Attitude to Non-Violence Scale: Validity and Practical Use

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (13) ◽  
pp. 2018-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda G. Craven ◽  
Marjorie Seaton ◽  
Alexander S. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Validity Scale ◽  
Equivalence Tests ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Secondary Classes ◽  
Violence Attitudes ◽  
Senior Secondary

This study used recent advances in attitude and self-perception research to develop an Attitude to Non-Violence Scale (ANVS). Participants were students from six high schools in Australia ( N = 727). Confirmatory factor analysis using within-construct and between-construct validation approaches found two positive attitude sub-scales: Cognitive (proactive understanding) and Affective (do not endorse violence), both showing convergent and discriminant validity. Scale equivalence tests found that the sub-scales were applicable to boys and girls and to junior and senior grades. Structural equation modeling found that boys had less supportive attitudes to non-violence cognitively, whereas female students in senior secondary classes had less positive attitudes to non-violence affectively. The ANVS can be easily administered to assess youth’s non-violence attitudes, which may direct interventions focusing on boys’ cognitive aspects while maintaining girls’ positive affective attitudes toward non-violence as they mature. The positively framed instrument is suitable for education settings especially in high-risk locations where violence is prevalent.

Common Method Bias in PLS-SEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned Kock
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Common Method Bias ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Partial Least Squares Method ◽  
Method Bias

The author discusses common method bias in the context of structural equation modeling employing the partial least squares method (PLS-SEM). Two datasets were created through a Monte Carlo simulation to illustrate the discussion: one contaminated by common method bias, and the other not contaminated. A practical approach is presented for the identification of common method bias based on variance inflation factors generated via a full collinearity test. The author's discussion builds on an illustrative model in the field of e-collaboration, with outputs generated by the software WarpPLS. They demonstrate that the full collinearity test is successful in the identification of common method bias with a model that nevertheless passes standard convergent and discriminant validity assessment criteria based on a confirmation factor analysis.

scholarly journals Dynamic Capabilities and Competitive Advantage of Telecommunication Companies in Ghana. The Role of Innovation Capability

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-160
Author(s):  
Nana Esi Quagraine ◽  
Cai Li ◽  
Isaac Ahakwa ◽  
Nana Aba Quagraine
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Telecommunication Companies

This paper explored the link between dynamic capabilities, innovation capabilities, and competitive advantage of telecommunication companies in Ghana, considering a mediation interaction. Data were obtained from two hundred and fifty (250) employees from selected telecommunication companies in the Accra metropolis through simple random probability sampling. However, two hundred and forty-two (242) responses were deemed accurate and used in the analysis. Partial Least Squares (PLS) based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed in the analysis. From the findings, this study’s data met internal consistency reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity. Dynamic capabilities had a positive and significant impact on innovation capability and competitive advantage. Also, dynamic capabilities through innovation capability positively impacted competitive advantage and were statistically significant. Based on the findings, it’s recommended that organizations and managers consider both exploitation and exploration competencies in product development as both competencies influence various aspects of an organization’s competitive advantage, as this will help ensure organizations’ sustainable performance and thus remain competitive.

scholarly journals Nurture interest-driven creators in programmable robotics education: an empirical investigation in primary school settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-Cheung Kong ◽  
Yi-Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Robotics Education ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn response to the call from the founders of the Interest-Driven Creator (IDC) theory, this study aimed to explore the relationship of the interest loop with creativity in the context of robotics education. Specifically, we designed a programmable robotics course for primary school students. We attempted to explore in detail how interest loop, i.e., triggering interest, immersing interest, and extending interest, exerts influences on students’ robotics creation. Eight hundred one online questionnaires were collected from students who participated in our designed programmable robotics activities. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was first used for validation of each study variable, and results suggested a good fit of the study variables in terms of convergent and discriminant validity. Then, structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted for examining the potential relationships between them, and results indicated significant and positive paths from triggering interest to immersing interest, and from immersing interest to extending interest, suggesting the valid theoretical proposition of interest loop of IDC theory. In addition, immersing interest is positively related to robotics creation, which in turn increases the chance of extending interest. Our findings suggested the importance of raising students’ interest in robotics learning such that young students can become life-long interest-driven creators. Implications of the study were discussed at the end of the paper.

Fashion attributes preferred by young Bangladeshi consumers while buying casual clothes

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamgid Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Tania Akter
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Apparel Industry ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Made In

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to identify a list of fashion attributes preferred by young Bangladeshi consumers while buying casual clothes; second, to test the applicability of Kano’s quality theory in the apparel industry; and, finally, to explore the differences in fashion priorities between male and female consumers.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on primary data collected through a survey from 1,177 young consumers of urban Bangladesh. Structural equation modeling was used to develop the attribute index. Also, convergent and discriminant validity and construct reliability of the index were tested.FindingsThe study offers a four-dimensional 19-item index representing the desirable fashion attributes. This paper also confirms the applicability of Kano’s theory in the apparel industry. Results revealed that “well-designed casual attires” and “discount offers” are top-ranking attributes as perceived by both male and female consumers. However, there are differences in the preferences. Women prioritized irritation-free, durable and soft fabric, whereas men preferred attributes such as suitability of color and functionality in the workplace.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study provide clothing suppliers of Bangladesh with information that may be utilized while preparing their options. For instance, as casual clothes are frequently worn and washed, a quality fabric that looks good even after several washes is highly recommended. Dress manufacturers need to offer colorful attires to women, whereas for men, more color options should be available. Casual clothes should be made in a way that they are acceptable in the community and workplace.Originality/valueAs research on exploring desirable fashion qualities in developing markets (especially in South Asian region) is rare, this study is contributing to the literature by offering validated apparel attribute index.

A Contribution Toward the Adaptation and Validation of the Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Scale in Italy and Portugal

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Spagnoli ◽  
Susana C. Santos ◽  
António Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) seems to play a key role in the entrepreneurial career choice. The main goal of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the ESE Scale proposed by McGee, Peterson, Mueller, and Sequeira both in Italy and Portugal. In particular, this study aims to strengthen and extend previous evidence of the Italian version of the ESE Scale and to assess its psychometric properties in Portugal. Furthermore, it aims at investigating the differences between two groups of participants both in Italy and Portugal: entrepreneurs and students. Construct, convergent, and discriminant validity of the ESE Scale were assessed through confirmatory factorial analysis and multigroups confirmatory factorial analysis using structural equation modeling. Configural, full metric, and partial scalar invariance were achieved. Moreover, correlational analysis, reliability analysis, and one-way analysis of variance were conducted. The findings support the use of the ESE Scale in Italy and Portugal for research and practical purposes. Limitation and suggestion for further research are also discussed.

scholarly journals Developing a Measure for Online Shopping Mall Reputation (OSMR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3818
Author(s):  
Heeseung Yu ◽  
Eunkyoung Han
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This study was conducted with the purpose of developing and validating multidimensional reputation criteria for evaluating online shopping malls, which have been growing explosively since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. A Delphi study was conducted with a group of 31 professionals, and the initial items for online shopping mall reputation were derived from that study. Those items were used to devise a questionnaire that was administered to 531 consumers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in 17 items based on four factors: reliability, technical skills, customer service, and accessibility. Convergent and discriminant validity were verified between the factors. Finally, structural equation modeling was used to verify the nomological validity of the scale. This online shopping mall reputation scale is expected to provide a standard for companies to effectively manage the reputations of online shopping malls in the future and for consumers to choose online shopping malls they can trust.

scholarly journals How Servant Leaders Psychologically Empower Their Followers

Tourism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-526
Author(s):  
Özcan Zorlu ◽  
Ahmet Baytok ◽  
Ali Avan ◽  
Emre İnci
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Servant Leaders ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This study aims to examine any possible effects of servant leadership (SL) on psychological empowerment (PE) in terms of sub dimensionality. Implementing convenience sampling, 356 questionnaires were collected from five-star hotel employees in Antalya. The overall relationships were tested by conducting Pearson’s correlation analysis, and all constructs were subjected to the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Later on, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted in terms of providing support for dimensionality and confirmed convergent and discriminant validity via Amos. To test the hypothesized model, structural equation modeling was employed. The model showed that Agapao love has a substantial significant positive effect on the meaning sub-dimension of the PE, and the same effect was observed in the competence and impact sub-dimensions of the PE. Along with Agapao love, trust was also significant and had positive effects on PE sub-dimensions. Referring to our discussion in this paper, leaders should support their followers in terms of psychological empowerment and preferably closely interact with their subordinates as an expected leadership behavior in service enterprises. Besides, trustworthiness is a crucial cue for kitchen employees in terms of motivation, inspiration, and competence.

Development and Validation of the Teacher RISE Support Scale in Physical Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ting Hsu ◽  
Min Pan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity

Purpose: To develop a measure of student-perceived teacher relation-inferred self-efficacy (RISE) support in physical education in terms of the Teacher RISE Support Scale, through a series of three studies. Methods: In Studies 1 and 2, interviews, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to develop a conceptually sound and psychometrically robust measure for teachers’ RISE-supporting behaviors. In Study 3, the authors examined the concurrent validity of teachers’ RISE support construct in relation to students’ RISE and relevant student outcomes. Results: The three-factor, second-order structure of the Teacher RISE Support Scale was confirmed, with results supporting construct validity and providing evidence of factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity. Furthermore, structural equation modeling supported concurrent validity, showing that students’ perceptions of teacher RISE support correlated positively with RISE and responsibility. Conclusions: Overall, the results provide preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the Teacher RISE Support Scale as a measurement for teacher RISE-supporting behaviors in physical education.

scholarly journals Separating Content and Structure in Humor Appreciation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Heintz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Humor Appreciation ◽  
Structure Factors

Abstract. The present study empirically tests a bimodal model of humor appreciation. In this model, individual differences in evaluating jokes and cartoons are attributed to their contents (sexual and aggressive) and structures (incongruity-resolution and nonsense). A total of 225 participants (64% women, Mage = 32.37 years) rated 50 jokes and cartoons on funniness, offensiveness, and boringness. They also completed a standard humor appreciation measure (the 3 WD). Using structural equation modeling, the bimodal model was found to be superior to alternative models. Regressions predicting the 3 WD categories supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the content and structure factors. In line with previous research, gender differences were found for the content factors, but not for the structure factors. Overall, this study is the first to show the viability of bimodal models of humor appreciation. They allow capturing the sources of individual differences in humor appreciation more adequately than previous models, thus providing a basis for future theories, research, and applications.

Retail Islamic banking and financial services

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Arthur Zinser
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of the intended use of Islamic banking and financial services by US Muslims. It builds on the plethora of studies primarily conducted in Muslim-majority countries. Design/methodology/approach An extended theory of planned behavior model was tested using structural equation modeling. The hypothesized paths were positive attitude, positive subject norms, perceived behavioral control, greater Islamic religiosity and lower perceived cost of being Muslim. A sample size of n = 251 was analyzed. Findings The analysis showed that positive attitudes toward Islamic financial services were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001), and its path was the strongest. The higher Muslim identification path was trending toward being statistically significant (p < 0.086). The analysis also showed that lower perceived cost of being Muslim path was statistically significant (p < 0.035), but in the opposite hypothesized direction. No support was found for the effect of positive subjective norms or perceived behavior control hypotheses. Research limitations/implications The study was exploratory in nature and has limitations, including some discriminant validity problems. Practical implications The paper includes recommendations for US Islamic banking and financial services providers to develop more effective market segmentation and targeting, as well as integrated marketing communication strategies. Originality/value This paper fulfills a void in research on Islamic marketing in the West, particularly the USA, a country with a nominal Muslim population.

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