Facile Fabrication of Porous and Hydrophilic Polystyrene Membranes Using Recycled Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Mostafa Khaled ◽  
H. Noby ◽  
W.A. Aissa ◽  
Ahmed Hassan El-Shazly
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Surface ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
High Impact Polystyrene ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Polystyrene Waste

Micro-porous hydrophilic membranes were successfully fabricated using polystyrene waste by phase inversion casting. Four concentrations (20, 25, 30, and 35 wt%) of recycled high-impact polystyrene (HIPS-R) in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution were employed to prepare the membranes. The effect of polystyrene concentration on the characteristics of the different membranes was thoroughly studied. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results, the chemical composition of HIPS-R was analogous to that of pure high-impact polystyrene HIPS raw material of the previous studies. Also, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to study the morphology and porosity of the prepared membranes. The membranes cross-section showed a sponge structure with longitudinal macro voids. The solid walls around these voids have a sponge-like structure, especially for high concentration polystyrene membranes. Furthermore, the number of pores into the membrane surface decreased with the increase of polystyrene concentration. The membranes surface pores size was ranged from 150 nm to 550 nm with the different used concentrations. Water contact angle (CA) of the prepared membrane's surface were measured. All the measured CA of the prepared membranes, except the 35 wt% showed CA of 91o, showed a hydrophilic behavior. Thus, the results suggest effective membranes could be obtained using recycled polystyrene. And then, solve the polymer waste accumulation problem in parallel with help in drinking water crisis solution.

scholarly journals A study on highly concentrated lactic acid and the synthesis of lactide from its solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982110210
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Xu ◽  
Lijuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
Lactic Acid Solution ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Back Titration ◽  
Condensed Water

Lactic acid is an important platform compound used as raw material for the production of lactide and polylactic acid. However, its concentration and composition distribution are not as simple as those of common compounds. In this work, the mass concentration distribution of highly concentrated lactic acid is determined by back titration. The components of highly concentrated lactic acid, crude lactide, and polymer after the reaction are analyzed by HPLC. Different concentrations of lactic acid solution were prepared for the synthesis of lactide and its content in the product was determined by 1H NMR analysis. We found that lactide is more easily produced from high-concentration lactic acid solution with which the condensed water is easier to release. Hence, the removal of condensed water is crucial to the formation of lactide, although it is not directly formed by esterification of two molecules of lactic acid.

scholarly journals Enhanced Wetting and Adhesive Properties by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Surface Treatment Methods and Investigation Processes on the Influencing Parameters on HIPS Polymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 901
Author(s):  
Miklós Berczeli ◽  
Zoltán Weltsch
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Plasma Surface ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
High Impact Polystyrene ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
Plasma Surface Treatment

The development of bonding technology and coating technologies require the use of modern materials and topologies for the demanding effect and modification of their wetting properties. For the industry, a process modification process that can be integrated into a process is the atmospheric pressure of air operation plasma surface treatment. This can be classified and evaluated based on the wettability, which has a significant impact on the adhesive force. The aim is to improve the wetting properties and to find the relationship between plasma treatment parameters, wetting, and adhesion. High Impact PolyStyrene (HIPS) was used as an experimental material, and then the plasma treatment can be treated with various adjustable parameters. The effect of plasma parameters on surface roughness, wetting contact angle, and using Fowkes theory of the surface energy have been investigated. Seven different plasma jet treatment distances were tested, combined with 5 scan speeds. Samples with the best plasma parameters were prepared from 25 mm × 25 mm overlapping adhesive joints using acrylic/cyanoacrylate. The possibility of creating a completely hydrophilic surface was achieved, where the untreated wetting edge angle decreased from 88.2° to 0° for distilled water and from 62.7° to 0° in the case of ethylene glycol. The bonding strength of High Impact PolyStyrene was increased by plasma treatment by 297%.

Development of leftover rice/gelatin interpenetrating polymer network films for food packaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Sijia Li ◽  
Chun Shao ◽  
Zhikun Miao ◽  
Panfang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Morphology Of Films

Abstract Waste biomass can be used as a raw material for food packaging. Different concentrations of gelatin (GEL) were introduced into the leftover rice (LR) system to form an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) for improving the properties of the films. The structure and morphology of films were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, which showed good compatibility between LR and GEL. The moisture content and oil absorption rate of IPN films were down by 105% and 182%, respectively, which showed better water and oil resistance than the LR film. In addition, increasing GEL concentration led to enhancement in the tensile strength of films from 2.42 to 11.40 MPa. The water contact angle value of the IPN films (117.53°) increased by 147% than the LR film (47.56°). The low haze of IPN films was obtained with the increment of the mutual entanglement of LR and GEL. The 30–50% GEL addition improved the water vapor barrier and thermal stability properties of the IPN films. This study highlights that LR as waste biomass can have a practical application in food packaging.

Effect of Triaryl Phosphate, Zinc and Zinc Borate on Fire Properties of High Impact Polystyrene and High Impact Polystyrene-Polyphenylene Oxide Blend (Modified-Polyphenylene Oxide

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Benrashid ◽  
Gordon L. Nelson ◽  
Donald J. Ferm
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Polyphenylene Oxide ◽  
High Impact Polystyrene ◽  
Smoke Generation ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Fire Properties ◽  
Phase Activity

Samples of m-PPO (virgin and flame retarded) and high impact polystyrene blended with zinc and zinc borate (2ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H 2O), were pre pared. The effect of triaryl phosphate on the flame retardancy of PPO-HIPS in conjunction with zinc and zinc borate was studied. For polystyrene zinc borate shows some reduction in smoke generation. Zinc, however does not show any effect on smoke generation for high impact polystyrene. Triphenyl phosphate shows minimal flame retardancy in HIPS which is not enhanced by zinc. Addition of zinc gives an increase in oxygen index for FR m-PPO, whereas zinc borate decreases the OI values. Zinc borate may sequester triaryl phos phate and thus eliminate its vapor phase activity. Zinc borate shows a signifi cant reduction in smoke generation and rate of heat release for m-PPO.

Studies on the stretching behaviour of medium gauge high impact polystyrene sheets during positive thermoforming

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kommoji ◽  
Ritima Banerjee ◽  
Naresh Bhatnagar ◽  
Anup K Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
High Impact ◽  
High Impact Polystyrene

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver System Technology for Improving the Quality of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negisa Darajeh ◽  
Azni Idris ◽  
Paul Truong ◽  
Astimar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rosenani Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
System Technology ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a pollutant produced by the palm oil industry, was treated by the Vetiver system technology (VST). This technology was applied for the first time to treat POME in order to decrease biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, two different concentrations of POME (low and high) were treated with Vetiver plants for 2 weeks. The results showed that Vetiver was able to reduce the BOD up to 90% in low concentration POME and 60% in high concentration POME, while control sets (without plant) only was able to reduce 15% of BOD. The COD reduction was 94% in low concentration POME and 39% in high concentration POME, while control just shows reduction of 12%. Morphologically, maximum root and shoot lengths were 70 cm, the number of tillers and leaves was 344 and 86, and biomass production was 4.1 kg m−2. These results showed that VST was effective in reducing BOD and COD in POME. The treatment in low concentration was superior to the high concentration. Furthermore, biomass of plant can be considered as a promising raw material for biofuel production while high amount of biomass was generated in low concentration of POME.

scholarly journals The co-pyrolysis of flame retarded high impact polystyrene and polyolefins

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Hall ◽  
Nona Merry M. Mitan ◽  
Thallada Bhaskar ◽  
Akinori Muto ◽  
Yusaku Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Impact ◽  
High Impact Polystyrene ◽  
Flame Retarded

Characterization and processability of post-consumer, double-recycled high impact polystyrene from disposable cups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan El Bhilat ◽  
Abdelilah Hachim ◽  
Houda Salmi ◽  
Hassan Mabchour ◽  
Khalid El Had
Keyword(s):  
High Impact ◽  
High Impact Polystyrene
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