Cultural Barriers to Environmental Mobilization in the Republic of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-793
Author(s):  
Ş. İlgü Özler ◽  
Brian K. Obach
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Environmental Mobilization ◽  
Turkish Case ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The Republic of Turkey provides an opportunity to examine how aspects of national culture can foster sentiments contrary to environmental mobilization. Two deeply rooted cultural values embedded at the founding of the Turkish Republic, a commitment to developmentalism and a strong suspicion of foreign interference, have served to undermine the Turkish environmental movement. Calls for environmental protection are perceived by many as foreign-inspired efforts to inhibit economic development and keep Turkey subservient to more developed nations. In addition, the Turkish case reveals how cultural division can divert attention from issues such as environmental protection. The country is characterized by sharp social boundaries between secularists and more conservative Islamists. This profound cultural divide taints all attempts at issue-based mobilization, including that around environmental protection. An analysis of interview data from 50 environmental movement leaders and government officials demonstrates how deeply held cultural values and social division serve to undermine environmental mobilization.

scholarly journals The Architecture of Mevlevi Buildings, One of the Dervish Houses in the Ottoman Geography

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Hasan Şehmuz Haştemoğlu ◽  
Engin Kepenek
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Islamic Architecture ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The Mevlevism order was established in the Seljuk period in Anatolia in the thirteenth century. After the death of Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi, his son Sultan Veled systemized his father's thoughts and created his own rules and brought the rituals to a ceremony in the form of sema ceremonies. Sultan Veled gave the name “Mevlevism” to his sect and was called “Mevlevihan” to his Dervish Houses. Nearly 140 Mevlevihane building was established in a wide geography which its east is in Tabriz (Iran), west is in Pecu (Hungary), north is in Gözleve (Ukraine), South is in Cairo (Egypt) and Mecca in Saudi Arabia. Nearly 80 of these Dervish Houses remained in the Republic of Turkey. After the declaration of Turkish Republic, these Dervish Houses were closed in 1925 by the law of “closure Tekkes and Zaviyes”, no. 677. There are two kinds of Mevlevihan, which are “Asitane” and “Zaviye”. Mevlevihan called Asitane are the main Dergahs which are full-fledged and has removing “ordeal” possibilities. The number of Asitane constructions is around 15 in all Mevlevihan buildings. Another Mevlevihan building is Zaviye. Zaviye were ruled by Mevlevi, who has the title of “şeyh” and “dede”. Many of the Mevlevihan become a historical monument because of their architectural style and construction date. However, most of these structures have been ruined over the years. Apart from a small number of Mevlevihan, which was established as "Külliye", "Semahane" parts of these Mevlevihan were used as mosques and remained up to date. When the architectural programs of the Mevlevihans are examined, it is seen that the Mevlevihans, which were settled down in 13th century have an architectural program after the 16th century and they take Konya Mevlana Dergah as an example. However, it is not possible to mention about same sized and specified spaces in all the Mevlevihans. There are similar sections only in the large- scale Mevlevihans which are “Asitane” status. In this study, an evaluation and classification study was carried out on the architectural formation of the Mevlevihans one of the Dervish constructions in Islamic architecture which attracted attention with its wide geography.

scholarly journals THE CAUSES OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

2016 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
S. B. Druzhilovsky
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Turkish Society

The article examines the causes of the permanent political instability in the Turkish Republic, which leads to frequent change of governments, degradation of political parties and changing of policies. On the example of the activities of different cabinets it is showen that the basis of their instability is the frequent creation of coalition governments consisting of parties that stand on different ideological positions. Inter-party antagonism, in its turn, is a consequence of the split of the Turkish society along civilizational, ethnic and religious grounds, which determines the different political orientation of the various layers of the Turkish society. At the same time the article shows the examples of the undoubted efficiency of one-party governments, however they never get support from the opposition parties, and eventually also fail to effectively and consistently implement their proposed policies. The author also deals with a policy of the ruling today in Turkey, the Islamist Party of Justice and Development, which after several years of successful political and economic reforms to date entered the period of deep crisis and is increasingly losing its authority and influence both in Turkey and in neighboring countries.

Kemal Atuturk in the art of republican Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Nikolay P. Goroshkov
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Kemal Ataturk

The article analyzes how the personality of the first president of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, is reflected in contemporary Turkish art. This year marks exactly 140 years since his birth. To his achievements in the military and political arenas, cultural figures have dedicated many works in the visual arts, architecture, literature and cinema.  The trace of the first president of the Republic of Turkey remained in the works of both his contemporaries and in the works of authors today. Creativity is multifaceted, inspiration has no boundaries, along with them, culture was freed from prohibitions with the beginning of a new page in the history of the country. Her achievements became available to more people, the opportunity to touch the spiritual life and create it opened up along with the reforms of Mustafa Kemal Pasha to wide layers of the population. Immortal works have preserved for posterity the image of the father of the Turkish nation, and a characteristic feature of these works is the author's personal admiration for the deeds of Gazi. This undoubtedly leaves its mark on the work and the way in which a person is shown in the context of history, who took fate and the entire people into his own hands, mired in political, economic, cultural crises. But before giving an answer to the question "Who are you, Father of the Turks?", it is important, in our opinion, briefly to draw attention to the historical retrospective of the development of Turkish culture under the influence of the policy of two states that appeared, flourished and fell into decay on the peninsula of Asia Minor. The article briefly examines some of the features of the cultural policy of the last years of the Ottoman Empire and the first years of the republic.

scholarly journals ENERGY SAVING AND EFFICIENCY PROPOSALS FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND CONTINUATION: TURKEY EXAMPLE

2017 ◽  
pp. 206-219
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The concept of sustainability emerging within the environmental movement is closely related to the tourism sector as well as to many sectors. In this study, suggestions are given to reduce harmful emissions in Turkey, especially by facilities based on mass tourism. In addition, renewable energy-based energy performance enhancing technologies that can be applied to the energy efficiency and efficiency of tourism facilities are also proposed to reduce carbon footprint. Considering the incentives and discounts applied by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Turkey for "environmentally sensitive accommodation facilities", the advantages and advantages of Photovoltaic Thermal (PV-T) Collector Technology which is suitable for use of the facilities are introduced and the advantages of these technologies are discussed. As a result of the cost analysis, the system which will be applied at a sample tourism facility is amortizing itself in 3.5 years.

scholarly journals Closing of the Museum in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul as a Violation of the Obligations of the Republic of Turkey Under International Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Александр Михайлович Солнцев
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Convention ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Unesco Convention ◽  
Hagia Sophia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

В июле 2020 г. после соответствующего решения турецкого суда президент страны принял указ о закрытии музея в здании храма Святой Софии и открытии в нем мечети. 916 лет этот храм был христианским, в течение 481 г. - мусульманским, а последние 86 лет - это был музей. Он находится в списке всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО. В статье предпринимается анализ данных действий Турции с точки зрения международного права и Конституции Турецкой Республики. В то время как принцип секуляризации, зафиксированный в турецкой Конституции, сделал возможным доступ к собору Святой Софии на равных условиях для людей всех вероисповеданий и нерелигиозных лиц, нынешний регресс в отношении имплементации секуляризма в Турции вызывает обеспокоенность и говорит о нарушении международных обязательств, в том числе положений международных договоров, ратифицированных Турецкой Республикой, а именно: Конвенции ЮНЕСКО об охране всемирного культурного и природного наследия 1972 г.; Европейской Конвенции о защите прав человека и основных свобод 1950 г. и Международного пакта об экономических, социальных и культурных правах 1966 г. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 18-011-00292. In July 2020, following the relevant decision of the Turkish court, the President of the country adopted a decree to close the museum in the building of the Hagia Sophia and open a mosque in it. For 916 years this temple was Christian, during 481 it was Muslim, and for the last 86 years it has been a museum. It is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The article analyzes these actions of Turkey from the point of view of international law and the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. While the secularization of the Turkish Republic has made it possible for people of all faiths and non-religious persons to access Hagia Sophia on equal terms, the current regression regarding the implementation of secularism in Turkey raises concerns and speaks of a violation of international obligations, including the provisions of international treaties ratified The Republic of Turkey, namely: the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972; The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966. The article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of scientific project № 18-011-00292.

scholarly journals Issues of information technology crime control in the Republic of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Aliya Shukan ◽  
Aitugan Abdizhami ◽  
Gulnar Ospanova ◽  
Dana Abdakimova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The problem of cybercrime is a problem not only of domestic character but also of the whole world. Therefore, we decided to consider the experience of other countries in combating cybercrime. The article discusses the policy issues of the Turkish Republic in the field of combating the cybercrime. And also it was considered the experience of the police organizations work in this field in Turkey. The article analyzed the legislative framework of the Turkish Republic on the fight against cybercrime. The history of the development of police organizations and their work in this area was investigated and described in detail. The article also contains information about the policy of continuous education of employees on the fight against cybercrime and there was shown a scheme of work in the field of education. According to the results of the study we can confidently say that Turkey is currently doing effective work in combating cybercrime. The experience in this field can be used in the CIS countries and other countries to effectively combat crime in the field of information technology

scholarly journals LAICISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY IN THE 1920-1930S

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Rustam Izmaylov ◽  
Albina Imamutdinova ◽  
Marina Mefodeva
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Given ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Kemal Ataturk ◽  
Historical System

Purpose: The article deals with the Kemalists' policy of secularization and the inclusion of the laicism principle in the ideological doctrine of the Turkish Republic in the 1920-30s. Methodology: Historical-genetic, historical-comparative and historical-system methods of research were underlain the given study. Result: Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk great radical transformations in all spheres of life of the former Ottoman Empire began, namely the state system, the reform of the school and its separation from religion. All these transformations summed up the previous history of Turkey as a dependent, semi-colonial feudal state, clearing the way to modernization and renewal of all aspects of life. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Laicism in the Republic of Turkey in the 1920-1930s is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

Foreign Direct Investment Operations of International Businesses and Their Impact in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Omer Yurtseven ◽  
Dilek Temiz Dinç ◽  
Aytaç Gökmen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Trade And Investment

The Republic of Turkey is located at the crossroads of many trade and investment routes, converging East with the West and North with the South. However, Turkey is not self-sufficient with respect to capital formation. As a result, it wishes to obtain the deficient part of the capital stock from foreign sources, mainly from foreign direct investment (FDI). The purpose of this paper is to examine the FDI inflows to the Turkish Republic and its effect on economic growth by employing the augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Phillips-Perron, Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, Shin unit root tests, and least squares method. The results indicate that FDI inflows to Turkey bring about economic growth.

scholarly journals Comparison of social studies, Turkish Republic Revolution History and Kemalism, History of Kazakhstan and World History curricula in the secondary education in Turkey and the Republic of Kazakhstan

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Lyazzat Beisenbayeva ◽  
Yücel Gelişli
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
World History ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The aim of this study is to make a comparison between history topics in Social Sciences course, Ataturk's Principles and History of Turkish Revolution course in secondary schools in Turkey and History of Kazakhstan and World History courses in secondary schools in Kazakhstan. This study that has adopted qualitative research methods is a comparative educational research. Data has been collected through data analysis method. In the study, the curriculum of Social Sciences course and Ataturk's Principles and History of Turkish Revolution course in secondary schools in Turkey and the curriculum of History of Kazakhstan and World History courses in secondary schools in Kazakhstan have been compared in terms of objectives, content and weekly course schedule.<br />Findings show that subject that is based on historical content take place as units in 5th, 6th and 7th grade Social Sciences course. Social Sciences course is three hours per week for 5th and 6th graders. History topics in Social Sciences course include first states in Anatolia, Huns that is the first Turkish state, Turkish states founded in Central Asia, Turks' migration to Anatolia, foundation and development of Ottoman states, science, art and economic structure. Additionally, the rise of Islam, states founded by Muslims, conversion of the Turks to Islam, development of science and art are among the history topics, as well.  In 8th grade, for Ataturk's Principles and History of Turkish Revolution course, students attend two hours of lecture per week.  This course covers foundation of the Republic of Turkey, Ataturk's life, Ataturk's Principles and political developments of the related period. In Turkish secondary schools, there is not a course on world history. On the other hand, in Kazakhstan, for the History of Kazakhstan, 5th grade students attend one hour of lecture while 6th, 7th and 8th grade students attend two hours of lecture per week. In the curriculum of the History of Kazakhstan, Turkish states founded in Kazakhstan starts with the Sakas and it covers Turkish states in history, their foundation, development and improvements in science, art and economy. Additionally, 6th, 7th and 8th grade students attend one hour of lecture for the World History course. This course includes topics such as states founded in Asia, Europe, America and Africa, foundation and development of Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey that are among states founded by Turks in Anatolia and developments in science, art and economic structure of the related states.

scholarly journals 1960 COUP D’ÉTAT: THE FIRST COUP IN TURKISH REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
AKHAND SHARIF SURID
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

On May 27th the Republic of Turkey faced her first full-fledged Military takeover (Coup). As it is said, “A Coup is never just a Coup”. This review article provides a summary of the atmosphere before and after the coup of 1960 and a critical analysis of the democratic promises it brought. This Paper analyzes different terms used to identify the event such as revolution, insurrection, intervention, and coup. It also discusses the tradition of regular military intervention in the history of the Republic of Turkey. Since the transition to democracy and the multiparty system was not natural this paper also indicates the absence of democratic culture in Turkish history.  After 27th May, Turkey was led to the new constitutional structure of 1961. As it is said, the 1924 Constitution that established the first Republic of Turkey was wiped out with a coup and the 1961 Constitution and the Second Republic was established (Dursun, 2005:187). Since then until recent times the military could not separate itself from the political life of Turkey. The following discussions enclose; the origin of the 1960 Coup, the Aftermath, the Conspiracies, the Civilian Military relationship, Traditional and Historical views, Kemalist Principles, Government citizen dialogues, and Socio-economic backwardness. This critical analysis went through different interesting and easily misunderstood concepts (such as Revolt, Revolution, Military takeover, etc.).

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