scholarly journals Knowledge Gaps in Understanding the Etiology of Anemia in Indonesian Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S39-S58
Author(s):  
Kesso Gabrielle van Zutphen ◽  
Klaus Kraemer ◽  
Alida Melse-Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Folic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

Background: Anemia is a public health problem among adolescents in Indonesia. Strategies to prevent or treat anemia should be tailored to local conditions, taking into account its specific etiology and prevalence in a given setting and population group. Objective: This review aims to (1) identify and synthesize the current knowledge on the etiology of anemia among adolescents in Indonesia, (2) reveal knowledge gaps in this area, and (3) suggest directions for future research and programmatic work. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and WorldCat databases for peer-reviewed journal articles to identify which etiological factors were related to anemia among Indonesian adolescents. Research papers were reviewed and included in the review according to inclusion criteria. Results: Of 13 studies, 8 showed that anemia was associated with iron deficiency; 4 are suggestive of vitamin A deficiency; and 2 of folic acid deficiency. Five studies underscore different etiological determinants for anemia, such as malaria, protein and energy malnutrition, vitamin B2 deficiency, calcium, and vitamin C deficiency. Based on these findings, we developed a framework on knowledge gaps on the etiology of anemia among adolescents in Indonesia, divided in 3 levels of knowledge: (1) significant knowledge gaps, (2) knowledge gaps, and (3) established knowledge. Conclusions: The knowledge gaps around the etiology of anemia among Indonesian adolescents are significant. Our framework emphasizes the need for further research across all etiological factors, namely inadequate nutritional intake and absorption, genetic hemoglobin disorders, infection and inflammation, and menstrual disorders.

scholarly journals Enantiomers of Carbohydrates and Their Role in Ecosystem Interactions: A Review

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Lojkova ◽  
Valerie Vranová ◽  
Pavel Formánek ◽  
Ida Drápelová ◽  
Martin Brtnicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Ecosystem Interactions ◽  
Plant Compounds

D- and most L-enantiomers of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-containing compounds occur naturally in plants and other organisms. These enantiomers play many important roles in plants including building up biomass, defense against pathogens, herbivory, abiotic stress, and plant nutrition. Carbohydrate enantiomers are also precursors of many plant compounds that significantly contribute to plant aroma. Microorganisms, insects, and other animals utilize both types of carbohydrate enantiomers, but their biomass and excrements are dominated by D-enantiomers. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge about carbohydrate enantiomers in ecosystems with respect to both their metabolism in plants and occurrence in soils, and to identify critical knowledge gaps and directions for future research. Knowledge about the significance of D- versus L-enantiomers of carbohydrates in soils is rare. Determining the mechanism of genetic regulation of D- and L-carbohydrate metabolism in plants with respect to pathogen and pest control and ecosystem interactions represent the knowledge gaps and a direction for future research.

scholarly journals Arthropods of Canadian grasslands: a retrospective of a 40-year project of the Biological Survey of Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Floate ◽  
J.D. Shorthouse ◽  
D.J. Giberson ◽  
H.A. Cárcamo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Monograph Series ◽  
Biological Survey ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
Grassland Habitats

AbstractThe Biological Survey of Canada initiated a project in 1979 to collect and synthesise information on the native arthropod fauna of the vanishing grassland habitats of Canada. At that time, it was thought that the Canadian arthropod fauna might comprise about 66 000 species. Recent studies suggest that the fauna may exceed 100 000 species, of which >25% may occur in the Prairies Ecozone. Results of this near 40-year project have been published in four volumes of the Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands monograph series of the Biological Survey of Canada. Here, the editors of this series review the grasslands project of the Biological Survey of Canada, summarise the contents of the volumes, and discuss current knowledge on the diversity of the grasslands arthropods of Canada. Whereas information on the species richness of some groups in the Prairies Ecozone is largely complete, information on the diversity of many other groups remains sparse. Reviewing the steps between initiation and publication of the Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands series may aid development of similar projects elsewhere. Identifying knowledge gaps will direct future research efforts. Identifying the diversity of grassland arthropods, their distribution and abundance, and the ecosystem services that they provide will facilitate efforts to conserve the remaining grassland habitats in Canada.

scholarly journals Role of Human Milk Bioactives on Infants' Gut and Immune Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Carr ◽  
Misty D. Virmani ◽  
Fernanda Rosa ◽  
Daniel Munblit ◽  
Katelin S. Matazel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Optimal Health

Exclusive human milk feeding of the newborn is recommended during the first 6 months of life to promote optimal health outcomes during early life and beyond. Human milk contains a variety of bioactive factors such as hormones, cytokines, leukocytes, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, stem cells, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), microbiota, and microRNAs. Recent findings highlighted the potential importance of adding HMOs into infant formula for their roles in enhancing host defense mechanisms in neonates. Therefore, understanding the roles of human milk bioactive factors on immune function is critical to build the scientific evidence base around breastfeeding recommendations, and to enhance positive health outcomes in formula fed infants through modifications to formulas. However, there are still knowledge gaps concerning the roles of different milk components, the interactions between the different components, and the mechanisms behind health outcomes are poorly understood. This review aims to show the current knowledge about HMOs, milk microbiota, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and milk microRNAs (miRNAs) and how these could have similar mechanisms of regulating gut and microbiota function. It will also highlight the knowledge gaps for future research.

scholarly journals Engineered Nanomaterials: Knowledge Gaps in Fate, Exposure, Toxicity, and Future Directions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Ananthitha Anandan ◽  
Teresa F. Fernandes ◽  
Godwin A. Ayoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Exposure Conditions

The aim of this study is to identify current knowledge gaps in fate, exposure, and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), highlight research gaps, and suggest future research directions. Humans and other living organisms are exposed to ENMs during production or use of products containing them. To assess the hazards of ENMs, it is important to assess their physiochemical properties and try to relate them to any observed hazard. However, the full determination of these relationships is currently limited by the lack of empirical data. Moreover, most toxicity studies do not use realistic environmental exposure conditions for determining dose-response parameters, affecting the accurate estimation of health risks associated with the exposure to ENMs. Regulatory aspects of nanotechnology are still developing and are currently the subject of much debate. Synthesis of available studies suggests a number of open questions. These include (i) developing a combination of different analytical methods for determining ENM concentration, size, shape, surface properties, and morphology in different environmental media, (ii) conducting toxicity studies using environmentally relevant exposure conditions and obtaining data relevant to developing quantitative nanostructure-toxicity relationships (QNTR), and (iii) developing guidelines for regulating exposure of ENMs in the environment.

scholarly journals Urban Ecosystem Services: Current Knowledge, Gaps, and Future Research

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Alessio Russo ◽  
Giuseppe T. Cirella
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Urban Ecosystem Services ◽  
Societal Benefit ◽  
Ecosystem Conservation

The term ecosystem services was coined to describe the societal benefit that natural ecosystems provide, as well as to raise awareness about biodiversity and ecosystem conservation [...]

scholarly journals Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models: Focus on Mechanisms, Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersilia Mirabelli ◽  
Stella Elkabes
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Disease Stages

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifaceted, complex and chronic neurological disease that leads to motor, sensory and cognitive deficits. MS symptoms are unpredictable and exceedingly variable. Pain is a frequent symptom of MS and manifests as nociceptive or neuropathic pain, even at early disease stages. Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating symptoms that reduces quality of life and interferes with daily activities, particularly because conventional pharmacotherapies do not adequately alleviate neuropathic pain. Despite advances, the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain in MS remain elusive. The majority of the studies investigating the pathophysiology of MS-associated neuropathic pain have been performed in animal models that replicate some of the clinical and neuropathological features of MS. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is one of the best-characterized and most commonly used animal models of MS. As in the case of individuals with MS, rodents affected by EAE manifest increased sensitivity to pain which can be assessed by well-established assays. Investigations on EAE provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, additional investigations are warranted to better understand the events that lead to the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain in order to identify targets that can facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic interventions. The goal of the present review is to provide an overview of several mechanisms implicated in neuropathic pain in EAE by summarizing published reports. We discuss current knowledge gaps and future research directions, especially based on information obtained by use of other animal models of neuropathic pain such as nerve injury.

scholarly journals Analyzing Healthcare Facility Resilience: Scientometric Review and Knowledge Map

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzhi Li ◽  
Shuni Liao ◽  
Jingfeng Yuan ◽  
Endong Wang ◽  
Jianjun She
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Knowledge Domains

In contemporary “high-risk” society, unexpected disasters (epidemics and extreme weather) and chronic pressures (aging problems) put tremendous pressure on healthcare facilities. Enhancing the healthcare facilities' resilience ability to resist, absorb, and respond to disaster disruptions is urgent. This study presents a scientometric review for healthcare facility resilience research. A total of 374 relevant articles published between 2000 and 2020, collected from Web of Science (WoS) core collection database, Scopus database and MEDLINE database were reviewed and analyzed. The results indicated that research on resilience in healthcare facilities went through three development periods, and the research involved countries or institutions that are relatively scattered. The studies have been focused on the subject categories of engineering, public, environmental, and occupational health. The keywords of “resilience,” “hospital,” “disaster,” “healthcare,” and “healthcare facility” had the most frequency. Furthermore, based on the literature co-citation networks and content analysis, the detected seven co-citation clusters were grouped into four knowledge domains: climate change impact, strengthening resilience in response to war and epidemic, resilience assessment of healthcare facility, and the applications of information system. Moreover, the timeline view of literature reflected the evolution of each domain. Finally, a knowledge map for resilience of healthcare facilities was put forward, in which critical research contents, current knowledge gaps, and future research work were discussed. This contribution will promote researchers and practitioners to detect the hot topics, fill the knowledge gaps, and extend the body of research on resilience of healthcare facilities.

scholarly journals Bleeding in Critically Ill Children—Review of Literature, Knowledge Gaps, and Suggestions for Future Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Avniel Aran ◽  
Oliver Karam ◽  
Marianne E. Nellis
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Clinically Significant

Clinically significant bleeding complicates up to 20% of admissions to the intensive care unit in adults and is associated with severe physiologic derangements, requirement for significant interventions and worse outcome. There is a paucity of published data on bleeding in critically ill children. In this manuscript, we will provide an overview of the epidemiology and characteristics of bleeding in critically ill children, address the association between bleeding and clinical outcomes, describe the current definitions of bleeding and their respective limitations, and finally provide an overview of current knowledge gaps and suggested areas for future research.

scholarly journals Controlling implicit bias: Insights from a public health perspective

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Forscher ◽  
Patricia G. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Insight Into

Research on reducing or controlling implicit bias has been characterized by a tension between the two goals of reducing lingering intergroup disparities and gaining insight into human cognition. The tension between these two goals has created two distinct research traditions, each of which is characterized by different research questions, methods, and ultimate goals. We argue that the divisions between these research traditions are more apparent than real and that the two research traditions could be synergistic. We attempt to integrate the two traditions by arguing that implicit bias, and the disparities it is presumed to cause, is a public health problem. Based on this perspective, we identify shortcomings in our current knowledge of controlling implicit bias and provide a set of recommendations for future research.

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