Differential Participation Patterns of Adults of Low and High Educational Attainment

Aims: This study aimed to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among cancer survivors and controls in the Danish population, with special attention given to the impact of low educational attainment. Comparisons were made at population level and for subgroups stratified by education. Furthermore, comparisons were made for all cancer diagnoses combined and for the 14 most prevalent cancer sites and ‘other cancer sites’. Finally, the importance of time since initial diagnosis was examined. Methods: HRQOL was measured using the physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 in a population-based survey. By linking data with the Danish Cancer Registry, 11,166 cancer survivors and 151,117 individuals with no history of cancer were identified. Results: HRQOL was reduced in cancer survivors for all cancers combined and most cancer sites. Differences were found at population level and stratified by educational attainment. PCS was reduced to a similar extent in the three educational groups, whereas MCS was reduced slightly more in the low than in the high educational attainment group. HRQOL increased with time since initial diagnosis during the first years. Conclusions: Cancer survivors had lower HRQOL than controls, and HRQOL was lower in the low than in the high educational attainment group. However, low educational attainment did not widen the gap in HRQOL following a cancer diagnosis. Despite this, the combined effect of low educational attainment and a cancer diagnosis markedly reduced HRQOL in some cancer survivors. The study identified groups of cancer survivors with low HRQOL who may have unmet rehabilitation needs.

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Inequalities in women’s mortality by education / Neenakosti v umrljivosti žensk po izobrazbi

Slovenian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2478/sjph-2013-0010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 77-86

Author(s):

Mateja Rok Simon ◽

Sonja Tomšič ◽

Jožica Šelb Šemerl ◽

Petra Nadrag ◽

Barbara Mihevc Ponikvar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Vehicle Accidents ◽

High Educational Attainment ◽

Socioeconomic Gaps ◽

Rate Ratios ◽

Relative Differences ◽

High Educational

Abstract Background: Researchers have found that mortality is decreasing in all socioeconomic population groups but the relative differences in mortality between lower and higher social classes remain unchanged or have even increased. In Slovenia this has not yet been studied. Methods: The analysis included all women in Slovenia who died in the 2005-2010 period and were recorded in the Registry of deaths. Cause of death data was linked to data on the educational attainment of the deceased person, which was applied successfully in 98.8% of cases. The rate ratios (RR) for age-standardised death rates were calculated for women with a low and high educational attainment. Results: The calculated gap in life expectancy at age 30 between women with low and high educational attainment stood at 5.5 years. Women aged 0-84 with a low educational attainment had a statistically significant higher risk of death than women with a high educational attainment (RR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.57-1.73). Inequalities in premature mortality were even greater (1.78; 1.65-1.93). Educational inequalities in premature mortality were revealed in the majority of causes of death, e.g. cervical cancer (1.99; 1.22-3.67), lung cancer (1.70; 1.30-2.26), cardiovascular diseases (3.02; 2.41-3.91), causes directly attributable to alcohol (7.34; 4.96-12.27), motor vehicle accidents (2.23; 1.21-4.45) and suicide (1.68; 1.19-2.41). Conclusions: Significant socioeconomic gaps in women’s mortality in Slovenia obligate us to more systematic monitoring of health inequalities in the future. Further research is required in order to clarify specific reasons for the major gaps in mortality from specific causes of death.

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A national survey assessing public readiness for digital health strategies against COVID-19 within the United Kingdom

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85514-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Viknesh Sounderajah ◽

Jonathan Clarke ◽

Seema Yalamanchili ◽

Amish Acharya ◽

Sheraz R. Markar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

At Risk ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

National Survey ◽

Digital Health ◽

Survey Study ◽

High Educational Attainment ◽

Digital Exclusion ◽

High Educational

AbstractThere is concern that digital public health initiatives used in the management of COVID-19 may marginalise certain population groups. There is an overlap between the demographics of groups at risk of digital exclusion (older, lower social grade, low educational attainment and ethnic minorities) and those who are vulnerable to poorer health outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. In this national survey study (n = 2040), we assessed how the UK population; particularly these overlapping groups, reported their preparedness for digital health strategies. We report, with respect to using digital information to make health decisions, that those over 60 are less comfortable (net comfort: 57%) than those between 18 and 39 (net comfort: 78%) and lower social grades are less comfortable (net comfort: 63%) than higher social grades (net comfort: 75%). With respect to a preference for digital over non-digital sources in seeking COVID-19 health information, those over 60 (net preference: 21%) are less inclined than those between 18 and 39 (net preference: 60%) and those of low educational attainment (net preference: 30%) are less inclined than those of high educational attainment (net preference: 52%). Lastly, with respect to distinguishing reliable digital COVID-19 information, lower social grades (net confidence: 55%) are less confident than higher social grades (net confidence: 68%) and those of low educational attainment (net confidence: 51%) are less confident than those of high educational attainment (net confidence: 71%). All reported differences are statistically significant (p < 0.01) following multivariate regression modelling. This study suggests that digital public health approaches to COVID-19 have the potential to marginalise groups who are concurrently at risk of digital exclusion and poor health outcomes from SARS-CoV-2.

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High educational attainment moderates the association between dental health-care supply and utilization in Europe

European Journal Of Oral Sciences ◽

10.1111/eos.12237 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 52-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maike Schulz ◽

Anton E. Kunst ◽

Hilke Brockmann

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Dental Health Care ◽

High Educational Attainment ◽

Health Care Supply ◽

High Educational

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High–High Educational Attainment and Socioeconomic Progression

Caribbean Achievement in Britain ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-65476-8_9 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 139-152

Author(s):

Winniey E Maduro

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

High Educational Attainment ◽

High Educational

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Environmental smoke exposure among daily smokers with low vs. high educational attainment

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.552 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. e202

Author(s):

Jennifer W. Tidey ◽

Rachel Denlinger ◽

Dorothy Hatsukami ◽

Eric Donny

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

High Educational Attainment ◽

High Educational

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The Intergenerational Transmission of Education: A Case Study from Iceland

Icelandic Review of Politics & Administration ◽

10.13177/irpa.a.2020.16.2.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 243-260

Author(s):

Emil Dagsson ◽

Þorlákur Karlsson ◽

Gylfi Zoega

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Intergenerational Transmission ◽

Education Level ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

High Educational Attainment ◽

Intergenerational Transmission Of Education ◽

Over Time ◽

High Educational ◽

Parents Education

We estimate the relation between parents’ education and the education of their children, using survey data from Iceland. We find a positive correlation between the education of parents and their children, as well as a positive correlation between parents’ emphasis on the importance of education and their children’s education. Parents with strong educational emphasis do not necessarily need to have high educational attainment in our sample. The mother’s education appears to matter somewhat more than that of the father. In a multiple regression analysis, we find a positive and statistically significant effect of both the mother and the father’s education on the educational attainment of children as well as an effect of the mother and the father’s emphasis of the importance of education, while controlling for gender, age and residence. The results show that parents’ emphasis on education has almost the same effect on children as the parents’ education level. We attempt to make a comparison between the correlation in Iceland and in other countries, in particular the four Nordic countries that have a weaker transmission between generations than most other nations. We find that it is lower in Iceland than the Nordic average. Finally, we find that the influence of parents has not changed much over time by omitting the youngest cohort between the ages of 24 and 35.

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Educational Attainment and Tobacco Harm Knowledge Among American Adults: Diminished Returns of African Americans and Hispanics

International journal of epidemiologic research ◽

10.34172/ijer.2020.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 6-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shervin Assari ◽

Mohsen Bazargan

Keyword(s):

African Americans ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Highly Educated ◽

High Educational Attainment ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Educational

Background and aims: Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) refer to the smaller effects of educational attainment for ethnic minorities compared to the majority group. As a result of MDRs, research has documented more than expected tobacco use among Hispanics and African Americans (AAs) with high educational attainment. In theory, some of this increased risk may be due to lower tobacco harm knowledge. Accordingly, the present study compared ethnic groups for the association between educational attainment and tobacco harm knowledge among American adults in order to better understand a potential mechanism behind MDRs of educational attainment on tobacco use of Hispanics and AAs. Methods: The current cross-sectional study used baseline data of 27,405 adults, which were obtained from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2013) study a nationally representative survey in the United States. The independent and dependent variables were educational attainment and tobacco harm knowledge, respectively. In addition, age, gender, employment, and poverty status were the covariates and ethnicity was the moderator. Finally, linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Educational attainment was inversely associated with tobacco harm knowledge in the pooled sample (b=0.11, 95% CI=0.09 - 0.13). Ethnicity showed a statistically significant interaction with educational attainment (b=-0.05, 95% CI=-0.10 - 0.00 for AAs and b=-0.14, 95% CI=-0.19 - -0.09 for Hispanics versus non-Hispanics), suggesting that the effect of educational attainment on tobacco harm knowledge was smaller for Hispanics and AAs compared to non-Hispanics and Whites. Conclusion: In general, although high educational attainment increases tobacco harm knowledge, highly educated Hispanics and AAs still report a disproportionately low level of tobacco harm knowledge. Eventually, the MDRs of educational attainment on tobacco harm knowledge may explain why highly educated Hispanics remain at high risk of tobacco use.

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