Beyond Neighborhood Design: Exploring the Effects of Smart Growth on Older Adults’ Travel Behavior over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 0739456X2110203
Author(s):  
Xueyin Bai ◽  
Ruth L. Steiner ◽  
Wei Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
Neighborhood Design ◽  
Trip Frequency ◽  
Over Time

Previous studies mainly substantiate the influence of neighborhood design on older adults’ travel behavior. This study goes beyond and examines how smart growth affects older adults’ travel behavior over time in the central Puget Sound. Using regression models for the years 1999, 2006, and 2014, we find that smart growth factors have significant but changing effects. The regional growth centers play a growing role in reducing older adults’ travel distance, trip frequency, and promoting non-car commuting modes. This study adds to the knowledge of how older adults’ travel behavior can be affected by the multilevel and long-term urban development strategies.

scholarly journals 2400 How have characteristics of end-of-life family caregiving changed from 1999 to 2015? Preliminary results from two waves of nationally representative data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
Judith Vick ◽  
Jennifer Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Over Time

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Family members are often critical in the delivery of hands-on care and decisions about care for persons approaching end-of-life (EOL). Prompted by concerns about the poor quality and high costs of care at the EOL, recent delivery reform efforts—such as the growth of hospice and palliative care—have been directed at improving EOL care for both patients and family. Trends of the characteristics of EOL family caregivers and care recipients over time have not been well described. The goal of this study is to evaluate changes in EOL family caregiving from 1999 to 2015. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study uses reconciled data from two nationally representative surveys and their linked caregiver surveys: the 1999 wave of the National Long-Term Care Survey (NLTCS) and the Informal Care Survey (ICS), and the 2015 wave of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the National Survey of Caregiving (NSOC). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Crude analysis shows that older adults living in the community and receiving help from family caregivers in the last year of life were significantly better educated (72% with greater than 12 years of education vs. 46%), and more diverse (78% White vs. 89%) in 2015 compared with 1999. Family caregivers in the last year of life were less likely to be female in 2015 compared with 1999 (74% vs. 68%, NS) and significantly less likely to be spouses (45% vs. 38%) in 2015. In 2015, a significantly greater proportion of older adults received help with five or more activities of daily living (47% vs. 34%), but family caregivers reported significantly lower levels of caregiving-associated distress: financial strain (80% reporting none in 2015 vs. 53%), emotional (51% vs. 39%), and physical strain (70% vs. 45%). In addition, a significantly greater proportion of EOL family caregivers used respite care in 2015 compared to 1999 (15% vs. 4%). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Changes in the experience of EOL family caregiving may be impossible to capture in studies of single interventions, but tracking nationally representative trends can be used as an indicator of broader changes that take place cumulatively over time. Although studies of this nature cannot identify causal mechanisms of change, they are important to monitor long-term impact of program implementation and to guide future research, policy, and resource allocation.

Episodic Memory in Later Life: Benefits of Prayer and Meditation

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Nirmala Lekhak ◽  
Tirth R. Bhatta ◽  
Jaclene A. Zauszniewski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: To examine the effects of prayer and meditation on the episodic memory of older adults. Design: Secondary analysis of Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Method: Drawing from a subsample of HRS ( n = 1,135), this study utilized generalized estimating equation regression models to examine the effects of meditation and prayer on changes in episodic memory of older adults over time. Findings: Findings show a statistically significant positive effect of the use of prayer (0.50, p < .05) on episodic memory score at baseline. We also observed a slight gain in episodic memory over time for older adults who used prayer (0.04, p = .05). Meditation was not found to have a statistically significant effect on changes in memory in later life. Conclusion: This study illustrates the benefits of prayer in preserving memory and provides much needed empirical basis for community-level interventions to enhance memory in later life.

scholarly journals Predictors of change over time in subjective daytime sleepiness among older adult recipients of long-term services and supports

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 849-861
Author(s):  
Darina V. Petrovsky ◽  
Karen B. Hirschman ◽  
Miranda Varrasse McPhillips ◽  
Justine S. Sefcik ◽  
Alexandra L. Hanlon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTObjectives:Daytime sleepiness is associated with multiple negative outcomes in older adults receiving long-term services and supports (LTSS) including reduced cognitive performance, need for greater assistance with activities of daily living and decreased social engagement. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of change in subjective daytime sleepiness among older adults during their first 2 years of receiving LTSS.Design and Setting:Secondary analysis of data from a prospective longitudinal study of older adults who received LTSS in their homes, assisted living communities or nursing homes interviewed at baseline and every 3 months for 24 months.Participants:470 older adults (60 years and older) newly enrolled in LTSS (mean = 81, SD = 8.7; range 60–98; 71% women).Measurements:Subjective daytime sleepiness was assessed every 3 months through 2 years using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Multiple validated measures were used to capture health-related quality of life characteristics of enrollees and their environment, including symptom status (Symptom Bother Scale), cognition (Mini Mental Status Exam), physical function (Basic Activities of Daily Living), physical and mental general health, quality of life (Dementia Quality of Life, D-QoL), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale) and social support (Medical Outcomes Survey-Social Support).Results:Longitudinal mixed effects modeling was used to examine the relationship between independent variables and continuous measure of daytime sleepiness. Increased feelings of belonging, subscale of the D-QoL (effect size = −0.006, 95% CI: −0.013 to −0.0001, p = 0.045) and higher number of depressive symptoms (effect size = −0.002, 95% CI: −0.004 to −0.001, p = 0.001) at baseline were associated with slower rates of increase in daytime sleepiness over time.Conclusions:Comprehensive baseline and longitudinal screening for changes in daytime sleepiness along with depression and perceived quality of life should be used to inform interventions aimed at reducing daytime sleepiness among older adults receiving LTSS.

scholarly journals Dopamine-Related Genotype Predicts Trajectories of Gait Reserve in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 756-757
Author(s):  
Briana Sprague ◽  
Andrea Rosso ◽  
Xiaonan Zhu ◽  
Caterina Rosano
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Community Ambulation ◽  
Related Genotype ◽  
Comt Polymorphism ◽  
Task Adaptation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The capacity to increase one’s gait speed is critical for maintaining safe community ambulation. There is limited work on the longitudinal changes in this capacity and its predictors. Because lower dopamine is associated with lower task adaptation and motivation, we hypothesized that lower dopamine would predict more decline in rapid gait speed. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism and at least 3 repeated rapid and usual pace gait speed assessments were obtained over 10 years in 1,261 older adults (mean age=75.2, 867 White, 659 women). Linear mixed models computed person-specific rapid and usual pace gait speed trajectories. Regression models adjusted for usual gait trajectory tested whether COMT predicted rapid gait trajectory; covariates included, demographic, psychological, cognitive, and physical factors. Val/Val carriers (lower dopamine) declined more in rapid gait compared to Met/Met carriers (higher dopamine; adjusted b=-.002, SE=.001, p=.042). Modifying dopamine may positively influence the ability to maintain rapid gait over time.

scholarly journals Satisfaction With Outdoor Activities Over Time Among Long-Term Services and Supports Recipients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Justine Sefcik ◽  
Karen Hirschman ◽  
Darina Petrovsky ◽  
Liming Huang ◽  
Nancy Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Approximately 85% of older adults have at least one chronic health condition. The onset of chronic health conditions and mobility issues can constrain activities, including outdoor recreation. There is limited knowledge of older adults receiving long-term services and supports (LTSS) and their satisfaction with outdoor activities over time after enrolling in services. This study examined predictors of change in ratings of satisfaction with outdoor activities. A secondary analysis was conducted of data involving structured interviews with older adults (N=470) over the first two years of receiving LTSS (Health-Related Quality of Life: Elders in Long-Term Care; R01AG025524). Participants lived in assisted living communities, nursing homes, or their home. A single item on satisfaction with outdoor activities (assessed using a 5-point Likert scale: not at all to extremely satisfied) was the primary outcome. Mixed effects linear regression modeling using a backward elimination process was used for building a final multivariable model. In the final model, older age (p&lt;0.001) and higher overall quality of life ratings (p&lt;0.001) at baseline were associated with slower rates of increase in outdoor satisfaction over time. Higher education level (p=0.035) at baseline was associated with a faster rate of increase in outdoor satisfaction over time. Additionally, those who moved into an assisted living community (p=0.024) or nursing home (p=0.016) at baseline were associated with faster rates of increase in outdoor satisfaction over time compared to those in the home. Knowledge of factors influencing satisfaction with outdoor activities can assist interdisciplinary teams implement interventions for individual or organizational changes.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Travel Behavior of Millennials and Older Adults: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8236
Author(s):  
Shaila Jamal ◽  
K. Bruce Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Trip Frequency

This study aims to synthesize knowledge on the travel behavior of millennials and older adults based on literature from 2010 to 2018. The study looks into the different factors that contributed to shaping each generation’s travel behavior. Both qualitative and quantitative studies that fall within the selection criteria are reviewed, with a total of seventy-eight studies selected for review. Thirty-four papers focused on young adults/millennials, 35 included an older adult population, and 9 investigated both younger and older age groups. Six of the studies utilized qualitative methods, 68 applied quantitative methods, and 4 used mixed methods to explore the factors associated with travel behavior. Travel behaviors are explored in terms of mode choice, trip distance, trip frequency, use of alternative transport, ridesharing, and mobility tool ownership. Associated factors are categorized into five themes: personal attributes, geography and built environment, living arrangements and family life, technology adoption, and perceptions and attitudes towards travel options and environment. This study concludes that difference exists between generations in terms of travel behavior, and that the factors that influence each generation’s travel characteristics are either different or differ in their nature of influence (increase/decrease). Finally, based on the reviewed literature, this study proposes future research directions.

scholarly journals Comparing the resident populations of private and public long-term care facilities over a 15-year period: a study from Quebec, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2039-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
GINA BRAVO ◽  
MARIE-FRANCE DUBOIS ◽  
NICOLE DUBUC ◽  
LOUIS DEMERS ◽  
DANIÈLE BLANCHETTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Resident Populations ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTIn the province of Quebec, Canada, long-term residential care is provided by two types of facility: privately owned facilities in which care is privately financed and delivered and publicly subsidised accredited facilities. There are few comparative data on the residents served by the private and public sectors, and none on whether their respective population has changed over time. Such knowledge would help plan services for older adults who can no longer live at home due to increased disabilities. This study compared (a) the resident populations currently served by private and public facilities and (b) how they have evolved over time. The data come from two cross-sectional studies conducted in 1995–2000 and 2010–2012. In both studies, we randomly selected care settings in which we randomly selected older residents. In total, 451 residents from 145 settings assessed in 1995–2000 were compared to 329 residents from 102 settings assessed in 2010–2012. In both study periods, older adults housed in the private sector had fewer cognitive and functional disabilities than those in public facilities. Between the two study periods, the proportion of residents with severe disabilities decreased in private facilities while it remained over 80 per cent in their public counterparts. Findings indicate that private facilities care today for less-disabled older adults, leaving to public facilities the heavy responsibility of caring for those with more demanding needs. These trends may impact both sectors' ability to deliver proper residential care.

scholarly journals COVID-19 prevention behaviour over time in Australia: Patterns and long-term predictors from April to July 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ayre ◽  
E Cvejic ◽  
K McCaffery ◽  
T Copp ◽  
S Cornell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Regression Models ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia in March 2020 a national public health directive required that non-essential workers stay at home, except for essential activities. These restrictions began easing in May 2020 as community transmission slowed.PurposeThis study investigated changes in COVID-19 prevention behaviours from April-July 2020, and psychosocial predictors of these behaviours.Methods1,843 participants in Australia completed a national COVID-19 survey in April, with monthly follow-up over four months. Principal components analysis (PCA) combined self-reported adherence across seven prevention behaviours. Multivariable regression models explored baseline (April) correlates of behaviour in June (a period of low community transmission) and July (a period of increasing community transmission).ResultsOn average, participants agreed with statements of adherence for all behaviours (means all above 4 out of 7). PCA identified two behaviour types: ‘distancing’ (e.g. staying 1.5m away) and ‘hygiene’ (e.g. washing hands), explaining 28.3% and 24.2% of variance, respectively. Distancing declined each month (p’s<.001), whereas hygiene remained relatively stable. For distancing, stronger perceptions of societal risk, self-efficacy to maintain distancing, and greater perceived social obligation at baseline were associated with adherence in June and July (p’s<0.05). For hygiene, the only significant correlate of adherence in June and July was belief that one’s actions could prevent infection of family members (p<.001).ConclusionsHigh adherence to COVID-19 prevention behaviours were reported; however, distancing behaviours tended to decrease over time. Belief in social responsibility may be an important aspect to consider in encouraging distancing behaviours. Different policy approaches may be needed for different behavioural categories.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on older adults' loneliness: Evidence from high-frequency panel data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Stolz ◽  
Hannes Mayerl ◽  
Wolfgang Freidl
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Repeated Observations ◽  
Mixed Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND: It is unclear how strong and long lasting the effects of recurring COVID-19 restrictions on older adults' loneliness are. METHODS: 469 retired older adults (60+) provided 8,814 repeated observations of loneliness (27 waves) in the Austrian Corona Panel Project between March 2020 and December 2021. Ordinal mixed regression models were used to estimate the effect of the stringency of COVID-19 restrictions (SI) on loneliness. RESULTS: The proportion of older adults who reported to be often lonely correlated closely (r=0.63) with the SI over time: both peaked during lockdowns (SI=82, often lonely=10-12%) and were lowest during the summer of 2020 (SI=36, often lonely=5- 6%). Results from regression models indicate, that when the SI increased above 60 (=strict lockdown), an increase in loneliness followed. Older adults who lived alone were more affected than those living with others. CONCLUSIONS: Stringent COVID-19 restrictions lead to situational loneliness, par- ticularly among those who lived alone. Efforts should be made to enable older adults who live alone to have save in-person contact during lockdown periods.

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