Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Utility of the Dominic Interactive for Adolescents–Revised

Objectives: The Dominic Interactive for Adolescents–Revised (DIA-R) is a multimedia self-report screen for 9 mental disorders, borderline personality traits, and suicidality defined by the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5). This study aimed to examine the reliability and the validity of this instrument. Methods: French- and English-speaking adolescents aged 12 to 15 years ( N = 447) were recruited from schools and clinical settings in Montreal and were evaluated twice. The internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach alpha coefficients and the test-retest reliability by intraclass correlation coefficients. Cutoff points on the DIA-R scales were determined by using clinically relevant measures for defining external validation criteria: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Abbreviated-Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses provided accuracy estimates (area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio) to evaluate the ability of the DIA-R scales to predict external criteria. Results: For most of the DIA-R scales, reliability coefficients were excellent or moderate. High or moderate accuracy estimates from ROC analyses demonstrated the ability of the DIA-R thresholds to predict psychopathological conditions. These thresholds were generally capable to discriminate between clinical and school subsamples. However, the validity of the obsessions/compulsions scale was too low. Conclusions: Findings clearly support the reliability and the validity of the DIA-R. This instrument may be useful to assess a wide range of adolescents’ mental health problems in the continuum of services. This conclusion applies to all scales, except the obsessions/compulsions one.

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Mental Disorders in Chronically Ill Children: Parent-Child Discrepancy and Physician Identification

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.90.5.692 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 90 (5) ◽

pp. 692-696

Author(s):

Emily Harris Canning ◽

Suzanne B. Hanser ◽

Kathryn A. Shade ◽

W. Thomas Boyce

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Chronically Ill ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Child Reports ◽

Children And Parents ◽

Child Psychiatric ◽

Chronically Ill Children ◽

Threshold Criteria

Mental disorders affect 18% to 20% of children and adolescents. The rate in children with chronic illness is probably higher. This study of chronically ill children addresses the discrepancy between parent and child reports of child psychiatric disorders and the extent to which pediatricians agree with reports by children and parents regarding such problems. Eighty-three subjects, aged 9 to 18 (mean = 12.6), were recruited; they had the following diagnoses: cystic fibrosis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Subjects and one parent were interviewed separately, using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-2.1). The subject's physician completed a questionnaire asking about the presence of a range of mental disorders. Forty-one (49%) subjects reached threshold criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis, using both parent and child as informants. Psychiatric disorders were identified in only 22 subjects (54%) by the child and in 28 (68%) by parent alone. Thus, reliance on one informant resulted in failure to identify one third to one half of psychiatric disorders. Physicians' ratings agreed significantly with children's reports but not with parental reports, suggesting that physicians are sensitive to children's concerns but may underestimate the value and importance of parents' reports. Clinical and research evaluations of chronically ill children, as well as clinician identification of mental health problems, will be influenced by the choice of informant.

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Development and psychometric exploration of a semi-structured clinical interview for Misophonia

10.31234/osf.io/huxm3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel Eliza Guetta ◽

Clair Cassiello-Robbins ◽

Deepika Anand ◽

Mark Zachary Rosenthal

Keyword(s):

Mental Health Problems ◽

Clinical Interview ◽

Self Report ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Key Stakeholders ◽

Wide Range ◽

Psychometric Analyses ◽

Current Sample ◽

Measurement Approach ◽

Preliminary Support

Misophonia is a newly described disorder associated with significant emotional distress, functional impairment, and a wide range of mental health problems (e.g., mood, anxiety, and personality disorders). Although recent studies have begun to validate self-report measures of misophonia, no psychometrically validated interviews have been developed. To advance a scientific understanding of misophonia, rigorously developed structured interviews are needed as a complimentary measurement approach to self-report inventories. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to develop and begin preliminarily validating a semi-structured clinical interview for misophonia. We took an iterative, grassroots approach to item generation and interview development involving key stakeholders (i.e., misophonia sufferers, experts in the field). Initial psychometric analyses from the current sample (n = 30) evidenced excellent preliminary estimates for internal consistency, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. Results from this study provide preliminary support for the Duke Misophonia Interview, and we recommend that this interviewer-rated measure be iteratively developed and refined using larger and more diverse samples.

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The Prevalence of Mental Disorders among Clergy in São Paulo, Brazil

Journal of Psychology and Theology ◽

10.1177/009164719602400405 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 313-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisco Lotufo-Neto

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Religious Orientation ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

The Church ◽

Life Inventory ◽

Psychiatric Screening

To investigate their mental disorders prevalence, the Self-Report Psychiatric Screening Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Religious Life Inventory were mailed to 750 religious ministers. From the 207 who answered, 40 were randomly chosen and invited to a diagnostic interview using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and an open interview using the Severity of Psychosocial Stressors Scale (DSM-III-R Axis IV). During the month before the interview, mental disorders prevalence was 12.5%, and 47% received a psychiatric diagnosis when the lifetime period was considered. Their main diagnoses were Depressive Disorders (16.4%), Sleep Disorders (12.9%) and Anxiety Disorders (9.4%). Intrinsic religious orientation was associated with positive mental health, and quest orientation scores were significantly higher in the group with a larger probability of mental disorder symptoms and diagnoses. Financial problems, problems with church members and with other pastors, leadership conflicts, marital difficulties, doctrinal problems in the church, and overwork were the main identified stressors.

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Bolus Residue Scale: An Easy-to-Use and Reliable Videofluoroscopic Analysis Tool to Score Bolus Residue in Patients with Dysphagia

International Journal of Otolaryngology ◽

10.1155/2015/780197 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nathalie Rommel ◽

Charlotte Borgers ◽

Dirk Van Beckevoort ◽

Ann Goeleven ◽

Eddy Dejaeger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽

High Specificity ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Pharyngeal Wall ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Low Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Background. We aimed to validate an easy-to-use videofluoroscopic analysis tool, the bolus residue scale (BRS), for detection and classification of pharyngeal retention in the valleculae, piriform sinuses, and/or the posterior pharyngeal wall.Methods. 50 randomly selected videofluoroscopic images of 10 mL swallows (recorded in 18 dysphagia patients and 8 controls) were analyzed by 4 experts and 6 nonexpert observers. A score from 1 to 6 was assigned according to the number of structures affected by residue. Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were assessed by calculation of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for expert and nonexpert observers. Sensitivity, specificity, and interrater agreement were analyzed for different BRS levels.Results. Intrarater reproducibility was almost perfect for experts (mean ICC 0.972) and ranged from substantial to almost perfect for nonexperts (mean ICC 0.835). Interjudge agreement of the experts ranged from substantial to almost perfect (mean ICC 0.780), but interrater reliability of nonexperts ranged from substantial to good (mean 0.719). BRS shows for experts a high specificity and sensitivity and for nonexperts a low sensitivity and high specificity.Conclusions. The BRS is a simple, easy-to-carry-out, and accessible rating scale to locate pharyngeal retention on videofluoroscopic images with a good specificity and reproducibility for observers of different expertise levels.

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Reliability of Recalled Self-Report on Headache Intensity: Investigation using Ecological Momentary Assessment Technique

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01221.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 1335-1343 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

H Kikuchi ◽

K Yoshiuchi ◽

N Miyasaka ◽

K Ohashi ◽

Y Yamamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Self Report ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Headache Intensity ◽

Type Headache ◽

Ecological Momentary ◽

Momentary Assessment

Recalled evaluation of headache intensity is often affected by several factors. Recently, computerized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been developed to avoid such problems as recall bias. Here, we compared recalled headache intensity with momentary headache intensity using EMA in tension- type headache (TTH). Forty patients with TTH wore watch-type computers for 1 week to record momentary headache intensity and also rated their headache intensities by recall. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients between recalled headache intensity and indices from EMA recordings in the whole study population and in two subgroups divided by variability of momentary headache intensity. The results showed that consistency and agreement of momentary and recalled headache intensity were low, and this was especially marked in the subjects whose headache varied widely. These observations suggested that variability of headache intensity may affect recall of headache intensity and this should be taken into consideration in both clinical and research settings.

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Measuring Physical Characteristics of Housing: The Built Environment Site Survey Checklist (BESSC)

Environment and Planning B Planning and Design ◽

10.1068/b3038 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 265-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Elizabeth Burton ◽

Scott Weich ◽

Martin Blanchard ◽

Martin Prince

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Urban Forms ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Site Survey ◽

Wide Range ◽

Measurement Tools

Empirical research in the built environment field is hampered by a lack of reliable measurement tools. The authors argue that there is a need for measures of built form that are objective, descriptive, comprehensive, reliable, practical, and address all environmental scales. They outline the development of an instrument to measure physical characteristics of housing for use in a study funded by the Wellcome Trust, on the effects of regeneration on mental health. The Built Environment Site Survey Checklist (BESSC) contains a wide range of items designed to be rated by built environment specialists for individual predetermined ‘housing areas’. The interrater reliability of the BESSC was tested using the κ and weighted κ statistics for categorical variables and item rankings and intraclass correlation coefficients for continuous measures. The majority of the items were found to be reliable and, although the instrument requires further refinement, it offers substantial potential for investigation of the relative merits of alternative urban forms and the generation of research-based design guidance.

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Perceived facilitators of and barriers to mental health treatment engagement among decision-making competent adolescents in Greece

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03471-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

E. Tsamadou ◽

P. Voultsos ◽

A. Emmanouilidis ◽

G. Ampatzoglou

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Decision Making ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Well Being ◽

Drop Out ◽

Attrition Rate ◽

Negative Experiences ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Background A subset of adolescents with mental disorders are likely to have decision-making capacity that facilitates their therapy engagement. However, there are high rates of drop-out in mental health settings. Aim This study aims to identify perceived barriers to or facilitators of mental health care engagement among adolescents with decision-making competence in Greece. Methods A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews of adolescents with a wide range of mental health problems. In addition, two psychometric assessment measures were used to define who to include or exclude from the study sample. Results Positive attitudes and experiences with therapy were reported as strong (“major”) facilitators of therapy engagement for adolescents with mental disorders, whereas negative experiences with therapy were reported as strong barriers to it. Furthermore, and most importantly, a “good” adolescent-therapist relationship was reported as a strong facilitator, whereas negative experiences of participants with their therapist were reported as strong barriers. Moreover, goals such as getting rid of symptoms, improving personal well-being, and improving social skills and relationships (especially with peers) emerged as strong facilitators of therapy engagement. Importantly, the early remission of symptoms emerged from the study as a strong barrier to therapy engagement for participants. Among the weaker (“minor”) perceived facilitators were goals such as confessing to a trustworthy person, becoming able to achieve personal expectations and life goals, enhancing independence and self-esteem, and developing a positive self-image. The (active or supportive) role of family emerged as a facilitator. The stigma related to mental health emerged as both a (“minor”) facilitator of and barrier to therapy engagement for participants. Friends were reported as having a role ranging from neutral to mildly supportive. Conclusion A number of more or less strong barriers and facilitators were identified that, for the most part, were consistent with prior literature. However, the authors identified some nuances that are of clinical importance. For instance, adolescents are most likely to terminate the treatment prematurely if they experience early symptom remission. Highlighting the role of therapy in achieving their goals or improving their families’ well-being might be used by therapists to reduce the attrition rate.

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Agreement Between Proxy-Rated and Self-Reported Quality of Life for Persons With Dementia

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.840 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 262-262

Author(s):

Mariko Sakka ◽

Ayumi Igarashi ◽

Chie Fukui ◽

Maiko Noguchi-Watanabe ◽

Asa Inagaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Proxy Rating ◽

Self Reports ◽

Two Measures

Abstract While quality of life (QOL) is an important endpoint of homecare for persons with dementia (PWD), PWDs often have difficulty in articulating their QOL by themselves. Instead proxy-rating is often used. However, evidence is still scarce regarding to what extent proxy-ratings reflect actual QOL of PWDs. We examined the association between self-report QOL by PWDs and proxy-rated QOL. We conducted a questionnaire survey to PWDs who were 75 years and older, their family, and homecare nurse in charge of the PWD. Two measures were used: 1) a newly developed, 4-item self-report for QOL of PWDs, and 2) a standardized, 6-item proxy-rating dementia QOL scale. In the self-report, the PWD were asked about their daily mood or satisfaction in life in brief, easy-to-understand sentences. The self-reports and proxy-ratings were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Data from 382 PWDs, 248 family caregivers and 124 nurses were used. The mean age of PWD was 85.9 years and 60.5% were female. The proxy-rating by nurses were more strongly associated with self-reports, compared to the association between family proxy rating and self-reports (r = 0.351, p < .001; r = 0.236, p < .001, respectively). Proxy ratings by spouses and biological children were significantly associated with self-report (r = 0.257, p =.004; r =. 204, p = .006, respectively), while rating by children-in-law were not (r = 0.217, p = .160). Proxy-ratings may not be an appropriate substitute for self-report. Homecare nurses may evaluate the QOL of PWD better than their family caregiver.

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Association between mental health problems of stunted children and common mental disorders of their mothers in Brazil: A case control study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.374 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S176-S176

Author(s):

C. Miranda ◽

L. Santos ◽

C.S. Paula ◽

W. Ribeiro ◽

T. Florencio

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Conduct Problems ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Case Control ◽

Self Report ◽

Control Study

IntroductionIn deprived environments, mental health problems for both the mother and her stunted child may be related.ObjectiveTo verify possible association between a child's nutritional and mental health status with common maternal mental disorders (and associated impairment).AimsTo contribute to management of malnutrition and mental health in low-income populations.MethodsCase-control study in which 48 malnourished children (aged 48 to 72 months) were compared with 50 eutrophic children. The child's nutritional status, the children's mental health, the maternal mental health, and the associated disability were evaluated by using the WHO criteria, the “Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire” (SDQ), the “Self-Report Questionnaire”-20 (SRQ-20), and the “Sheehan Disability Scale” (SDS), respectively. In addition, selected socio-economic aspects were considered.ResultsVariables with significant odds ratio (OR) in the univariate analysis were: maternal education (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.30–6.75), number of residents in the household (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.14–0.74), number of children in the household (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10–0.61), and social class (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.02–5.18). The only SDQ dimension that tended to be associated with malnutrition was conduct problems (P = 0.08). The disability associated with probable common maternal mental disorders (CMD) also showed statistically significant association (P = 0.02). In the logistic regression, child malnutrition remained associated with child conduct problems and disability associated with probable CMD.ConclusionsConduct problems in stunted children are positively associated with CMD and related disability. Longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm these hypotheses.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Reliability and Agreement of Ratings of Ataxic Dysarthric Speech Samples With Varying Intelligibility

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3402.285 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 285-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Christine Sheard ◽

Roger D. Adams ◽

Pamela J. Davis

Keyword(s):

Speech Intelligibility ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Percent Agreement ◽

Wide Range ◽

Interjudge Reliability ◽

Ataxic Dysarthria ◽

Dysarthric Speech ◽

Source Of Error

Indices of interjudge reliability and inter- and intrajudge agreement were calculated from the ratings made by 15 experienced speech clinicians on five deviant speech dimensions with respect to 15 speakers with ataxic dysarthria. Speakers were chosen to cover a wide range of speech intelligibility (16–97%) as measured by the sentence intelligibility transcriptions of the Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech (Yorkston & Beukelman, 1981). Intraclass correlation coefficients derived from each judge on two occasions were above .6 for imprecise consonants, excess and equal stress, and harsh voice, but below .6 for distorted vowels and below .5 for irregular articulatory breakdown. The last dimension also had the lowest percent agreement for the interjudge and intrajudge comparisons. Poor speech dimension definition seems to be the most likely source of error on irregular articulatory breakdown. Judges agreed equally well in rating dysarthric speech across the range from low to high intelligibility.

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