shown earlier for unfed P. maximus larvae. Growth rate in the group at 768 μatm seemed to decline after day 7, indicating that the ability to overcome the environmental change at moderately elevated pCO2 was lost over time. Food availability may not decrease the sensitivity to elevated pCO2 in scallop larvae. Unless genetic adaptation and acclimatization counteract the negative effects of long term elevated pCO2, populations of scallops may be negatively affected by ocean acidification in the future.

scholarly journals Examining the trade-offs between human fertility and longevity over three centuries using crowdsourced genealogy data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255528
Author(s):  
Chen-Hao Hsu ◽  
Oliver Posegga ◽  
Kai Fischbach ◽  
Henriette Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Periods

The evolution theory of ageing predicts that reproduction comes with long-term costs of survival. However, empirical studies in human species report mixed findings of the relationship between fertility and longevity, which varies by populations, time periods, and individual characteristics. One explanation underscores that changes in survival conditions over historical periods can moderate the negative effect of human fertility on longevity. This study investigates the fertility-longevity relationship in Europe during a period of rapid modernisation (seventeenth to twentieth centuries) and emphasises the dynamics across generations. Using a crowdsourced genealogy dataset from the FamiLinx project, our sample consists of 81,924 women and 103,642 men born between 1601 and 1910 across 16 European countries. Results from multilevel analyses show that higher fertility has a significantly negative effect on longevity. For both women and men, the negative effects are stronger among the older cohorts and have reduced over time. Moreover, we find similar trends in the dynamic associations between fertility and longevity across four geographical regions in Europe. Findings and limitations of this study call for further investigations into the historical dynamics of multiple mechanisms behind the human evolution of ageing.

scholarly journals Subjective Well-Being Scarring through Unemployment: New Methods, New Results?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Eberl ◽  
Matthias Collischon ◽  
Tobias Wolbring
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Unemployment Spells ◽  
Scarring Effects

Scarring effects of unemployment on subjective well-being (SWB), i.e., negative effects that remain even after workers reenter employment, are well documented in the literature. Nevertheless, the theoretical mechanisms by which unemployment leads to long-lasting negative consequences for SWB are still under debate. Thus, we theorize that unemployment can have an enduring impact mainly through (i) the experience of unemployment as an incisive life event that, for example, affects health and (ii) unemployment as a driver of future unemployment. Using advanced longitudinal modeling that controls for group-specific trends, we estimate SWB scarring through unemployment using German panel data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Our results consistently show a large negative effect of unemployment on SWB as well as significant lasting scarring effects (for both men and women as well as for short- and long-term unemployment spells). Further analyses reveal that repeated periods of unemployment drive these effects, implying that there are hardly any adaptations to unemployment that buffer its effect on SWB. We conclude that scarring effects through unemployment mainly work through unemployment increasing the probability of future unemployment. Regarding policy implications, our findings suggest that preventing unemployment, regardless of its duration, is beneficial for individual well-being.

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