scholarly journals Real-time, non-invasive thrombus detection in an extracorporeal circuit using micro-optical thrombus sensors

2020 ◽  
pp. 039139882097865
Author(s):  
Nobutomo Morita ◽  
Daisuke Sakota ◽  
Akiko Oota-Ishigaki ◽  
Ryo Kosaka ◽  
Osamu Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Flow Channel ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Extracorporeal Circuit ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Maximum Range

Introduction: Real-time, non-invasive monitoring of thrombus formation in extracorporeal circuits has yet to be achieved. To address the challenges of conventional optical thrombus detection methods requiring large devices that limit detection capacity, we developed a micro-optical thrombus sensor. Methods: The proposed micro-optical thrombus sensor can detect the intensity of light scattered by blood at wavelengths of 660 and 855 nm. Two thrombus sensors were installed on in vitro circuit: one at the rotary blood pump and one at a flow channel. To evaluate the variation in the ratio of incident light intensity at each wavelength of the two sensors, Rfluct (for 660 nm) and Ifluct (for 855 nm) were defined. Using fresh porcine blood as a working fluid, we performed in vitro tests of haematocrit (Hct) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) variation and thrombus detection. Thrombus tests were terminated after Rfluct or Ifluct showed a larger change than the maximum range of those in the Hct and SaO2 variation test. Results: In all three thrombus detection tests, Ifluct showed a larger change than the maximum range of those in the Hct and SaO2 variation test. After the tests, thrombus formation was confirmed in the pump, and there was no thrombus in the flow channel. The results indicate that Ifluct is an effective parameter for identifying the presence of a thrombus. Conclusion: Thrombus detection in an extracorporeal circuit using the developed micro-optical sensors was successfully demonstrated in an in vitro test.

scholarly journals Non-invasive, real-time reporting drug release in vitro and in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (32) ◽  
pp. 6948-6951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Zhang ◽  
Qian Yin ◽  
Jonathan Yen ◽  
Joanne Li ◽  
Hanze Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Near Infrared Fluorescence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fluorescence Dye

Anin vitroandin vivodrug-reporting system is developed for real-time monitoring of drug release via the analysis of the concurrently released near-infrared fluorescence dye.

scholarly journals Tablet Scoring: Current Practice, Fundamentals, and Knowledge Gaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Reginald Jacques ◽  
Paschalis Alexandridis
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Tablet Splitting ◽  
Vitro Test

Oral solid dosage formulations and/or tablets have remained the preferred route of administration by both patients and health care practitioners. Oral tablets are easy to administer, they are non-invasive and cause less risk adversity. Because of the lack of commercially available tablet dose options, tablets are being split or partitioned by users. Tablet scoring refers to the breakage of a tablet to attain a desired efficacy dose and is an emerging concept in the pharmaceutical industry. The primary reason for the tablet scoring practice is to adjust the dose: dose tapering or dose titrating. Other reasons for tablet partitioning are to facilitate dose administration, particularly among the pediatric and the geriatric patient population, and to mitigating the high cost of prescription drugs. The scope of this review is to: (1) evaluate the advantages and inconveniences associated with tablet scoring/portioning, and (2) identify factors in the formulation and the manufacturing of tablets that influence tablet splitting. Whereas tablet partitioning has been a common practice, there is a lack of understanding regarding the fundamentals underpinning the performance of tablets with respect to splitting. Several factors can influence tablet partitioning: tablet size, shape, and thickness. A requirement has recently been set by the European Pharmacopoeia and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the uniformity of mass of subdivided tablets. For breaking ease, an in-vivo reference test and a routinely applicable in-vitro test need to be established.

A Handheld Noninvasive Sensing Method for the Measurement of Compartment Pressures

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Flegel ◽  
K. Singal ◽  
R. Rajamani
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Magnetic Field Measurement ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Combat Casualty ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Compartment Pressures

Compartment syndrome is a major concern in cases of extremity trauma, which occur in over 70% of military combat casualty. Without treatment, compartment syndrome can lead to paralysis, loss of limb, or death. This paper focuses on the development of a handheld sensor that can be used for the non-invasive diagnosis of compartment syndrome. Analytical development of the sensing principle is first presented in which a relation is obtained between the pressure in a fluid compartment and the stiffness experienced by a handheld probe pushing on the compartment. Then a handheld sensor that can measure stiffness of an object without requiring the use of any inertial reference is presented. The handheld sensor consists of an array of three miniature force-sensing spring loaded pistons placed together on a probe. The center spring is chosen to be significantly stiffer than the side springs. The ratio of forces between the stiff and soft springs is proportional to the stiffness of the soft object against which the probe is pushed. Small mm-sized magnets on the pistons and magnetic field measurement chips are used to measure the forces in the individual pistons. Experimental results are presented using an in-vitro test rig that replicates a fluid pressure compartment. The sensor is shown to measure pressure accurately with a resolution of 0.1 psi over the range 0.75 psi to 2.5 psi.

Real-time-MR guidance for placement of a self-made fully MR-compatible atrial septal occluder: in vitro test

2002 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buecker ◽  
E. Spuentrup ◽  
R. Grabitz ◽  
F. Freudenthal ◽  
T. Schaeffter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Mr Guidance ◽  
Vitro Test

Evolution Profile for Assessing Drug-Induced Arrhythmia Using Multifunctional Cardiomyocyte-Based Biosensor

2014 ◽  
Vol 1058 ◽  
pp. 339-343
Author(s):  
Tian Xing Wang ◽  
Kai Qi Su ◽  
Ning Hu ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Myocyte Function ◽  
Beating Rate ◽  
Growth Evolution

In vitro rapid cell-based bioassay is one of the effective methods to evaluate cardio-myocyte function by characteristics of beating rate, contractility, and toxicity. In this study, rapid profile assessing drug-induced arrhythmia was studied by treating cardiomyocyte-based biosensor with some drugs, which resulted in compound-specific changes in the cardiomyocyte beating evolution profiles and growth evolution profiles. Also, rapid profile assessment of cardiomyocyte-based biosensor was also determined by several types of compoundsFrom the compound experiment results, cardiomyocyte-based biosensor with real-time cell analysis technology can monitor the cardiomyocyte beating status in a non-invasive way and indicate the potential of drug-induced arrhythmia.

Non-invasive micromechanical sensing and real-time 3D imaging of in vitro biological systems.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Mendonca ◽  
Andrew B. Matheson ◽  
Katarzyna Lis-Slimak ◽  
Akosua Anane-Adjei ◽  
Cameron Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Non Invasive

An In-vitro Model to Study Device-induced Thrombosis and Embolism:

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (02) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivaprasad Sukavaneshvar ◽  
Syed Mohammad ◽  
Kenneth Solen
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Real Time ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Prototype Device ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Time Assessment

SummaryA bovine in-vitro model was developed to investigate device-induced thromboembolism (TE) and its pharmacological intervention, using a stent as a prototype device. Emboli were assessed continuously using a light-scattering microemboli detector (LSMD). Thrombus on the stent was assessed gravimetrically at the end of the experiment. The contribution of the stent as the predominant source of detectable thromboemboli in this model was verified by placing LSMD probes upstream and downstream of the stent. The effectiveness of ethylenedinitrilo-tetraacetic-acid (EDTA) and three anti-thrombogenic agents (aspirin, dipyridamole, and tirofiban) for mitigating device-induced TE was also assessed. The results show that 1) the model has potential to study device-induced TE and the efficacy of possible interventional strategies, 2) the LSMD is capable of continuous, non-invasive, real-time assessment of embolism, 3) the assessment of embolization may constitute an important part of evaluating hemocompatibility, 4) tirofiban is effective in reducing both stent-induced thrombosis and embolism above certain concentrations.

In Vitro Evaluation of an Ultrasonic Three-Dimensional Imaging and Volume System

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Brinkley ◽  
Saundra K. Muramatsu ◽  
W. Desmond McCallum ◽  
Richard L. Popp
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Horizontal Direction ◽  
Volume Determination ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Repeatability Error ◽  
Point Determination

A method is described for developing three dimensional organ reconstructions and volumes from a series of arbitrarily oriented real time ultrasonic scans. In vitro evaluations of this method assessed the accuracy of three dimensional point determination and the accuracy of volume determination. The overall repeatability error of three dimensional point determination was found to be 0.6 cm in the horizontal direction and 0.3 cm in the vertical direction; most of this error was caused by the ultrasound resolution and errors in the 3D position locator. The accuracy of volume determination was assessed on balloons, kidneys and left ventricular molds. Thirty volume trials on 10 balloons gave 27 out of 30 calculations within 1.8 percent of true volume. Eighteen trials on 6 kidneys gave 17 out of 18 calculations within 5.1 percent of true volume. Fifteen trials on 5 human left ventricular molds gave 13 out of 15 calculations within −5.9 percent of the true volume. It is concluded that this technique provides the potential for accurate non-invasive volumes, for organs such as the heart, kidney or fetus.

scholarly journals Competition Between Pyrimorph-Sensitive and Pyrimorph-Resistant Isolates of Phytophthora capsici

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhili Pang ◽  
JingPeng Shao ◽  
Jian Hu ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Zhiwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Planta ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Vitro Test

Phytophthora capsici causes significant losses to vegetable production worldwide. Pyrimorph, a new carboxylic acid amide fungicide, has been registered to control P. capsici in China. A mutation (Q1077K) in cellulose synthase 3 has been reported to confer resistance to pyrimorph. In this study, we measured the competition between pyrimorph-resistant and pyrimorph-sensitive isolates of P. capsici. Mixed zoospore suspensions of resistant (R) and sensitive (S) isolates at five ratios (1R:9S, 3R:7S, 5R:5S, 7R:3S, and 9R:1S) were applied to carrot agar in vitro test (with five successive transfers) and to the soil surface around pepper plants in planta test (with 10 successive disease cycles). The proportion of resistant isolates was measured by a conventional assay in which single zoospore isolates recovered after transfers or disease cycles were grown on agar medium with a discriminatory concentration of pyrimorph. The results were then compared with those of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method developed here, the results were similar. Both assays showed that the competitive ability of the resistant isolates was similar to or less than that of the sensitive isolates. The real-time PCR assay developed will be useful for high-throughput analysis and monitoring the development of pyrimorph resistance in field populations of P. capsici.

scholarly journals Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors for Biomedical Applications

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1528
Author(s):  
Vera S. Ovechkina ◽  
Suren M. Zakian ◽  
Sergey P. Medvedev ◽  
Kamila R. Valetdinova
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Insight Into

One of the challenges of modern biology and medicine is to visualize biomolecules in their natural environment, in real-time and in a non-invasive fashion, so as to gain insight into their physiological behavior and highlight alterations in pathological settings, which will enable to devise appropriate therapeutic strategies. Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors constitute a class of imaging agents that enable visualization of biological processes and events directly in situ, preserving the native biological context and providing detailed insight into their localization and dynamics in cells. Real-time monitoring of drug action in a specific cellular compartment, organ, or tissue type; the ability to screen at the single-cell resolution; and the elimination of false-positive results caused by low drug bioavailability that is not detected by in vitro testing methods are a few of the obvious benefits of using genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors in drug screening. This review summarizes results of the studies that have been conducted in the last years toward the fabrication of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors for biomedical applications with a comprehensive discussion on the challenges, future trends, and potential inputs needed for improving them.

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