Organizational context matters: explaining different responses to militant leadership targeting

2019 ◽  
pp. 073889421988589
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Tominaga
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Leadership Succession ◽  
Initial Endowment ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Militant Groups

Scholars are increasingly investigating the effectiveness of removing militant groups’ leaders; to date, their findings have been mixed. Rather than seeking consistent evidence, this article explains why some militant organizations demonstrate resilience to leadership targeting while others do not. The author argues that organizational context, especially the initial endowment set, determines the extent of institutionalization and ease of leadership succession. Organizations formed by appealing to shared identity and norms are less likely to implement institutionalized systems, instead depending heavily on charismatic leaders; conversely, groups with access to economic resources develop highly structured functions, leading to the routinization of leadership succession. Analysis of 153 militant organizations between 1970 and 2008 shows that organizations based on economic endowment show high resilience to this strategy. Groups that employ negative strategies against local communities as the product of their initial economic endowment are much less likely to be affected by forced leadership removal.

scholarly journals The Socio-Economic Impact of Syrian Refugees on Labor in Jordan: Case Study on Local Communities in Mafraq Governorate

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (101) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Abdelmahdi Alsoudi
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Water Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

Jordan is heavily affected by the influx of over 1.4 million Syrians among them 655,000 registered refugees. Today, the country has been struggling to provide housing, water, education, healthcare and jobs to its increased population and this huge number of Syrian refugees. When Syrians first arrived to Jordan they received assistance and sympathy from the host communities but once it became clear that they are here to stay and started to compete with local population for food, housing, jobs and services things started to change. Host communities in Mafraq and elsewhere in the country became weary of refugees, as the two groups have to compete over such scarce socio-economic resources and would rather see Syrians go back to their country. The study recommends more international aid to Jordan to enable the government to provide food, jobs and services to its population and refugees. The government should provide economic aid for the local population in Mafraq to help them cope with the refugees’ crisis.

The Making of a Byzantine Monastic Landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-159
Author(s):  
Fotini Kondyli ◽  
Sarah Craft
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Archaeological Project ◽  
Religious Importance ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

In this study, we present some results from the Mazi Archaeological Project (MAP), a diachronic regional survey in northwest Attica, Greece. We focus our discussion on the presence of the Middle Byzantine Monastery of Hosios Meletios and its relationship to local communities as well as to the surrounding natural and built environment. In doing so, we focus on three main strategies employed by the monastery: (1) large-scale building projects, (2) the redirection of movement in the area and (3) the exploitation of the natural environment and its economic resources. We also pay attention to the establishment of the paralavria (monastic dependencies) as a fundamental mechanism employed by the monastery to map its presence and influence and connect it to other sites of economic and religious importance in the region. We argue that the spatial, material and symbolic connections between the paralavria, the main monastery and key natural features in the area created a visually, spiritually and economically coherent and distinct monastic landscape.

scholarly journals Pengembangan sumber daya ekonomi lokal di Kabupaten Sumenep: pendorong dan penghambat

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Mochammad Rozikin ◽  
Rillia Aisyah Haris
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Force Field Analysis ◽  
Coordination And Collaboration

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the drivers and restraining factors of the development of local economic resources. This study uses force field analysis to analyze the various forces / factors that affect a change, determine the source of its strength, and develop strategies to strengthen the drivers and weaken the inhibitors. The results showed that there were a number of driving factors, namely: 1) superior commodities; 2) Rules / policies; 3) Budget allocation; 4) Human resources availability; 5) Leadership. The restraining factors are: 1) Lack of coordination and collaboration of stakeholders involved; 2) The quality of human resources of farmers is still low; 3) community participation is still low; 4) Availability of infrastructure; 5) Commitment of stakeholders involved. This research is expected to be a material consideration for developing strategies to achieve success in developing local economic resources and providing recommendations to local governments to implement planned changes to be able to increase the added value and welfare of local communities.

Policy Through Practice: Local Communities, Self-Organization, and Policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Clark
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Economic Action ◽  
The Usa

Economic geography fixes the lens of analysis on both the scale of economic action and the processes that determine how economic resources are distributed and concentrated across places. This chapter focuses on institutional intermediaries and how they contribute to the evolving practices of self-organizing within local communities through third-sector strategies. The chapter presents three models of ‘third-sector intermediaries’ in cities and regions across the USA illustrating the ways in which third-sector policy strategies operate in local and regional economies both through city governments and in parallel to them. These strategies are the result of variations in the capacities of local communities to address regional economic challenges and increasingly contribute to that diverse landscape. The chapter concludes with a discussion of economic policy implications of these modes of policy design, delivery, and decision-making affecting regional economies and uneven development, local autonomy, institutional intermediaries, city governance, technology diffusion, and policy innovation.

Gender, Sport, and the Construction of Community: A Case Study from Women’s Ice Hockey

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Theberge
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Dressing Room

This paper examines the construction of community on a women’s ice hockey team. The analysis is based on fieldwork and interviews with an elite-level team. Within an organizational context in which men play central roles in the management of team affairs and the circle of team supporters, the dressing room provides a space where players come together as hockey players and as women. The analysis suggests that the construction of community on a woman’s hockey team is grounded in members’ shared identity as hockey players and their commitment to the sport. This common focus and interest unite women from diverse backgrounds and social locations.

scholarly journals Economic Benefits from Biking Trails and Greenways

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Kalyan Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
The Impact

Due to a growing need for health and wellbeing of the urban population and revitalization of the rural economies biking has become one of the top recreational activities is the U.S. While the impact of individual health and wellbeing from biking activities well recognized in the literature, the economic impact of bike tourism in rural communities is less recognized. The purpose of this paper is to review the studies on the economic impact of biking trails and greenways on the local communities and provide a guideline on how to undertake such studies based on available methodologies in the literature. In doing so, the paper discusses the objectives and goals for creating infrastructure for greenway and biking trails in the local communities including methodologies used to assess the economic impacts. This study concludes that for a long-run sustainable development, local community’s social and economic resources that already exist can be utilized for building biker friendly communities.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Inquiry into Students’ Transformative Learning Experiences in Old Havana’s Escuela Taller

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Gilblom ◽  
Jonathan E. Messemer
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Transformative Learning Theory ◽  
Personal Transformations ◽  
Historic Structures

This qualitative study employs transformative learning theory to investigate the learning experiences of 18 current students and graduates of Escuela Taller ‘Gaspar de Melchor de Jovellanos’ (ET) in Old Havana, Cuba. ET is a tuition-free, skilled-trades program that trains adult learners with limited economic resources and opportunities to conserve and restore cultural heritage, including historic structures, artwork and ironwork. The purpose of this study was to determine if and how participants transformed as a result of attending ET. Participants experienced professional and personal transformations that they attributed to learning a trade, learning how to collaborate, rediscovering their Cuban heritage, and participating in the restoration of Old Havana. The findings also underscore the significance of becoming cultural agents, who they define as individuals who experienced transformations from attending ET who support the transformations of others in their local communities by educating them about the significance and value of Cuban cultural heritage.

Development and Construct Validation of the German Workplace Trust Survey (G-WTS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock ◽  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Workplace Trust

In research on trust in the organizational context, there is some agreement evolving that trust should be measured with respect to various foci. The Workplace Trust Survey (WTS) by Ferres (2002) provides reliable assessment of coworker, supervisor, and organizational trust. By means of a functionally equivalent translation, we developed a German version of the questionnaire (G-WTS) comprising 21 items. A total of 427 employees were surveyed with the G-WTS and questionnaires concerning several work-related attitudes and behaviors and 92 of these completed the survey twice. The hypothesized three-dimensional conceptualization of organizational trust was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The G-WTS showed good internal consistency and retest reliability values. Concerning convergent validity, all of the three G-WTS dimensions positively predicted job satisfaction. In terms of discriminant validity, Coworker Trust enhanced group cohesion; Supervisor Trust fostered innovative behavior, while Organizational Trust was associated with affective commitment. Theoretical and practical contributions as well as opportunities for future research with the G-WTS are discussed.

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