Sub-chronic palladium nanoparticle effects on the endocrine reproductive system of female Wistar rats: Preliminary data

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veruscka Leso ◽  
Luca Fontana ◽  
Alessandro Marinaccio ◽  
Kerstin Leopold ◽  
Caterina Fanali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

The technologically interesting properties of palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) allowed their widespread industrial application, although concerns emerged on increasing general and occupational levels of exposure. In this context, to assess the toxicological behavior of Pd-NPs, and particularly their endocrine disruptive potential, has become a public health priority. Therefore, we evaluated Pd-NP impact on the female endocrine reproductive system of Wistar rats sub-chronically treated for 90 days with increasing doses of this xenobiotic (0.12, 1.2, and 12 µg/kg, administered at days 1, 30, and 60 for cumulative doses of 0.36, 3.6, and 36 µg/kg) via the intravenous route. In this regard, we investigated potential alterations in different sex hormone, for example, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and testosterone, serum concentrations. All treated groups showed significantly greater levels of FSH compared to controls, suggesting a possible impact of Pd-NPs on the regulatory system that controls the normal physiology of female reproductive function. Although relevant, since obtained under sub-chronic, low-dose conditions of exposure resembling those encountered in real-world scenarios, the present results are preliminary and require confirmation as well as identification of the possible underlining molecular mechanisms. From a public and occupational health perspective, implications for the reproductive health of exposed subjects and the next generations of women exposed during their childbearing age or pregnancy should be elucidated. This information is essential to elaborate adequate preventive strategies for assessing and controlling possible Pd-NPs adverse effects on the endocrine system.

scholarly journals Pesticides as endocrine distruptors of the reproductive system (literature review and own research)

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Ninel Shepelska ◽  
Mykola Prodanchuk ◽  
Yana Kolianchuk
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Currently, one of the main threats to human health is undoubtedly endocrine disruptors (ED), since they directly disrupt the processes of homeostasis maintenance, controlled by the endocrine system, the purpose of which is to maintain normal functions and development in a constantly changing environment. Pesticides can disrupt the physiological functioning of many endocrine axes, including the endocrine mechanisms that ensure reproductive health. It should be noted that research aimed at preventing chemically induced reproductive disorders in the human population is one of the central areas of preventive medicine, both in terms of their importance and the complexity of the tasks being solved. Analysis and generalization of the results of our own long-term studies have shown that the selective, and, therefore, the most dangerous toxicity of pesticides for the reproductive system is determined by endocrine-mediated mechanisms of etiopathogenesis. The low level of doses inducing pathological changes in reproductive function in our studies fully confirms one of the universal signs inherent in endocrine-distruptive compounds. The above examples demonstrate a wide range of possible endocrine-mediated mechanisms of reproductive toxicity of pesticides - endocrine disruptors. However, it is very important to note that low doses may be more effective in changing some endpoints compared to high (toxic) doses. Currently, several mechanisms have been identified and studied that demonstrate how hormones and ED induce non-monotonic reactions in animal cells, tissues and organs. The reproductive system, the functioning of which is ensured by a fine balancing of the action of androgens and estrogens, is one of the systems that presents a unique opportunity for modeling a non-monotonic dose dependence. All of the above indicates the extreme danger of the impact of hormonally active agents on the reproductive health of a person and his offspring. At the same time, the threat of endocrine-mediated disorders for subsequent generations can also be realized through the induction of mechanisms of development of epigenetic transgenerational effects. Taking into account the results of studies of the mechanisms of the ED destructive action, as well as their ability to induce non-monotonic dose dependence at an extremely low dose level, it should be admitted that, apparently, there is a need to revise the paradigm of methodological approaches to the regulation of pesticides with endocrine-disruptive properties. Key words: pesticides, endocrine disruptors, reproductive system

scholarly journals Reproductive Function Evaluation in Female Wistar Rats Treated with Aqueous leaf Extract of Cissusaralioides

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 857-864
Author(s):  
Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze ◽  
Anthony Emeka Ojieh ◽  
Richard Nduka Ossai ◽  
ChidinmaNwanneamaka Eke
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
The Family ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

ABSTRACT: Background: Medicinal plants are increasingly getting recognition. Cissus aralioides is a lofty climber belonging to the family of Vitaceae and widely distributed in South-Eastern region of Nigeria. Varied therapeutic benefits as well as well health harming effects have been reported about the plant. This study evaluated the effects of aqueous extract of Cissus aralioides leaf on reproductive functions in female Wistar rats.Methods: 72 adult female Wistar rats weighing between 110-180/g were used for the study. The animals were randomly grouped into 6 groups of twelve rats each (n=12). Groups 1 and 2 served as control while groups 3 to 6 were the experimental groups and were administered (100/mg, 200/mg, 300/mg and 500/mg)/kg of the extract respectively for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and centrifuged to obtain the serum for biochemical analysis for Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Estrogen and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Data were analyzed using the SPSS package and expressed as mean± SEM and ANOVA.Results: There was significant body weight reduction across groups administered with the extract. Also, there were significant decrease in estrogen level in groups that received 300/mg/kg and 500/mg/kg when compared with the control groups, a similar decrease was not observed with LH and FSH across the groups.Conclusion: Observations from this study shows that aqueous leaf extract of Cissus aralioides decreases circulating levels of estrogen in female Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Penicillin on Reproductive Function in Female Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyedeji K.O ◽  
Momoh R.O ◽  
Oderinde Gbenga
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Fertility Effect ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Histopathological Studies

This study was designed to investigate the effect of penicillin on reproductive function in female Wistar rats. Fifteen female rats (120 – 160 g) were used for the estrous cycle and histopathological studies. Penicillin (17.14 mg/kg) was administered orally on daily basis for 21 and 50 days respectively for the estrous cycle and histological studies. Estrous cycle was carried out using the technique of Marcondes et al., histologies of the ovaries and uteri were also carried out. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and student’s t-test at p=0.05. Treatment of rats for 21 days with penicillin (17.14 mg/kg) produced significant (p<0.05) increments in the estrous and metestrous phases as well as a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the proestrous phase of the estrous cycle relative to their respective controls. The histopathological study presented with a moderate endometrial congestion. It can therefore be concluded that penicillin probably has a pro-fertility effect with a moderate deleterious effect on the uteri at histological level in female Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the toxic influence of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) and treatment with aqueous extracts of cinnamon or anise on lipid profile and liver functions of female wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Sabah Ibrahim ◽  
Murwan Sabahelkhier
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Better Than

The toxic effects of vitamin E and its treatment with aqueous extracts of Cinnamon or anise on lipid profile and liver functions of female wistar rats were examined for six weeks during September 2016 at labs in al-Neelain University. 18 rats were divided into six groups: 1. negative control group (sunflower oil), 2. Positive control group and rest groups given (1500 mg/Kg/BW/day of Vitamin E). After two hours, the four treated groups received a low dose (2.13g/Kg) and a high dose (3.20g/Kg) 20g/Kg from Cinnamon aqueous extract (CAE) and Anise aqueous extract (AAE). At the end rats were sacrificed then serum and liver tissues were analyzed. Vitamin E toxic dose had caused a significant increase in serum Triglycerides (TG), Alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels, while it decreased the levels of High-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC) and Aspartate amino transferase (AST). All treatments decreased TG and ALT levels. CAE low dose significantly increased TC, LDL and HDL levels. CAE high dose caused a significant decrease in AST, TC, and LDL. Both doses of AAE, caused significant increases on AST levels, and only anise low dose caused a significant decrease on TC and LDL levels. Vitamin E toxic dose caused severe fatty change in liver histology, which was near normal in both doses of CAE with a small necrosis in a low dose. Only AAE low dose normalized the liver. To conclude Vitamin E oral administration with a dose of (1500 mg/Kg) induced liver injury with an elevation in ALT and TG levels, which was significantly ameliorated by both treatments. Cinnamon was better than anise in ameliorating the toxicity. Cinnamon high dose was better than Cinnamon low dose; in contrast anise low dose was better than Anise high dose.

scholarly journals Neonatally induced mild diabetes: influence on development, behavior and reproductive function of female Wistar rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Inhasz Kiss ◽  
Barbara Woodside ◽  
Yuri Sinzato ◽  
Maria Bernardi ◽  
Wilma De Grava Kempinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Mild Diabetes ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Palladium nanoparticle effects on endocrine reproductive system of female rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Leso ◽  
L Fontana ◽  
A Marinaccio ◽  
K Leopold ◽  
C Fanali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Quantitative Changes

The widespread industrial application of nanomaterials (NMs) has dramatically increased the likelihood of environmental and occupational exposure of humans to such xenobiotics. This issue, together with the increasing public health interest in understanding the effects of chemicals on endocrine system, encouraged to investigate the disruptive potential of NMs on the endocrine function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) on the female reproductive system of Wistar rats, intravenously exposed to different doses (0.12, 1.2, and 12 µg/kg), through the assessment of possible quantitative changes in the serum concentrations of several sex hormones. Our results demonstrated that the highest exposure doses significantly reduced the estradiol and testosterone concentrations, while increased the luteinizing hormone levels in treated animals compared to controls. Such alterations are indicative for an abnormal reproductive axis function. However, further investigations are needed to clarify the role of the different NP physicochemical properties in determining such effects, and possible underlining molecular mechanisms, as well as their relevance for the development of diseases in the female reproductive system. Overall, this may be helpful to define accurate risk assessment and management strategies to protect the health of the general and occupational populations exposed to Pd-NPs.

scholarly journals Effects of leptin on secretion of LH and FSH from primary cultured female rat pituitary cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ogura ◽  
M Irahara ◽  
M Kiyokawa ◽  
M Tezuka ◽  
T Matsuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND: Leptin, which is the product of the obese gene, is believed to play important roles in pubertal development and reproductive function in females. In a study using adult male rats, it was found that leptin stimulated secretion of gonadotropin from the pituitary in a dose-related manner. However, there has been no such study in female rats. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of leptin on the production of LH and FSH from the pituitary in female rats, using primary cultured pituitary cells. METHODS: In this study, we determined body weight, serum leptin concentration and serum estradiol (E(2)) concentration in female Wistar rats at 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11 weeks of age, and cultured pituitary cells from 6-week-old female Wistar rats with leptin (0--10(-7) mol/l) and GnRH (0 or 10(-8) mol/l). Then basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH were assayed by RIA. RESULTS: Serum leptin concentration increased with increases in body weight and E(2) concentration. The pubertal serum leptin concentration was about 10(-10) mol/l. At a lower or moderate concentration, leptin produced dose-related increases in both basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH in pituitary cells. At a concentration of 10 mol/l, leptin significantly (P<0.05) stimulated both basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH. However, at greater concentrations, these effects diminished. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that leptin induced pituitary cells to produce and secrete both LH and FSH, with or without GnRH. The concentration of leptin that induced the greatest production of gonadotropins by pituitary cells was 10(-10) mol/l, which was the same as the physiological pubertal concentration. Leptin may be involved in the onset of puberty. It is also conceivable that leptin may be a cause of ovulatory failure, not only in weight loss but also in weight gain.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals—Mechanisms of action on male reproductive system

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Sidorkiewicz ◽  
Kamil Zaręba ◽  
Sławomir Wołczyński ◽  
Jan Czerniecki
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Exogenous Compounds

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that can cause disturbances in the endocrine system and have multiple harmful effects on health by targeting different organs and systems in the human body. Mass industrial production and widespread use of EDCs have resulted in worldwide contamination. Accumulating evidence suggest that human exposure to EDCs is related to the impairment of male reproductive function and can interrupt other hormonally regulated metabolic processes, particularly if exposure occurs during early development. Investigation of studies absent in previous reviews and meta-analysis of adverse effects of EDCs on functioning of the male reproductive system is the core of this work. Four main modes of action of EDCs on male fertility have been summarized in this review. First, studies describing estrogen- pathway disturbing chemicals are investigated. Second, androgen-signaling pathway alterations and influence on androgen sensitive tissues are examined. Third, evaluation of steroidogenesis dysfunction is discussed by focusing on the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway, which is targeted by EDCs. Last, the reportedly destructive role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on sperm function is discussed. Spermatogenesis is a remarkably complex process, hence multiple studies point out various dysfunctions depending on the development state at which the exposure occurred. Collected data show the need to account for critical windows of exposure such as fetal, perinatal and pubertal periods as well as effects of mixtures of several compounds in future research.

Neonatal isoflavone exposure interferes with the reproductive system of female Wistar rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Müller ◽  
Sebastian T. Soukup ◽  
Anne Kurrat ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Marion Schmicke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Isoflurane but not halothane minimum alveolar concentration-sparing response of dexmedetomidine is enhanced in rats chronically treated with selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
M Santos ◽  
J A Ibancovichi ◽  
I Millán ◽  
F J Tendillo
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Naive Group ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Sparing Effect

Halothane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)-sparing response is preserved in rats rendered tolerant to the action of dexmedetomidine. It has been shown that halothane and isoflurane act at different sites to produce immobility. The authors studied whether there was any difference between halothane and isoflurane MAC-sparing effects of dexmedetomidine in rats after chronic administration of a low dose of this drug. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups of six animals: two groups received 10 μg/kg intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine for five days (treated groups) and the other two groups received intraperitoneal saline solution for five days (naive groups) prior to halothane or isoflurane MAC determination (one treated and one naive group of halothane and one treated and one naive group of isoflurane). Halothane or isoflurane MAC determination was performed before (basal) and 30 min after an intraperitoneal dose of 30 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine (post-dex) from alveolar gas samples at the time of tail clamp. Administration of an acute dose of dexmedetomidine to animals that had chronically received dexmedetomidine resulted in a MAC-sparing effect that was similar to that seen in naive animals for halothane; however, the same treatment increased the MAC-sparing response of dexmedetomidine for isoflurane. Isoflurane but not halothane MAC-sparing response of acutely administered dexmedetomidine is enhanced in rats chronically treated with this drug.

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