Depressive Illnesses in Children and Adolescents: A Review of Current Concepts

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Mcconville ◽  
R.T. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of depressive illnesses in childhood and adolescence, especially over the last several years. A number of major books on the subject have now appeared, along with a large number of individual papers. This paper attempts to summarize current knowledge, and indicates developmental, age-related and other issues which still require further study.

scholarly journals ICTs Supportive and Therapeutic Contribution in Psychoemotional Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Lizeta N. Bakola ◽  
Nikolaos D. Rizos ◽  
Athanasios S. Drigas
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Made In ◽  
Normative Variation

<p>This paper aims at reviewing the supportive and therapeutic contribution of ICTs on the most common psychoemotional disorders of childhood and adolescence. The various approaches to classifying behavioral and emotional dysregulations in children and adolescents have been reviewed and the boundaries between normative variation and clinically significant presentations have been determined. Furthermore, we present the major categories of mental illnesses in children and adolescents investigating the etiology, the diagnostic criteria, the epidemiology and treatments by critically reviewing the outcomes of relevant studies. The findings indicate that significant steps have been made in this field, but it is vital to underline the need for more extended investigation in school aged children and adolescents for this purpose.</p>

scholarly journals Vitiligo: A Review

Dermatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 236 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Bergqvist ◽  
Khaled Ezzedine
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Selective Loss ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cosmetic Problem ◽  
Made In

Vitiligo, a common depigmenting skin disorder, has an estimated prevalence of 0.5–2% of the population worldwide. The disease is characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes which results in typical nonscaly, chalky-white macules. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vitiligo which is now clearly classified as an autoimmune disease. Vitiligo is often dismissed as a cosmetic problem, although its effects can be psychologically devastating, often with a considerable burden on daily life. In 2011, an international consensus classified segmental vitiligo separately from all other forms of vitiligo, and the term vitiligo was defined to designate all forms of nonsegmental vitiligo. This review summarizes the current knowledge on vitiligo and attempts to give an overview of the future in vitiligo treatment.

scholarly journals The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1056-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenther Ruhl ◽  
Sebastian Wittmann ◽  
Matthias Koenig ◽  
Daniel Neumaier
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Metal Contact ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Dielectric Substrates ◽  
Graphene Synthesis ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Made In

Since 2004 the field of graphene research has attracted increasing interest worldwide. Especially the integration of graphene into microelectronic devices has the potential for numerous applications. Therefore, we summarize the current knowledge on this aspect. Surveys show that considerable progress was made in the field of graphene synthesis. However, the central issue consists of the availability of techniques suitable for production for the deposition of graphene on dielectric substrates. Besides, the encapsulation of graphene for further processing while maintaining its properties poses a challenge. Regarding the graphene/metal contact intensive research was done and recently substantial advancements were made towards contact resistances applicable for electronic devices. Generally speaking the crucial issues for graphene integration are identified today and the corresponding research tasks can be clearly defined.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise and Geriatric Depression: An Opinion

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
João Moutão ◽  
Eric Murillo-Rodriguez ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

Depression represents a common public health problem in the world. Depression in the elderly appears to follow a vulnerability-stress model, with an interaction between individual vulnerabilities, including genetic factors, age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes, and a variety of stressful events that occur more frequently in advanced ages, such as grief, financial problems, and reduction in autonomy/functionality. In the last decades, several studies have indicated that exercise can be effective in preventing or reducing depressive symptoms, both in healthy and psychiatric populations. Due to the scientific community's interest in the efficacy and safety of physical exercise as complementary therapy for depressed elderly patients, we conduct an opinion study on the subject. Despite the researchers' efforts, in the last decades little progress has been made in verifying the efficacy of exercise in geriatric depression.

scholarly journals Characteristics, correlates, and outcomes of childhood and adolescent depressive disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Full Potential

Depressive illness beginning early in life can have serious developmental and functional consequences. Therefore, understanding the disorder during this developmental stage is critical for determining its etiology and course, as well as for developing effective intervention strategies. This paper summarizes current knowledge regarding the etiology, phenomenology, correlates, natural course, and consequences of unipolar depression in children and adolescents. Using adult depression as a framework, the unique aspects of childhood and adolescence are considered in order to better understand depression within a developmental context. The data suggest that the clinical presentation, correlates, and natural course of depression are remarkably similar across the lifespan. There are, however, important developmental differences. Specifically, the familial and psychological context in which depression develops in youngsters is associated with variability in the frequency and nature of depressive symptoms and comorbid conditions among children and adolescents. Maturational differences have also been identified in the neurobiological correlates of depression. These developmental differences may be associated with the observed variability in clinical response to treatment and longitudinal course. Characterization of the developmental differences will be helpful in developing more specific and effective interventions for youngsters, thereby allowing them to reach their full potential as adults.

scholarly journals The probability of excitation by electron-impact in neon

1929 ◽  
Vol 122 (790) ◽  
pp. 430-442 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Impact ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Jump ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

The importance of “transition-probabilities” in modern physics is steadily increasing, and our knowledge of them has of late also made considerable progress; the values of several of them have now even been calculated directly by the wave-mechanics. The probability of excitation of a quantum-jump by electron-impact is, however, a noticeably backward branch of the subject: not only is it as yet almost untouched by theory; the experimental determinations are also somewhat scanty, more especially in the case of the inert gases. It is therefore of interest that some recent data of Townsend and McCallum allow an estimate to be made in the case of neon. It is not indeed possible to obtain from them the probability of any definite excitation, but a sort of “average of the sum of all probabilities” can be evaluated with fair certainty. The problem has not been attempted by the authors, and appears in fact difficult to treat by methods hitherto published; the line here developed seems to be new.

Management of Emotional Problems of Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-544
Author(s):  
HERBERT I. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Adolescent Sexuality ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Comprehensive Treatise ◽  
The Subject

This book is a comprehensive treatise of the subject matter but is happily couched in such a simple prose that it is a pleasure to read. After a thorough-going discussion of the normal aspects of childhood and adolescence the author elaborates upon the usual adjustment problems encountered in these years. He inclines to be somewhat gingerly in his treatment of adolescent sexuality and its problems, which actually compose a much larger area of adolescent concern that one would surmise from this book.

Physical Health Concerns of the Patient, the Family and the Carer

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (S2) ◽  
pp. S34-S36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McCrae
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Global Management ◽  
The Family ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
Made In

AbstractPhysical health monitoring is crucial in the light of current knowledge about the risks associated with schizophrenia and its treatment. Cooperation between psychiatrists, patients and informal carers can significantly enhance patient wellbeing in this regard. Moreover, an advocacy approach elevates patients from being passive recipients of care to active participants in an integrated system that has outcome benefits for all stakeholders. Considerable progress is being made in this regard, although there is still a long way to go to maximise the benefits of carer involvement in the global management of schizophrenia.

An update on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in children and adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Szczapa-Jagustyn ◽  
Anna Gotz-Więckowska ◽  
Jarosław Kocięcki
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Graves Orbitopathy ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
Close Cooperation

AbstractBackground:Risk of developing thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) in children and adolescents is similar or may be even slightly higher than in adults. The aim of this article is to review and summarize current knowledge regarding diagnostic and therapeutic measures in pediatric TAO.Content:MEDLINE and EMBASE papers were searched using the terms ‘pediatric Graves’ ophthalmopathy’ ‘pediatric Graves’ orbitopathy’, ‘thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in childhood and adolescence’ from the year 1970 to December 2015.Summary:TAO usually accompanies hyperthyreosis in Graves’ disease, but may also occur in patients with hypothyreosis due to chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease) or in euthyroid patients. Current information regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptoms and treatment of TAO in children and adolescents is presented. The course of the disease is usually mild, eye disturbances often regress after restoring euthyroidism and a ‘wait and see’ policy is appropriate in the majority of patients. In rare cases, sight-threatening complications [dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) or corneal breakdown] may develop and immediate surgical intervention might become necessary.Outlook:Close cooperation between pediatric endocrinologists and opthalmologists is extremely important to ensure best care and quality of life in patients with thyroid gland dysfunction. Further investigations on pathogenesis and course of TAO in children and adolescents should be performed for better management of this disease in this group of patients.

Parasite proteinases and amino acid metabolism: possibilities for chemotherapeutic exploitation

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. COOMBS ◽  
J. C. MOTTRAM
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Personal View ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
Good Coverage ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Parasite enzymes involved in proteolysis and amino acid metabolism have attracted considerable attention over the last decade. Nevertheless, current knowledge is extensive for just a few parasites and several enzymes. Most enzymes remain largely unexplored. This review concentrates upon a selection of the better studied enzymes and the potentially valuable approaches now being adopted in their study. We present a personal view on the most suitable strategies for exploiting this area of parasite biochemistry with novel antiparasite drugs. The content of the review reflects our own work and interests, but we have aimed to include a sufficiently broad range of topics so that this overview serves as a useful introduction for those new to the subject.There have been several reviews that provide good coverage of the appropriate literature (Barrett, 1991; McKerrow et al. 1993; North & Lockwood, 1995; Sakanari et al. 1995; Robertson et al. 1996; Vial, 1996; Coombs & Mottram, 1997; Walker & Barrett, 1997), therefore we detail here just some of the publications and refer readers to the reviews quoted for further information. This treatise mainly highlights progress made in studies with parasitic protozoa. Parasitic worms present more difficult problems for drug designers and there has been only limited progress to date in this area of biochemistry; we include here mention of just some of the more exciting advances so far.

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