scholarly journals Biomechanics Related to Increased Softball Pitcher Shoulder Stress: Implications for Injury Prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110551
Author(s):  
Kenzie B. Friesen ◽  
Michael G. Saper ◽  
Gretchen D. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Stepwise Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Distraction Force

Background: Softball pitchers exhibit high throwing shoulder distraction force, which is a theorized mechanism of throwing shoulder overuse injury. Windmill pitching involves a variety of highly individualistic pitching styles, and certain kinematics preceding ball release likely influence the amount of shoulder stress that a pitcher accrues. Purpose: To examine the association of trunk and throwing arm kinematics, kinetics, and timing variables with peak throwing shoulder distraction force in high school softball pitchers. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 37 high school pitchers (mean ± SD; height, 1.71 ± 0.06 m; weight, 75.53 ± 16.12 kg; age, 16 ± 2 years) threw 10 fastball pitches at regulation distance (43 ft [13.1 m]) and with maximum effort. Kinematic data were collected at 240 Hz using an electromagnetic motion capture system synced with motion analysis software. The 3 fastest pitches were averaged and analyzed. Kinematic, kinetic, and timing variables were entered into a stepwise linear regression analysis. Results: Four variables were included in the significant model ( F4,39 = 147.51; P < .001) and explained peak shoulder distraction force ( R2 = 0.944; adjusted R2 = 0.938; SE = 0.036): increased peak elbow distraction force ( t = 19.90; P < .001) and extension moment ( t = 3.63; P = .001), as well as decreased elbow flexion velocity ( t = −2.37; P = .023) and trunk flexion at foot contact of the pitch ( t = −3.00; P = .005). Conclusion: Elbow kinetics and angular velocity, as well as trunk positioning at foot contact, are associated with peak throwing shoulder distraction force in high school softball pitchers. Clinical Relevance: Variables associated with peak throwing shoulder distraction force provide information regarding injury mechanism and coachable cues that might reduce shoulder injury risk among pitchers.

scholarly journals Home Run Derby Participation in Major League Baseball Players: Is There Associated Injury Risk and Impact on Second-Half Performance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596712098335
Author(s):  
Steven F. DeFroda ◽  
Steven J. Staffa ◽  
Tim Keeley ◽  
Peter K. Kriz
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Major League ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Background: The Major League Baseball (MLB) All-Star Game (ASG) Home Run Derby (HRD) remains a highly anticipated event, during which contestants can take hundreds of maximum-effort swings en route to hitting a multitude of home runs. Critics have openly questioned the risk-benefit of HRD participation as it pertains to injury, alterations in swing mechanics, and timing. Purpose: To determine whether participation in the MLB ASG HRD was associated with both increased injury risk and decline in second-half performance in MLB players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: MLB players who participated in the HRD between 2006 and 2019 were identified through publicly available internet databases. A control group of ASG participants who had the highest home run totals in the first half of the corresponding MLB season were selected as a control group. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine independent associations between HRD participation and batting metrics in the second half of the season. Multivariable logistic regression also assessed the impact of HRD participation on injured list placement during the second half of the concurrent MLB season. Results: A total of 114 HRD participants and 114 ASG participant controls competed during the study period. No statistically significant differences were seen in batting metrics in the second half of the MLB season between HRD participants and ASG controls, although HRD participants had a significantly lower wins-above-replacement statistic for the season compared with controls (4.69 ± 2.06 vs 5.33 ± 2.08; P = .021). HRD participation was not significantly associated with injury during the second half. The number of HRD rounds in which a player participated did not result in a statistically significant increased odds of injury during the second half of the MLB season. Conclusion: HRD participants did not have increased odds of being placed on the injured list during the second half of the MLB season compared with controls, nor did they experience second-half performance declines in offensive production versus controls when multivariable linear regression analysis was performed.

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene Status, Periodontal Status, and Periodontal Treatment Needs among Institutionalized Intellectually Disabled Subjects in Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilima S. Kadam ◽  
Rahul Patil ◽  
Abhijit N. Gurav ◽  
Yojana Patil ◽  
Abhijeet Shete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stepwise Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index

The aim of the study was to determine influence of intellectually disability (ID) on oral hygiene status (OHS), periodontal status (PS), and periodontal treatment needs (PTNs) and investigate the association of these clinical parameters with various sociodemographic and clinical variables among multicentric institutionalized ID subjects aged 5–55 years in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by both questionnaire and clinical examination. OHS, PS, and PTNs of these subjects were assessed by recording Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs, respectively. Analysis of variance and multiple logistic and stepwise linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Of the 576 subjects examined, the mean age of the subjects was 17.50 ± 7.4 years. Subjects with profound level of ID had the highest mean OHI-S, PS, and PTNs scores of 4.47 ± 1.04, 2.84 ± 0.78, and 2.25 ± 0.44, respectively, as compared with other ID groups (P<0.0001). The present study signified that ID subjects had poor OHS and PS with the highest PTNs and were influenced by age (P<0.0001), degree of ID (P<0.0001), SES, location, institution type, and parent’s level education. The present study underlines a considerable need for prevention and treatment of periodontal disease among ID subjects in India.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga, Teman Sebaya, dan Prestasi Belajar Terhadap Minat Melanjutkan Pendidikan ke Perguruan Tinggi Siswa SMK Negeri Bisnis dan Manajemen Kota Padang

Jurnal Ecogen ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Rena Cahyati ◽  
Bustari Muchtar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High School ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
The Family

This research aims to determine the extent of the influence of family environment, peers, and learning achievement on the interest in continuing education to higher education in the XI class of accounting skills competencies in Padang City Vocational School simultaneously and partially. There are two Vocational Schools namely Padang State Vocational High School 2 and Padang State Vocational High School 3. This means that the population in this study was all students of class XI Accounting of Vocational Schools 2 Padang, amounting to 121 people and Vocational Schools 3 Padang totaling 83 people. From a total of 204 populations, the sampling method used was proportional random sampling technique with a total sample of 127 students. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. For data analysis methods used are descriptive and associative analysis and hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study showed that there were influences on the family environment, peers, and learning achievement towards the interest in continuing to higher education simultaneously at 24.8%. Partially the family environment influences the interest in continuing to higher education. Whereas peers do not influence the interest in continuing their education to college. Likewise, for learning achievement does not affect the interest in continuing to higher education.Keyword: family environment, peers, learning achievement

scholarly journals GIVING REWARD HAVE GREAT IMPACT ON JOBSATISFACTION AND TEACHER COMMITMENT AT SMA SATYA DHARMA BALUNG JEMBER

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iit Maulidah ◽  
Imam Suroso ◽  
Zainollah Zainollah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Teacher Commitment ◽  
Extrinsic Rewards ◽  
Intrinsic Rewards

The  title  of  this  research  article  is  "giving reward  has  great  impact onjobsatisfaction  and teacher commitmentat SMA Satya Dharma Balung Jember". This study aims to analyze and examine  the  effect  of  intrinsic  rewards  and  extrinsic  rewards  on  job  satisfaction  and  teacher commitment   in   SMA   Satya   Dharma   Balung Jember.   This   research   includes   causal, quantitative  research,  because  this  study  intends  to  explain  causal  relationships  (causality) between   variables   through   hypothesis   testing   that   has   been   formulated.   The   research population  is  all  high  school  teachers  of  Satya  Dharma  Balung  Jember.  The  sampling technique used is Proportional Stratified Random Sampling. The hypothesis proposed in this study  is  that  there  is  a  direct,  positive,  and  significant  influence  of  intrinsic  rewards,  and extrinsic rewards to job satisfaction and teachers commitment of SMA Satya Dharma Balung Jember. The  test  validity  of  research  instrument  used construct  validity.  Reliability  test was done with Cronbach Alpha. The method of analysis used is path analysis and the calculation process  is  approached  with  multiple  linear  regression  analysis.  The  results  showed  that intrinsic  rewards  and  extrinsic  rewards  had  a  direct,  positive,  and  significant  impact  on theteacher's job satisfactionofSatya Dharma Balung Jember high school. Intrinsic rewards, and extrinsic  rewards hada  direct,  positive,  and  significant  impact  on  the  work  commitment  of SMA Satya Dharma Balung Jember teachers.  Intrinsic rewards and extrinsic rewards hadan indirect,  positive,  and  significant  impact  on  teacher  commitment,  through  job  satisfaction. Based on the findings of this study, it is expected that the award received in accordance with what  is  perceived,  so  that  it  appears on  job  satisfaction  and  ultimately  lead  to  work commitments.

scholarly journals Influence of Parents Attention, Emotional Intelligence and Learning Motivation to Learning Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Motivation To Learn

In general this research is intended to build knowledge about the extent to which the attention of parents, emotional intelligence, motivation to learn effect student learning outcomes. Therefore, the authors make the title of research is "The Effect of Parents Attention, Emotional Intelligence and Learning Motivation of Learning Outcomes Learners Educate High School 4 Sampit at 2016/2017. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of parents' attention, emotional intelligence and motivation to learn the outcomes of learners in SMA Negeri 4 Sampit at 2016/2017. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis with 76 samples. The results showed that the attention of parents, emotional intelligence, and motivation to learn partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant impact on learning outcomes of learners.

Position Sense in the Lumbar Spine with Torso Flexion and Loading

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata K. Gade ◽  
Sara E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Back Injury ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Moment Load

Proprioception plays an important role in appropriate sensation of spine position, movement, and stability. Previous research has demonstrated that position sense error in the lumbar spine is increased in flexed postures. This study investigated the change in position sense as a function of altered trunk flexion and moment loading independently. Reposition sense of lumbar angle in 17 subjects was assessed. Subjects were trained to assume specified lumbar angles using visual feedback. The ability of the subjects to reproduce this curvature without feedback was then assessed. This procedure was repeated for different torso flexion and moment loading conditions. These measurements demonstrated that position sense error increased significantly with the trunk flexion (40%,p< .05) but did not increase with moment load (p= .13). This increased error with flexion suggests a loss in the ability to appropriately sense and therefore control lumbar posture in flexed tasks. This loss in proprioceptive sense could lead to more variable lifting coordination and a loss in dynamic stability that could increase low back injury risk. This research suggests that it is advisable to avoid work in flexed postures.

scholarly journals Automatic Analysis of Retinal Vascular Parameters for Detection of Diabetes in Indian Patients with No Retinopathy Sign

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Aliahmad ◽  
Dinesh Kant Kumar ◽  
Rajeev Jain
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Retinal Images ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Stepwise Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Branching Angle ◽  
Left And Right

This study has investigated the association between retinal vascular parameters with type II diabetes in Indian population with no observable diabetic retinopathy. It has introduced two new retinal vascular parameters: total number of branching angles (TBA) and average acute branching angles (ABA) as potential biomarkers of diabetes in an explanatory model. A total number of 180 retinal images (two (left and right) × two (ODC and MC) × 45 subjects (13 diabetics and 32 nondiabetics)) were analysed. Stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to model the association between type II diabetes with the best subset of explanatory variables (predictors), consisting of retinal vascular parameters and patients’ demographic information. P value of the estimated coefficients (P<0.001) indicated that, at α level of 0.05, the newly introduced retinal vascular parameters, that is, TBA and ABA together with CRAE, mean tortuosity, SD of branching angle, and VB, are related to type II diabetes when there is no observable sign of retinopathy.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated With Shoulder Pain and Disability Across the Lifespan of Competitive Swimmers

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Tate ◽  
Gregory N. Turner ◽  
Sarah E. Knab ◽  
Colbie Jorgensen ◽  
Andrew Strittmatter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Context: The prevalence of shoulder pain among competitive swimmers is high, but no guidelines exist to reduce shoulder injuries. Elucidating differences between swimmers with and without shoulder pain can serve as a basis for the development of a program to prevent shoulder injury that might lead to pain and dysfunction. Objective: To determine whether physical characteristics, exposure, or training variables differ between swimmers with and without shoulder pain or disability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Multisite swimming centers. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 236 competitive female swimmers aged 8 to 77 years. Data Collection and Analysis: Participants completed the Penn Shoulder Score and underwent testing of core endurance, range of motion, muscle force production, and pectoralis minor muscle length and the Scapular Dyskinesis Test. Swimmers were grouped by age for analysis: ages 8 to 11 years (n = 42), 12 to 14 years (n = 43), 15 to 19 years (high school, n = 84), and 23 to 77 years (masters, n = 67). Comparisons were made between groups with and without pain and disability using independent t tests for continuous data and χ2 analyses and Fisher exact tests for categorical data. Results: Nine (21.4%) swimmers aged 8 to 11 years, 8 (18.6%) swimmers aged 12 to 14 years, 19 (22.6%) high school swimmers, and 13 (19.4%) masters swimmers had shoulder pain and disability. Differences that were found in 2 or more age groups between athletes with and without shoulder pain and disability included greater swimming exposure, a higher incidence of previous traumatic injury and patient-rated shoulder instability, and reduced participation in another sport in the symptomatic groups (P &lt; .05). Reduced shoulder flexion motion, weakness of the middle trapezius and internal rotation, shorter pectoralis minor and latissimus, participation in water polo, and decreased core endurance were found in symptomatic females in single varying age groups (P &lt; .05). Conclusions: Female competitive swimmers have shoulder pain and disability throughout their lives. Given that exposure and physical examination findings varied between athletes with and without substantial pain and disability, a program to prevent shoulder injury that might lead to pain and dysfunction appears warranted and might include exposure reduction, cross-training, pectoral and posterior shoulder stretching, strengthening, and core endurance training.

639 Maximizing Safe Positioning of Upper Extremities after Axillary Burn Injuries to Prevent Contractures and Maintain Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S175-S176
Author(s):  
Connie Greiser ◽  
David Lorello ◽  
Dan Lyons ◽  
Karen J Richey ◽  
Derek Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Shoulder Range

Abstract Introduction Burns crossing over a joint can result in a contracture of that joint. Axillary burns and subsequent contractures are common and may impact negatively on burn survivor rehabilitation. Positioning of burned extremities at the most lengthened position is ideal for maintenance of function and contracture prevention, 90 degrees of abduction is the most accepted position for axillary burn injuries. However, many activities of daily living require shoulder range of motion (ROM) greater than 90 degrees. The primary objective of this study was to describe and examine the incidence of paresthesia, pain, and intolerance in healthy subjects when the shoulder was placed in a position of 90 degrees or greater of shoulder abduction. Methods The subject’s nondominant upper extremity (NDE) was randomly placed in a series three of positions, including: (1) 90 degrees shoulder abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction with elbow extension, forearm neutral; (2) 130 degrees shoulder abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction, 30 degrees elbow flexion, forearm neutral; (3) 150 degrees shoulder abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction, 30 degrees elbow flexion, forearm neutral. Each position was maintained for a maximum of 2 hours. Subjects experiencing subjective symptoms including paresthesia lasting longer than 1 minute, pain rated greater than 3/10, and/or intolerance 2/5 was removed from the position. All subjects received at least 30 minutes of rest between positions. Results A total of 25 subjects were enrolled, mean age was 25.8 years, the majority were female (60%) and 20% had a history of NDE shoulder injury. The right arm was the dominant extremity (DE) in 88% of subjects. There were no significant differences in ROM between the DE and NDE extremity with the exception of external shoulder rotation, 94.96⁰ vs 84.8⁰ (p=.0142). Average total splint time was 136 minutes with a range of 40 – 360 minutes. Only 1 subject successfully completed all 3 splinting periods. There were 75 individual splinting events over the 3 splinting periods, and 90% of the time the splinting was stopped early. The most common reason for stopping early was paresthesia (88%) followed by pain (7%). Conclusions The positions selected represent the routine and usual care at our burn center. Patients are routinely positioned from hours to days depending on patient need. This study demonstrated that healthy subjects were unable to tolerate positioning for even two hours.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document