The Effects of Streptokinase used Intravesically on the Urothelium

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-558
Author(s):  
H. Şahin ◽  
F. Yilmaz ◽  
M. Deniz ◽  
A.F. Akay ◽  
M.K. Bircan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Intravesical Instillation ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this experimental study has been to research the effects of streptokinase instillation on the urothelium. Fifteen mature male New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 experimental groups and saline (Group 1) or streptokinase (Group 2–4) were instilled (3 ml) into the bladder in different doses for 30 minutes. The rabbits were euthanized at 30 days after intravesical instillation and cystectomy was performed. All bladders were evaluated macroscopically and histologically under light microscopy. It has been established that streptokinase has no harmful effect on the urothelium such as inflammation, fibrosis, mucosal atypia and/or thickness in the bladder wall. As a result, streptokinase instillation into the bladder to resolve clotting is a safe treatment method and seems to be a satisfactory alternative to other methods.

Antiurolithiatic effect of Cymbopogon Proximus, Alhagi Maurorum, on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in male New Zealand rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Sameh El-Nabtity
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits ◽  
Group 1

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in rabbits . Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were allocated into six equal groups (each of five): Group (1) was used as a negative control. Group(2) were administered sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection.Groups(3) and (4) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 330mg/kg of Cymbopogon proximus alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally.Groups(5) and (6) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 400mg/kg of Alhagi maurorum alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally. The period of experiment was 10 days. Blood and urine samples were collected from rabbits on the 10th day. The results recorded a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and crystalluria in Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum groups compared to sulfadimidine treated group.We conclude that Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum have a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects against sulfadimidine induced crystalluria.

scholarly journals Study of Some Parameters to Evaluate Immunization against Leishmaniasis in Golden hamsters

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Fawzia A. Al-Shanawi ◽  
Harith S. Al-Warid
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Parasite Culture ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Incubation period, smears, impression and parasite culture for each liver, spleen, foot and blood were observed along five times follow up (15,30, 45, 60, 75, 90) days after challenge infection with virulent Leishmania tropica isolate in four groups of golden hamsters, inoculated with (one, two, three) doses of different antigens as following: Group (1) inoculated with autoclaved killed Leishmania tropica, Group (2) inoculated with BCG vaccine alone while Group (3) Inoculated with mixed vaccines (autoclaved killed Leishmania + BCG) and (4) control animals inoculated with phosphate buffer saline. Group 3, was considered as the best vaccine in this study because animal inoculated with this vaccine showed the following results compared with other antigens: - No lesion appeared along 90 days of following up.- Negative foot impression and culture up to 15 and 30 days of infection respectively, - Negative spleen and liver impression up to 30 days of infection when comparing with other groups.

scholarly journals Prospective randomized double blind comparison of analgesic efficacy of single shot epidural bupivacaine with or without dexamethasone in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Anuj Jung Rayamajhi ◽  
Balbrishna Bhattarai ◽  
Birendra Prasad Shah
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Epidural Injection ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Epidural Block ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Perioperative Analgesia ◽  
Balanced Anesthesia ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Epidural block with local anaesthetic with or without additives is being used for perioperative analgesia. Various additives have been used to enhance the effect of regional blocks including epidural blocks. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding a single shot epidural dexamethasone to bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia and dose of rescue analgesics used.Methods: A prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted in 90 adult patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. The patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received 9ml of 0.5% bupivacaine plain with 1 ml of normal saline. Group 2 received 9ml of 0.5% bupivacaine plain 9 ml with 1 ml of dexamethasone (4mg). After standard balanced anesthesia technique, patients were observed in postoperative period for pain and hemodynamic variables accordingly.Results: Our study showed significantly longer duration of analgesia of 468 minutes (almost 8 hours) when dexamethasone was added to bupivacaine for single shot epidural injection compared to 271 minutes (approximately 4 and half hours) when bupivacaine alone was used (p<0.001). Consumption of rescue analgesic, Tramadol, was significantly lower in dexamethasone group in 24 hours (169.31±50.82 mg in Group 1 and 114.77±60.59mg in Group 2, p<0.001). No adverse events were noted.Conclusion: Addition of dexamethasone to bupivacaine for single shot epidural block almost doubled the duration of analgesia. Single shot epidural block using bupivacaine with addition of dexamethasone provides effective post operative analgesia and significantly reduced the postoperative rescue analgesic requirement.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 2015; 2(2): 46-51

scholarly journals PELATIHAN MENDRIBEL MEMBENTUK BINTANG MENINGKATKAN KELINCAHAN PADA SISWA SLTP DI KECAMATAN MENGWI BADUNG

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustinus Dei ◽  
I Nengah Sandi ◽  
Daniel Womsiwor
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Football Player ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Group Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Group 1

Background: The agility is very important for a football player to achieve the desired achievement. It requires training that supports the agility of the biomotoric component. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and differentiation of the training of dribbling spheres to form stars with different doses of agility. Method: This study used pre-post group design, where the subjects of junior high school students on Mengwi Badung sub-district were 48 people divided into two groups then given different treatment. Group 1 was given a training on dribbling a star ball with a length of 25 meters as many as 10 reps 2 sets. Group 2 was given training on the same track as many as 5 reps 4 sets. Each group is trained 3 times per week for six weeks. The data obtained were analyzed using t-test formula at 5% significance level. Result: The value of t arithmetic in Groups 1 and Group 2 is greater than t table (respectively 11,679> 2,069 and 8,533> 2,069). The t value of the difference between Group 1 and Group 2 is smaller than t table (1.557 <2.013). Conclusion: It was concluded that there is an effect of the training of dribbling the ball on both groups against agility but no difference in effect Training dribble ball 10 reps 2 sets and 5 reps 4 sets against agility. Suggestion: It is advisable to provide varying training on both types of training to reduce the saturation in exercise.

Dual effects of erdosteine on hemostasis via its different metabolites in young rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1644-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vefik Arica ◽  
Murat Tutanc ◽  
Oktay Hasan Ozturk ◽  
Secil Arica ◽  
Fatmagul Basarslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: In the study, we examined erdosteine’s effects on platelet functions and coagulation. Materials and methods: A total 29 young albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Control rats ( n = 6) were given saline; Group 1 rats ( n = 7) were given 3 mg/kg erdosteine by oral gavage for 3 days; Group 2 rats ( n = 7) were given 10 mg/kg erdosteine by oral gavage for 3 days; and Group 3 rats ( n = 9) were given 30 mg/kg erdosteine for 3 days. Twenty-four hours after the final dose, blood samples were drawn from a portal vein. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and international normalized ratio (INR) were measured, and platelet counts were examined in a peripheral blood smear by light microscopy. Results: PT and INR values of Group 1 increased compared to the controls but did not change in Group 3. Hemostatic parameters were not measured in Group 2 because the blood samples in Group 2’s tubes clotted rapidly. Platelet counts of the peripheral blood from Group 2 were low but were normal in other groups. Conclusion: We have concluded erdosteine may disrupt hemostasis parameters by its different metabolites in patients. Erdosteine has dual effects on hemostasis via its different metabolites, which occur in different doses.

scholarly journals Experience on the use of photodynamic therapy in vulvovaginal lichen plane

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 408-413
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Surkichin ◽  
Luidmila S. Holupova
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Anogenital Region ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Corticosteroid Drugs ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND: Lichen plane (LP) occurs in 0.5%1% of the population. The exact epidemiology of genital LP is unknown. According to various data, LP occurs in 49% of all cases of vulvar lesions. The LP of the oral cavity and the vulva occurs in 1957% of cases. The clinical forms of LP that occur in the anogenital region in women include the erosive, papulosquamous, and less often hypertrophic forms. No distinct guidelines are available for the treatment of vulvar LP. Except for the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT), no randomized controlled trials have been conducted for the treatment of erosive vulvar LP. The research results have shown that PDT can be effective in lichen plane of the oral cavity. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of PDT in women with genital LP compared to topical glucocorticosteroids. MATERIALS AND METODS: The study group included 15 patients with a diagnosis of vulvar LP. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the treatment method. Group 1 patients were treated with PDT. Group 2 patients with topical 0.05% betamethasone cream once daily for 1.5 months. RESULTS: Six months after the last procedure, the regression on the genital LP rating scale was 32% in group 1 patients and 25% in group 2 patients. The severity of pain, according to the visual analog scale, was 29% in group 1 and 22% in group 2. As for adverse events, in group 1, four patients experienced a burning sensation and dryness for 23 days after the procedure, and one patient, after two procedures, had blood discharge, which ceased after 1 day. In group 2, five patients complained of burning and dryness during treatment, two patients had acute candidiasis during treatment, and one patient had bacterial vaginosis. CONCLUSION: The use of PDT can reduce the frequency of use of corticosteroid drugs in the genital area and accordingly reduce the frequency of steroid adverse events, such as atrophy and secondary infection.

scholarly journals The Effects of Alkaloids Fraction of Cyperus esculentus on Some Biochemical Parameters and Histopathology of the Testis of Lead-Induced Toxicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Godson Emeka Anyanwu ◽  
Luqman Adepoju Hassan ◽  
Ifeanacho Ezeteonu Abireh ◽  
Nto Johnson Nto
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: This study evaluated the protective effect of alkaloids fraction of Cyperus esculentus on lead-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rat. Methodology: Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five (5) groups, (n=5). Group 1 was administered with 1ml normal saline only, group 2 was administered with 30 mg/kg of lead, group 3 was administered with 50mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead, group 4 was administered with 100 mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead, group 5 was administered 150mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead orally for 28 days. The testes of the rats were harvested on day 29 of the experiment and histological studies done using the H&E and Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) stains. Sperm parameters, sex hormones and antioxidant of testicular homogenates were analysed. Results: Histological examination of the testes revealed increased spermatogenic cells and Leydig cell proliferation in the rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 administered with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg of Alkaloids, and 30 mg/kg of lead, respectively, when compared with group 2 administered with 30 mg/kg of lead alone. Also there was significant increase in levels of serum testosterone (p < .05) in groups 3, 4, and 5 when compared with group 2. There was increase in levels of follicle stimulating hormone in groups 4, and 5 when compared with group 2. However, significant decreased in luteinizing hormone was observed in groups 3, 4 and 5. Group 2, treated with 30 mg/kg of lead only showed increased malondialdehyde levels when compared with group 1 that received 1ml normal saline. Group 3, 4, and 5, treated with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg of alkaloid plus 30 mg/kg lead, respectively, showed significant growth of seminiferous epithelium, improved sperm quality, and decreased levels of malondialdehyde (p < .05). Conclusion: This study shows that alkaloids fraction of Cyperus esculentus may have a protective effect on the testis of Wistar rat when it is exposed to toxicity from lead.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO DIFFERENT DOSES OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AS ADJUNCT TO LIDOCAINE IN INTRAVENOUS REGIONAL ANESTHESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2259-2264
Author(s):  
Diana Salam Sami ◽  
Ali Hadi Muslih
Keyword(s):  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intravenous Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Group 1

The aim: To compare the different doses of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to lidocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia. Materials and methods: Ninety patients participated in this study in Al-Yarmook teaching hospital in period between January 1st 2016 – July 1st 2016, divided randomly in to 3 groups. Group 1: received lidocaine diluted with normal saline; Group 2 – lidocaine with dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg; Group3 -lidocaine with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg. Statistical analysis was done by IBM SPSS program version 20 and Microsoft excel version 2010 , the means were compared by ANOVA methods and Dunnett t3, significancebetween groups were recorded if p value less than 0.05. Results: Dexmedetomidine was effective in decreasing the sensory block onset time and motor block onset time and prolongation of the motor and sensory recovery with no significant hemodynamic changes than is often shown by the lidocaine alone, it also prolongs the time interval for analgesic requirement after the operation. For the group 3 it was faster than in group 2 and faster than in group 1 significantly (p value < 0.001) to form a sensory block onset and motor block onset; and it took significantly more time to recover the sensation than in group 1 (p value <0.001) and 2 (p value <0.002) , and more time for motor recovery than in group 1 (p value < 0.001). Group 3 had the longest time to call for the analgesia after operation than group 2 and 3 (p value < 0.001); and group 2 also had longer time for the same process than group 1 (p value < 0.001). Conclusions: A variety of adjuvants have been used in IVRA to decrease tourniquet pain, improve block quality, and prolong analgesia after cuff deflation. Opioids are relatively ineffective and cause nausea, vomiting, and dizziness after tourniquet deflation, but several NSAIDs have been shown to be beneficial, dexmedetomidine improves block quality and postoperative analgesia.

Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Vaginal Misoprostol Prior to Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device Insertion: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaimaa G Helmy ◽  
Mohammed A El-Kadi ◽  
Mohamed E Elhodiby ◽  
Mohamed H Salama
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Vaginal Misoprostol ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of different doses of vaginal misoprostol prior to IUCD insertion among women with nulliparous cervix “those who 29never delivered-vaginally”. Study design: The current study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in the Family Planning Clinic of Ain Shams University’s Maternity Hospital Egypt. It involved women who delivered only by elective CD (cesarean delivery). One hundred and eighty women were randomized into three groups, Group 1 received misoprostol 200 mcg. Group 2 received misoprostol 100 mcg. Group 3 received placebo. The primary outcome was pain scores which were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the secondary outcome was the ease of insertion score (ES). Results VAS and ES were significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2 and group 3 (P &lt; 0.001).There was insignificant difference among the three groups as regards successful IUD insertion (P = 0.477). Duration of insertion was significantly lower in group 1 than group 2 (P &lt; 0.001). Satisfaction was significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2 and group 3 (P &lt; 0.001) Conclusion The effect of misoprostol seems to be dose-dependent. Dose of 200mcg seems to be ideal with best efficacy and with no significant increase in the adverse effects Implications: The dose of 200mcg vaginal misoprostol prior to IUD insertion in women, who had never delivered vaginally before, seems to be the most effective dose. Trail to lower the dose to100mcg significantly compromises the efficacy without remarkable benefit on the side effect profile.

scholarly journals Superoxide via Sp3 mechanism increases renal renin activity, renal AT1 receptor function, and blood pressure in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. F1478-F1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saleem ◽  
Xitao Wang ◽  
Indira Pokkunuri ◽  
Mohammad Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

We tested a hypothesis that superoxide, by inducing Sp3, increases renal renin activity, renal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) function, and blood pressure (BP) in rats. Group 1 rats were treated with vehicle, saline. Group 2 rats were treated with superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor diethylthiocarbamate (DETC). Group 3 rats were treated with DETC and an SOD mimetic, tempol. Group 4 rats were treated with tempol only. All four groups of rats were treated for 2 wk then anesthetized, and BP was recorded. Thereafter, diuresis and natriuresis in response to AT1R blocker candesartan were determined. When compared with vehicle rats, BP increased in DETC rats. The increased BP in DETC rats decreased with tempol. Diuresis and natriuresis in response to candesartan increased in controls, and this further increased in DETC rats and decreased with tempol. A second set of four groups of rats underwent the same treatment as above and were anesthetized, and their kidneys were obtained for biochemical studies. The levels of superoxide but not hydrogen peroxide increased, whereas SOD activities decreased further in the renal cortical tissues of DETC rats than vehicle rats. These effects were attenuated with tempol in DETC rats. Moreover, tissue renin activity and abundance of membranous AT1R proteins increased more in DETC rats than vehicle rats, and decreased with tempol in DETC rats. Furthermore, the levels of lysine-acetylated, but not serine-phosphorylated, Sp3 increased more in the nuclei of DETC rats than vehicle rats. The increased levels of Sp3 lysine acetylation decreased in DETC rats with tempol. Taken together, our results suggest that superoxide activates renal Sp3 via lysine acetylation increasing renin activity, AT1R function, and BP in rats.

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