Arming for conflict, arming for peace? How small arms imports affect intrastate conflict risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 073889422110459
Author(s):  
Andreas Mehltretter
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Intrastate Conflict ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Conflict Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Risk Reducing ◽  
Events Data

Although a prevalent technology of conflict, the impact of small arms imports on the risk of intrastate conflict outbreak has not been examined so far. This article argues that small arms not only enhance general military capabilities, but also contribute to state capacities necessary for conflict prevention. These two mechanisms are incorporated in a formal model of power shifts. The derived hypotheses are tested on 146 countries for the period 1993–2014. Using split-population and penalized fixed-effects logit models as innovative estimation methods for rare-events data, small arms imports are found to have no or even a risk-reducing impact.

scholarly journals A Crook is a Crook . . . But is He Still a Crook Abroad? On the Effect of Immigration on Destination-Country Corruption

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen Dimant ◽  
Margarete Redlin ◽  
Tim Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Econometric Methodology ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimator ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impact of migration on destination-country corruption levels. Capitalizing on a comprehensive dataset consisting of annual immigration stocks of OECD countries from 207 countries of origin for the period 1984-2008, we explore different channels through which corruption might migrate. We employ different estimation methods using fixed effects and Tobit regressions in order to validate our findings. Moreover, we also address the issue of endogeneity by using the Difference- Generalized Method of Moments estimator. Independent of the econometric methodology, we consistently find that while general migration has an insignificant effect on the destination country’s corruption level, immigration from corruption-ridden origin countries boosts corruption in the destination country. Our findings provide a more profound understanding of the socioeconomic implications associated with migration flows.

scholarly journals The role of Fiscal Institutional Context on primary balance. A case study for European country groups with cultural differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dimitra Mitsi
Keyword(s):  
European Country ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Macroeconomic Forecasting ◽  
Fiscal Institutions ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
The Impact

Many countries have introduced fiscal institutions (fiscal rules and fiscal councils) to deter fiscal indiscipline, reduce macroeconomic forecasting bias and enhance the credibility of fiscal policy. In this study, we use a theoretical model in order to examine how the existence of a fiscal council can reduce a country’s debt. In addition, we examine the impact of fiscal institutions on primary balance in 2 European country groups (PIIGCS and DFGNS countries) that have cultural differences. The analysis builds on panel data estimation methods of fixed effects and random effects depending on the Hausman test results. This study finds that the fiscal institutional context (frifc) has a positive and significant effect on PB. More specifically, we find that one change in fiscal institutional context improves PB by a factor of 0.925 and 1.181 in PIIGCS countries and DFGNS countries, respectively.

scholarly journals Impact of Non-Performing Loans on Bank’s Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Commercial Banks in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stephen Kingu ◽  
Dr Salvio Macha ◽  
Dr Raphael Gwahula
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of Non-performing loans on bank’s profitability using information asymmetry theory and bad management hypothesis. This study adopted causality research design using panel data (2007 to 2015) of 16 commercial banks in Tanzania. The study employed Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis estimation methods. Likewise, Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) regression technique was also used, and then Fixed Effects (FE) and Random Effects (RE) assumptions were considered. The study found that occurrence of non-performing loans is negatively associated with the level of profitability in commercial banks in Tanzania. The results extend further the information asymmetry theory and bad management hypothesis. The findings of the study have both theoretical and managerial implications for practitioners and policy-makers

scholarly journals Does Trade Openness Affect Bank Risk-Taking Behavior? Evidence from BRICS Countries

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Munni Begum ◽  
Badar Nadeem Ashraf ◽  
Md. Abdul Kaium Masud
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we examine the impact of trade openness on bank risk-taking behavior employing a panel dataset of 899 banks from the BRICS (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries over the period 2000–2017. We find that higher trade openness lowers bank risk-taking. Our results are robust when we use alternative proxies of trade openness and bank risk-taking, estimate country-wise regressions, or use alternative estimation methods such as system Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM), fixed effects, pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS), and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) models. We also observe higher trade openness decreases bank risk-taking in both the short and long run. Moreover, banks in more open countries perform relatively better during the crisis period further signifying the diversification benefits of openness. Together, our findings imply the beneficial impact of trade openness for financial sector stability.

scholarly journals Added-variable plots for panel-data estimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-50
Author(s):  
John Luke Gallup
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Regression Parameters ◽  
Added Variable Plots ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Data Estimation

In this article, I extend the theory of added-variable plots to three panel-data estimation methods: fixed effects, between effects, and random effects. An added-variable plot is an effective way to show the correlation between an independent variable and a dependent variable conditional on other independent variables. In a multivariate context, a simple scatterplot showing x versus y is not adequate to show the relationship of x with y, because it ignores the impact of the other covariates. Added-variable plots are also useful for spotting influential outliers in the data that affect the estimated regression parameters. Stata can display added-variable plots with the command avplot, but it can be used only after regress. My new command, xtavplot, is a postestimation command that creates added-variable plots after xtreg estimates. Unlike avplot, xtavplot can display a confidence interval around the fitted regression line.

The Impact of Missing and Error-Prone Auxiliary Information on Sparse-Matrix Sub-Population Parameter Estimates

Methodology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Rutkowski ◽  
Yan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sparse Matrix ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Population Parameter ◽  
Conditioning Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Given a consistent interest in comparing achievement across sub-populations in international assessments such as TIMSS, PIRLS, and PISA, it is critical that sub-population achievement is estimated reliably and with sufficient precision. As such, we systematically examine the limitations to current estimation methods used by these programs. Using a simulation study along with empirical results from the 2007 cycle of TIMSS, we show that a combination of missing and misclassified data in the conditioning model induces biases in sub-population achievement estimates, the magnitude and degree to which can be readily explained by data quality. Importantly, estimated biases in sub-population achievement are limited to the conditioning variable with poor-quality data while other sub-population achievement estimates are unaffected. Findings are generally in line with theory on missing and error-prone covariates. The current research adds to a small body of literature that has noted some of the limitations to sub-population estimation.

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

scholarly journals Impact of Demographic Structure on Economic Development of Ukrainian Coastal Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1798
Author(s):  
Patrik Rovný ◽  
Serhiy Moroz ◽  
Jozef Palkovič ◽  
Elena Horská
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conflict Period

The main aim of our paper is to study peculiarities of two periods, i.e., the pre-conflict period (2004–2013) and conflict period (2014–2018), in the context of the impact of the demographic structure of the population on the economic growth and development of coastal regions of Ukraine. In the first step of the analysis, we investigate the relationship between the demographic shifts and selected economic indicators, using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. In the next step of the analysis, we focus on the quantification of the impact of demographic indicators on the economic variables, based on the panel model with fixed effects. The received results confirm that the influence of the demographic stricture on the economic state of coastal regions changed significantly in the conflict period in comparison with the pre-conflict period, especially concerning income, unemployment, and the openness of the economy. Additionally, our findings show that while economic differences existed between the Azov Sea regions and the Black Sea regions in the pre-conflict period, they disappeared due to the economic deterioration of the Azov Sea regions during the conflict period. It is concluded that war affects adversely the population’s demographic structure, which inhibits the growth and economic development of Ukrainian coastal regions.

scholarly journals Cultural and Creative Cities and Regional Economic Efficiency: Context Conditions as Catalyzers of Cultural Vibrancy and Creative Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7150
Author(s):  
Silvia Cerisola ◽  
Elisa Panzera
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Creative Cities ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Holistic Conception ◽  
Panel Fixed Effects ◽  
The Impact

Following the hype that has been given to culture and creativity as triggers and enhancers of local economic performance in the last 20 years, this work originally contributes to the literature with the objective of assessing the impact of cultural and creative cities (CCCs) on the economic output of their regions. In this sense, the cultural and creative character of cities is considered a strategic strength and opportunity that can spillover, favoring the economic system of the entire regions in which the cities are located. Through an innovative methodology that exploits a regional production function estimated by a panel fixed effects model, the effect of cities’ cultural vibrancy and creative economy on the output of their regions is econometrically explored. The data source is the Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor (CCCM) provided by the JRC, which also allows the investigation of the possible role played by the enabling environment in catalyzing the action of cultural vibrancy and creative economy. The results are thoroughly examined: especially through cultural vibrancy, CCCs strategically support the output of their region. This is particularly the case when local context conditions—such as human capital and education, openness, tolerance and trust, and quality of governance—catalyze their effect. Overall, CCCs contribute to feeding a long-term self-supporting system, interpreted according to a holistic conception that includes economic, social, cultural, and environmental domains.

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