Ordinary Poles Look at the Jews

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Sułek
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Public ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This article constitutes a meta-analysis of sociological surveys conducted between 1967 and 2010 on the attitudes of Poles towards Jews. This analysis covers factual knowledge about Jews, like/dislike feelings, social distance, cognitive schema, and views regarding Polish–Jewish history. The results reflect a general nonacceptance of strangers as well as a specific type of anti-Semitism with strong roots in and encompassing a broad spectrum of Polish society. In this respect, Poland and some of the other Central Eastern European countries are much alike and distinguish themselves negatively in comparison to Western Europe. Nevertheless, in the last decade a positive shift in Polish attitudes towards Jews has been manifesting itself: feelings of closeness are increasing while disapproving cognitive schemes are decreasing. Further changes depend upon the reconstruction of Polish national identity as well as on the public debates delving into Polish–Jewish relations past and present.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES (FACTs) ON STUDENT’S OUTCOMES IN CHEMISTRY AT SECONDARY SCHOOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Babinčáková ◽  
Mária Ganajová ◽  
Ivana Sotáková ◽  
Paweł Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Classroom Techniques ◽  
The Us ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Assessment in many Central- and Eastern-European countries is dominated by summative assessment (SA). Simultaneously, researchers and educators from western Europe and the US proclaim the formative assessment (FA) as an important element of the educational process and advise including it into curricula and everyday teachers’ practice. The research presented herein reports an introduction of formative assessment classroom techniques (FACTs) during chemistry lessons at K7 level in Slovakia. In total 202 students participated in the research. They were divided randomly into a control (n=97) and an experimental (n=105) group, and the intervention covered 10 successive lessons. After the intervention, the student’s outcomes were compared using the test checking student’s knowledge and skills according to various domains of Bloom’s revised taxonomy. The results suggested a statistically significant increase in the score of the experimental group, and a detailed analysis revealed that the increase was significant in both lower- and higher-order cognitive skills area. Finally, the students’ reaction on the introduction of formative assessment was studied and showed their positive attitude towards the introduced method. Keywords: chemical education, formative assessment classroom techniques, higher-order cognitive skills, secondary school.

scholarly journals Does cultural heritage affect job satisfaction? The East-West divide

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Nikica Mojsoska-Blazevski ◽  
Marjan Petreski ◽  
Venera Krliu-Handjiski
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
East European ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The objective of this paper is to examine the factors influencing workers’ job satisfaction aside from the conventional factors, in the light of basic cultural values and beliefs, and then to set this into a comparative perspective for three groups of countries: South-East European (SEE) countries, Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) and Western Europe. Cultural values are grouped into traditional vs. secular-rational values and survival vs. self-expression values. The main result of the study is that culture has a considerable effect on job satisfaction across all groups of countries under investigation. However, there are between-group differences in terms of the relative importance of specific cultural values for job satisfaction. We also find some evidence suggesting the persistency of cultures and slow-moving institutions.

scholarly journals Altering Cooking and Eating Habits during the Romanian Communist Regime by Using Cookbooks

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Ina Irina Ghita
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
At Home

This digital project examines the role of a cook book, Sanda Marin’s Carte de Bucate, first published in 1936,  as a vehicle for social education in Communist Romania. The book was censored and transformed during the Communist regime as two interconnected phenomena were taking place: the reinforcing of the ideology of the Communist model and an increasing economic crisis that led to scarcity of food. The paper also pays attention to how the language and tone used in the book changed depending on the understanding of gender roles in different decades. In spite of Communist claims of an equal division of responsibilities, procuring of food and cooking was considered a woman’s task.   By addressing equal responsibility in the public sphere, not at home, the progress toward gender equity reached after the War was completely erased during communism since women had to work and also be responsible for all domestic duties at home, a situation that has been similar in other eastern European countries to this day.  

An examination of emerging adulthood in Romanian college students

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Norm Compliance ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Adult Roles

Little work has been done to examine emerging adulthood in Eastern European countries such as Romania that are making the transition out of communism into the broader free-market economy of Western Europe. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the criteria that college students in Romania have for adulthood, and (b) explore whether differences in adulthood criteria, achievement of those criteria, and identity development are related to variations in adult status (i.e., perceptions of being an adult coupled with taking on adult responsibilities). Participants included 230 Romanian young people (136 women, 94 men) aged 18—27 attending a university in Romania’s second largest city. Results found that (a) the majority of Romanian young people did not consider themselves to be adults; (b) issues related to relational maturity, financial independence, and norm compliance ranked as the most important criteria for adulthood; (c) there was pervasive optimism about the future, including careers, relationships, finances, and overall quality of life; and (d) findings regarding identity development differed according to the extent that young people perceived themselves to be adults and whether or not they had taken on adult roles.

Recent Changes in Suicide Rates in Selected Eastern European and Other European Countries

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Health Organization

Recent major political changes in Eastern European countries might have affected their suicide rates. For this article, suicide statistics available to the World Health Organization were used to compare data from eight Eastern European countries to those from seven countries in Northern or Western Europe. Comparisons were made between 1987 and 1991/92 data using total suicide rates for each country, rates by gender, and rates for the elderly (age 75 and older). The total rates indicated an increase in suicide in Eastern European countries and a decrease in other European countries. The ratio of male-to-female suicides in the Eastern European countries increased during this time as well, more than in other European countries. Among those over the age of 75, however, rates of suicide in Eastern European countries decreased; this pattern was less clear in the European countries chosen for comparison. The article discusses the role of economic, cultural, and health service factors affecting these trends.

scholarly journals Why is the City Maps’ Content of Eastern and Central European Countries So Extensive?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Agata Ciołkosz-Styk ◽  
Wiesław Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The City

Abstract Significant changes in the wealth, variety and level of graphic form of city maps are noticeable in recent years, particularly those from Central and Eastern European countries. This is a consequence of the political and economic transformation, resulting in the abolition of censorship and introduction of the free market. City maps published in Western Europe have evolved as well during the aforementioned period due to higher political and economic stability. The paper compares city maps content of 18 European countries and shows the influence of Soviet cartographic style on city maps image in post-communist countries.

scholarly journals Black Bodies, White Bodies – ‘Gypsy’ Images in Central Europe at the Turn of the Twentieth Century (1880–1920)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-93
Author(s):  
Éva Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Feudal Society ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
National Imaginary ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
Black Bodies ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The One

The problem of the observer has long been a key concern of social theories. However, in mainstream sociology, it was not until three decades ago that the relationship between image and text, seeing and gaze, appeared on the horizon of the discipline. Studying the visual representation of Roma in Modernity, one sees how CentralEuropean societies create their own sexualised and feminised Blackness through ‘savage’ groups and individuals. The central thesis of the article is that, across Europe, the panoptic regime of Modernity operates with the optical unconscious in two ways. On the one hand, by re-visualising social differences that becameinvisible after the collapse of feudal society; on the other, by bringing the oppressed into sight and rendering the oppressors invisible. However, there is a significant difference between the Western and Eastern European representations of ‘savages’: in the process of nation-building, the ‘Gypsy’ became an ambiguous part of the national imaginary in Eastern European countries. The paper argues that ideas and visual representations of Roma commuted between Central and Western Europe resulted in tensions between the colonial and emancipatory gazes. 

scholarly journals Smoking epidemic in Europe in the 21st century

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Janssen ◽  
Shady El Gewily ◽  
Anastasios Bardoutsos
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Recent Cohort

ObjectiveTo estimate smoking-attributable mortality in the long-term future in 29 European countries using a novel data-driven forecasting approach that integrates the wave pattern of the smoking epidemic and the cohort dimension.MethodsWe estimated and forecasted age-specific and age-standardised smoking-attributable mortality fractions (SAMF) and 95% projection intervals for 29 European countries by sex, 1950–2100, using age-period-cohort modelling with a generalised logit link function. We projected the (decelerating) period increases (women) by a quadratic curve to obtain future declines, and extrapolated the past period decline (men). In addition, we extrapolated the recent cohort trend.ResultsSAMF among men are projected to decline from, on average, 25% in 2014 (11% (Sweden)—41% (Hungary)) to 11% in 2040 (range: 6.3%–15.4%), 7% in 2065 (range: 5.9%–9.4%) and 6% in 2100. SAMF among women in 21 non-Eastern European countries, currently at an average of 16%, are projected to reach peak levels in 2013 (Northern Europe), 2019 (Western Europe), 2027 (Greece, Italy) and 2022 (Central Europe), with maximum levels of, on average, 17% (8% (Greece)—28% (Denmark)), and to decline to 10% in 2040 (range: 4%–20%), 5% in 2065 (range: 3.5%–7.6%) and 4% in 2100. For women, a short-term shift in the peak of the inverse U-shaped age pattern to higher ages is projected, and crossovers between the age-specific trends.ConclusionOur novel forecasting method enabled realistic estimates of the mortality imprint of the smoking epidemic in Europe up to 2100. The high peak values in smoking-attributable mortality projected for women warrant attention.

“Democracy Is Not for Everyone”

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Piotr Żuk ◽  
Paweł Żuk
Keyword(s):  
Eastern European ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Civic Organizations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Cultural Minority ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Liberal Culture

The authors of the article show manifestations of homophobia in a range of Eastern European countries. They use the example of Poland to compare the current situation of LGBT people with that in the communist period. The article defends the thesis that homophobia, which goes hand in hand with Islamophobia, anti-Semitism, and widespread dislike for any cultural minority, is a cultural compensation for economic disappointment and an expression of the Eastern European opposition to the economic and political expansion of the West. From this perspective, the dominant nationalist orientation requires treating not only LGBT communities, but also their defenders, supporters of a more liberal culture and civic organizations, as representatives of “foreign centers” who intend to meet “the interests of the core European Union (EU) countries.” Thus, messianic nationalism and homophobia are a compensation for economic marginalization and a form of defense moved from the sphere of economic problems to the sphere of identity.

scholarly journals How Taxes Can Contribute to The Implementation of The Public Governance Strategy? – An Analysis for Eastern European Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Cristina Vlad ◽  
Birol Ibadula ◽  
Petre Brezeanu
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Governance Strategy ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The paper begins with a short literature review regarding the public governance concept in the EU approach and its methods for establishing a common way to manage different situations for all member states; we discovered that the problems they confront with have to do with good governance and qualitative public administration. In the second part, we developed an econometric model for three Eastern European countries and we found a strong correlation between the total revenues from taxes and social contributions and total gross debt in 2002-2014 period. We ended the paper by emphasizing the conclusions obtained.

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