Pyrolysis of polystyrene waste for recovery of combustible hydrocarbons using copper oxide as catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1269-1277
Author(s):  
Jan Nisar ◽  
Ghulam Ali ◽  
Afzal Shah ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Ashiq ◽  
Zahoor Hussain Farooqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Gaseous Fraction ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Polystyrene Waste ◽  
Liquid Yield

The present work is focused on pyrolysis of polystyrene waste for production of combustible hydrocarbons. The experiments were performed in an indigenously made furnace in the presence of a laboratory synthesised copper oxide. The pyrolysis products were collected and characterised. The Fourier transform infrared spectra showed that the liquid fraction contains C–H, C–O, C–C, C=C and O–H bonds, which correspond to various aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry traced compounds ranging from C1 to C4 in the gaseous fraction, whereas in the liquid fraction 15 components ranging from C3 to C24 were detected. From the results it has been concluded that CuO as a catalyst not only increased the liquid yield but also reduced the degradation temperature to great extent. Fuel properties of the pyrolysis oil were determined and compared with standard values of commercial fuel oil. The comparison suggested potential application of pyrolysis oil for domestic and commercial use.

scholarly journals Chemical Recycling of WEEE Plastics—Production of High Purity Monocyclic Aromatic Chemicals

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Tobias Rieger ◽  
Jessen C. Oey ◽  
Volodymyr Palchyk ◽  
Alexander Hofmann ◽  
Matthias Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Halogen Content ◽  
Methyl Styrene

More than 200 kg real waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) shredder residues from a German dismantling plant were treated at 650 °C in a demonstration scale thermochemical conversion plant. The focus within this work was the generation, purification, and analysis of pyrolysis oil. Subsequent filtration and fractional distillation were combined to yield basic chemicals in high purity. By means of fractional distillation, pure monocyclic aromatic fractions containing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX aromatics) as well as styrene and α-methyl styrene were isolated for chemical recycling. Mass balances were determined, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as well as energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) measurements provided data on the purity and halogen content of each fraction. This work shows that thermochemical conversion and the subsequent refining by fractional distillation is capable of recycling WEEE shredder residues, producing pure BTEX and other monocyclic aromatic fractions. A significant decrease of halogen content (up to 99%) was achieved with the applied methods.

Study of Catalytic Pyrolysis of Chlorella with γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Qing Jie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

Chlorella samples were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor with γ-Al2O3 or ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst at 600°C. Liquid oil samples was collected from pyrolysis experiments in a condenser and characterized for water content, kinematic viscosity and heating value. In the presence of catalysts , gas yield decreased and liquid yield increased when compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis at the same temperatures. Moreover, pyrolysis oil from catalytic with γ-Al2O3 runs carries lower water content and lower viscosity and higher heating value. Comparison of two catalytic products, the results were showed that γ-Al2O3 has a higher activity than that of ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The acidity distribution in these samples has been measured by t.p.d, of ammonia, the γ-Al2O3 shows a lower acidity. The γ-Al2O3 catalyst shows promise for production of high-quality bio-oil from algae via the catalytic pyrolysis.

Analyses of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Intertidal Sediments Resulting from Two Spills of No. 2 Fuel Oil in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Teal ◽  
Kathryn Burns ◽  
John Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Marsh Sediments ◽  
Insight Into

We have analyzed the two- and three-ring aromatic hydrocarbons from the Wild Harbor oil spill in September 1969 and the Winsor Cove oil spill in October 1974, in intertidal marsh sediments, using glass capillary gas-chromatographic and mass-fragmentographic analyses. Naphthalenes with 0–3 alkyl substitutions and phenanthrenes with 0–2 substitutions decreased in concentration with time in surface sediments. The more substituted aromatics decreased relatively less and in some cases actually increased in absolute concentration. The changes in composition of the aromatic fraction have potential consequences for the ecosystem and provide insight into geochemical processes of oil weathering. Key words: oil pollution, aromatic hydrocarbons; gas chromatography; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; geochemistry; marsh; sediments; oil spills

Facile Fabrication of Porous and Hydrophilic Polystyrene Membranes Using Recycled Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Mostafa Khaled ◽  
H. Noby ◽  
W.A. Aissa ◽  
Ahmed Hassan El-Shazly
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Surface ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
High Impact Polystyrene ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Polystyrene Waste

Micro-porous hydrophilic membranes were successfully fabricated using polystyrene waste by phase inversion casting. Four concentrations (20, 25, 30, and 35 wt%) of recycled high-impact polystyrene (HIPS-R) in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution were employed to prepare the membranes. The effect of polystyrene concentration on the characteristics of the different membranes was thoroughly studied. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results, the chemical composition of HIPS-R was analogous to that of pure high-impact polystyrene HIPS raw material of the previous studies. Also, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to study the morphology and porosity of the prepared membranes. The membranes cross-section showed a sponge structure with longitudinal macro voids. The solid walls around these voids have a sponge-like structure, especially for high concentration polystyrene membranes. Furthermore, the number of pores into the membrane surface decreased with the increase of polystyrene concentration. The membranes surface pores size was ranged from 150 nm to 550 nm with the different used concentrations. Water contact angle (CA) of the prepared membrane's surface were measured. All the measured CA of the prepared membranes, except the 35 wt% showed CA of 91o, showed a hydrophilic behavior. Thus, the results suggest effective membranes could be obtained using recycled polystyrene. And then, solve the polymer waste accumulation problem in parallel with help in drinking water crisis solution.

Simultaneous GC-FT-IR/GC-MS Analysis for Isomer-Specific Identification and Quantitation of Complex Mixture Components

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Smyrl ◽  
D. M. Hembree ◽  
W. E. Davis ◽  
D. M. Williams ◽  
J. C. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Conventional Manner

The construction and capabilities of a new instrument combining infrared and mass spectrometry to simultaneously examine the effluent from a single capillary column gas chromatographic injection are described. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is performed in the conventional manner. However, the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) portion of the instrument employs a new sampling method involving low-temperature trapping of the effluent from the gas chromatograph. The mass spectrometer was over two orders of magnitude more sensitive (161 fg detection limit for naphthalene) than the infrared (40 pg). The qualitative capabilities of infrared spectrometry, particularly when isomerspecific identifications are necessary, are shown to be highly complementary to the usual GC-MS method for analyzing complex mixtures

Study of interaction and adsorption of aromatic amines by manganese oxides and their role in chemical evolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brij Bhushan ◽  
Arunima Nayak ◽  
Kamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Langmuir Constants

AbstractThe role of manganese oxides in concentrating organic moieties and offering catalytic activity for prebiotic reactions is investigated by studying their interaction with different aromatic amines such as aniline, p-chloroaniline, p-toluidine and p-anisidine. For all amines, metal oxides showed highest adsorption at neutral pH. The order of their adsorption capacity and affinity as revealed by the Langmuir constants was found to be manganosite (MnO) > bixbyite (Mn2O3) > hausmannite (Mn3O4) > and pyrolusite (MnO2). At alkaline pH, these manganese oxides offered their surfaces for oxidation of amines to form coloured oligomers. Analysis of the oxidation products by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed the formation of a dimer from p-anisidine and p-chloroaniline, while a trimer and tetramer is formed from p-toluidine and aniline, respectively. A reaction mechanism is proposed for the formation of the oligomers. While field-emission scanning electron microscopic studies confirm the binding phenomenon, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis suggests that the mechanism of binding of amines on the manganese oxides was primarily electrostatic. The adsorption behaviour of the studied aromatic amines followed the order: p-anisidine > p-toluidine > aniline > p-chloroaniline, which is related to the basicities and structure of the amines. Our studies confirmed the significance of the role of manganese oxides in prebiotic chemistry.

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Wheat Straws for Bio-Oil and Related Analyses

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2419-2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xiao Juan Liu ◽  
Yan Xing Liu ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Jian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Optimal Reaction

The liquefaction of wheat straws in sub-critical water to obtain bio-oil was investigated in this paper. We observed that the reaction temperature (300-374 °C) and reaction time (1-15 min) played important roles in the yield of bio-oil and found the optimal reaction conditions (340 °C, 5 min). The bio-oil was analyzed by elemental analysis, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that the heating value of bio-oil product was 32-38 MJ/kg, higher than that of the bio-oil obtained from microalgae, and the product was composed of ketones, phenol and its derivatives, aromatics and small amount of aldehydes and ethers.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Berat Katalis Zeolit Alam terhadap Pencairan Limbah Ban dalam Bekas Kendaraan Bermotor Roda Dua Menjadi Bahan Bakar Cair

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Lince Muis ◽  
Ira Galih Prabasari ◽  
Nana Suyana
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Tire Industry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chains ◽  
Vehicle Production ◽  
Temperature Operating ◽  
Polystyrene Waste

The productivity of Indonesia's tire industry is expected to be higher following the growth of domestic and global motor vehicle production. Along with that, waste used tires that are not used in the environment are increasing. Rubber-based tires, is one type of synthetic polymer (Polystyrene). Polystyrene cannot be easily recycled so that the processing of polystyrene waste must be done properly so as not to harm the environment. Polystyrene pyrolysis process is one way to minimize the polystyrene waste. The pirlolysis process is carried out with temperature operating conditions of 400 oC, weight of tire rubber 3000 grams with variations of catalyst 2%, 4% and 6% for 3 hours. The results showed that the more catalysts used the% CHP Conversion produced would be greater, the best results on the 6% catalyst were as much as 41.073%. Based on the results of the analysis using GC-MS, Used inner tire pyrolysis oil has the following hydrocarbon chains: (C1-C5) as much as 0.33%, (C5-C12) as much as 88.96% and (C10-C28) 10.71%. Hydrocarbon compounds contained in the oil from used tire pyrolysis contain many aromatic compounds

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