The Gender Perspective on Parent-to-child Aggression: Gender and Gender-constellations

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052098037
Author(s):  
David Mehlhausen-Hassoen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Common Risk Factor ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Parental Aggression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Parent-to-child aggressive behavior is a common risk factor for children’s health. Gender is correlated also to the odds of using aggression and the odds of being a victim of aggression. Yet, only few studies have considered the constellation of perpetrator’s and victim’s gender as a factor of parental aggression. The current study addresses parent-to-child aggressive behavior while focusing on the constellation of perpetrator’s and victim’s gender (i.e., mother–daughter, mother–son, father–daughter, father–son). It utilizes a community sample of Israeli university students ( N = 508), 78% of which are female, on average 25.67 years of age ( SD = 8.29). The participants reported the incidence and frequency of verbal and physical aggressive behavior of their parents against them during the years of middle school. The results show gender and gender-constellation to be significantly correlated with parental aggression. Overall, sons were more likely to suffer both verbal and physical aggression from their parents than daughters were. Only paternal verbal and physical aggression was more common against daughters, and only maternal verbal and physical aggression was more common against sons. Parental verbal and physical aggression from both parents were more common against sons. For all types and forms of parental aggression, daughters reported higher frequencies. These results suggest that while parent’s gender might predict their overall aggressive behavior, and child’s gender might predict their overall odds to be victimized by parental aggression, gender-constellation might create gender-specific selective patterns of parental aggressive behavior. Thus, the theoretical contribution of this study is in emphasizing that gender-constellations have an explanatory value beyond gender alone. These findings might be valuable to assess the risk of daughters and sons to suffer parental aggression, and for practitioners to provide apt professional response.

scholarly journals Parental aggression as a predictor of boys’ hostile attribution across the transition to middle school

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Yaros ◽  
John E. Lochman ◽  
Karen Wells
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Transition To Middle School ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
Hostile Attribution ◽  
Parental Aggression ◽  
Hostile Attributions

Aggression among youth is a public health problem that is often studied in the context of how youth interpret social information. Social cognitive factors, especially hostile attribution biases, have been identified as risk factors for the development of youth aggression, particularly across the transition to middle school. Parental behaviors, including parental aggression to children in the form of corporal punishment and other aggressive behavior, have also been linked to aggressive behavior in children at these ages. Despite the important role played by these two risk factors, the connection between the two has not been fully studied in the literature. This study examined the link between parental aggression and children’s hostile attributions longitudinally among a diverse sample of 123 boys as they entered middle school. Results support acceptance of a model in which parental aggression to children prior to entering middle school predicted children’s hostile attributions after the transition to middle school above and beyond that which was predicted by previous levels of hostile attributions. As expected, hostile attributions also predicted change in parent- and teacher-rated child aggression. These findings provide important evidence of the role that parental behavior plays in youth social cognition at this critical age, which has implications for understanding the development of aggressive behavior.

Can a Family-Focused, Transition-to-Parenthood Program Prevent Parent and Partner Aggression Among Couples With Young Children?

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marni L. Kan ◽  
Mark E. Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
Family Based ◽  
And Control ◽  
Children’S Exposure ◽  
Family Aggression ◽  
Parent Child

The need for prevention of children’s exposure to family aggression is clear, yet studies have not examined effects of family based programs on both partner and parent–child aggression. This study examined moderated effects of an 8-session psychoeducational program for couples on partner psychological aggression and parent–child physical aggression when the child was 3 years old. A community sample of 169 expectant couples was randomized to intervention and control conditions. Significant program effects indicated reduced partner psychological aggression by fathers and reduced parent–child physical aggression by mothers for couples with frequent preprogram partner psychological aggression and reduced partner psychological aggression by fathers for couples with severe preprogram partner physical aggression. Efforts to prevent children’s exposure to family aggression may most benefit couples exhibiting preprogram relationship risk.

Dating Aggression Among High School Students

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Schwartz ◽  
Susan G. O’Leary ◽  
Kimberly T. Kendziora
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Dating Aggression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Parental Aggression ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Female High School

Links were examined among physical aggression toward a dating partner, parental aggression, and justification of physical aggression during an argument in a sample of 228 (122 male and 106 female) high school students. Forty-four percent of females and 16% of males reported engaging in at least one physically aggressive behavior toward a dating partner during a disagreement, with the modal form of aggression being push, grab or shove for both males and females. The probability that a male, but not a female, would aggress was significantly predicted by parental aggression and justification of aggression. Among aggressive students, the extent of males’ aggression was strongly predicted by their justification of aggression; the extent of females’ aggression was not predictable. Implications for prevention and intervention programs are discussed.

The 20210 A Allele of the Prothrombin Gene Is a Common Risk Factor among Swedish Outpatients with Verified Deep Venous Thrombosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (03) ◽  
pp. 0990-0992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hillarp ◽  
Bengt Zӧller ◽  
Peter J Svensson ◽  
Bjӧrn Dahlbäck
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Risk Factor ◽  
Apc Resistance ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Prothrombin Gene

SummaryA dimorphism in the 3’-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene (G to A transition at position 20210) has recently been reported to be associated with increases in plasma prothrombin levels and in the risk of venous thrombosis (1). We have examined the prothrombin dimorphism among 99 unselected outpatients with phlebography verified deep venous thrombosis, and in 282 healthy controls. The prevalence of the 20210 A allele was 7.1% (7/99) in the patient group, and 1.8% (5/282) in the healthy control group (p = 0.0095). The relative risk of venous thrombosis was calculated to be 4.2 (95% Cl, 1.3 to 13.6), and was still significant when adjustment was made for age, sex and the factor V:R506Q mutation causing APC resistance [odds ratio 3.8 (95% Cl, 1.1 13.2)]. As previously reported, 28% of the patients were carriers of the factor V:R506Q mutation. Thus, 34% (one patient carried both traits) of unselected patients with deep venous thrombosis were carriers of an inherited prothrombotic disorder. To sum up, our results confirm the 20210 A allele of the prothrombin gene to be an important risk factor for venous thrombosis.

1603-P: Changes in Age- and Gender-Specific All-Cause Mortality Rates and Ratios in People with T2DM in Hungary between 2001-2016: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1603-P
Author(s):  
GYORGY JERMENDY ◽  
ZOLTAN KISS ◽  
GYÖRGY ROKSZIN ◽  
IBOLYA FÁBIÁN ◽  
ISTVAN WITTMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Sex and Gender Differences in Rilpivirine based ART - Data from the HIVCENTER Frankfurt

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
G. Schüttfort ◽  
K. Philipp ◽  
P. de Leuw ◽  
E. Herrmann ◽  
G. Kann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Virologic Response ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Objectives: While Rilpivirine has shown high overall response rates in treatment-naïve patients without sex and gender specific differences in clinical trials, Sex and gender specific data in treatment experienced patients receiving rilpivirine are still limited. We conducted a 48 week efficacy and safety analysis in naïve and treatment experienced men and women using retrospective data from the HIVCENTER Frankfurt. Materials and methods: In this retrospective observational study data of all patients who received a rilpivirine based regimen at the HIVCENTER between March 2011 and December 2015 were analyzed. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with any discontinuation until week 48. Virologic response rates (FDA snapshot analysis; HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) were assessed at week 48. Results: 194 patients (34% female) were included in the analysis. 74% were treatment-experienced and 26% naïve, respectively. Discontinuations were observed in 31 (15.9%) patients. Regarding sex differences, the proportion of discontinuations was significantly higher in women than in men (24.2% vs. 11.7%; p=0.024; ODDS-Ratio = 2.41; CI 1.12 – 5.18). Virologic failure occurred in 8 PLWHIV (4.1%). Conclusions: While virologic overall response rates to rilpivirine based ART were high for both treatment-experienced and -naïve patients the proportion of discontinuations was significantly higher in women (24.2% vs. 11.7%; p = 0.024; ODDS-Ratio = 2.41; CI 1.12 – 5.18). Although the total number of patients with virologic failure was low (4.1%), the higher rate of ART discontinuations in female patients receiving RPV require close monitoring in the first months of treatment addressing special needs of women living with HIV.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Patterns of Palmaris Longus Muscle Absence in an Iranian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
Mehdi Forouzesh ◽  
Abdolrazagh Barzegar ◽  
Fardin Fallah
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Tendon Graft ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Geographical Variability ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Palmaris Longus (PL) is a muscle of the forearm, i.e., not functionally necessary and does not exist in all people. It is a choice for tendon graft and investigating its prevalence is of clinical importance. During April-October 2009, 102 cadavers (78 males, 24 females) were bilaterally necropsied for PL exploration in Zanjan City, Iran. PL Absence (PLA) was observed in 37 (36.3%) cases (28 males, 9 females). PLA prevalence was similar in men (36%) and women (37.5%). Of PLA cases, 19 (51%) were unilateral (14 males, 5 females), and 18 (49%) were bilateral (14 males, 4 females). In conclusion, PLA prevalence of 36.3% in our population was similar to other studies conducted in Iran. We found no gender difference in PLA prevalence and its patterns. Due to geographical variability in PLA rate, future regional and national studies with more magnificent sample sizes are recommended to determine the prevalence and gender-specific patterns of PLA.

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