scholarly journals Join the Commune: A Controlled Study of Social Branding Influencers to Decrease Smoking Among Young Adult Hipsters

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Ling ◽  
Nadra E. Lisha ◽  
Torsten B. Neilands ◽  
Jeffrey W. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Time Location Sampling ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of a Social Branding intervention in bars and nightclubs on smoking behavior. Design: Quasi-experimental controlled study. Setting: Bars and nightclubs in San Diego and San Francisco (intervention) and Los Angeles (control). Participants: “Hipster” young adults (age 18-26) attending bars and nightclubs. Intervention: Anti-tobacco messages delivered through monthly anti-tobacco music/social events, opinion leaders, original art, direct mail, promotional activities, and online media. Measures: A total of 7240 surveys were collected in 3 cities using randomized time location sampling at baseline (2012-2013) and follow-up (2015-2016); data were analyzed in 2018. The primary outcome was current smoking. Analysis: Multivariable logistic regression assessed correlates of smoking, adjusting for covariates including electronic cigarette use; differences between cities were evaluated using location-by-time interactions. Results: Smoking in San Francisco decreased at a significantly faster rate (51.1%-44.1%) than Los Angeles (45.2%-44.5%) ( P = .034). Smoking in San Diego (mean: 39.6%) was significantly lower than Los Angeles (44.8%, P < .001) at both time points with no difference in rate of change. Brand recall was not associated with smoking behavior, but recall was associated with anti-tobacco attitudes that were associated with smoking. Conclusion: This is the first controlled study of Social Branding interventions. Intervention implementation was accompanied by decreases in smoking (San Francisco) and sustained lower smoking (San Diego) among young adult bar patrons over 3 years.

How does gatekeeper training improve suicide prevention for elderly people in nursing homes? A controlled study in 24 centres

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chauliac ◽  
N. Brochard ◽  
C. Payet ◽  
Y. Margue ◽  
P. Bordin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Gatekeeper Training ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe death rate due to suicide in elderly people is particularly high. As part of suicide selective prevention measures for at-risk populations, the WHO recommends training “gatekeepers”.MethodsIn order to assess the impact of gatekeeper training for members of staff, we carried out a controlled quasi-experimental study over the course of one year, comparing 12 nursing homes where at least 30% of the staff had undergone gatekeeper training with 12 nursing homes without trained staff. We collected data about the residents considered to be suicidal, their management further to being identified, as well as measures taken at nursing home level to prevent suicide.ResultsThe two nursing home groups did not present significantly different characteristics. In the nursing homes with trained staff, the staff were deemed to be better prepared to approach suicidal individuals. The detection of suicidal residents relied more on the whole staff and less on the psychologist alone when compared to nursing homes without trained staff. A significantly larger number of measures were taken to manage suicidal residents in the trained nursing homes. Suicidal residents were more frequently referred to the psychologist. Trained nursing homes put in place significantly more suicide prevention measures at an institutional level.ConclusionsHaving trained gatekeepers has an impact not only for the trained individuals but also for the whole institution where they work, both in terms of managing suicidal residents and routine suicide prevention measures.

The Seaports of San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego

1922 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehiel S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Diego

Estimating the Impact of Seasonal Truck Shortages on the Movement of Time-Sensitive, Perishable Products

2005 ◽  
Vol 1906 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Jessup ◽  
Ryan Herrington
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
The Impact

This research focuses on the frequent and persistent problem of truck shortages for time-sensitive, perishable produce shipment out of the Pacific Northwest. Washington State is the number one apple-producing state in the United States, accounting for more than 2.7 million tons of apples per year valued in excess of $1 billion. However, without timely and accessible transportation to move the product from production to the consumer's table, the value to apple producers and the state's economy diminishes rapidly. This research aims to identify and quantify the change in total transportation cost that occurs as a result of seasonal truck shortages and associated rate increases and to provide an avenue for evaluating changes in specific destination markets, modal changes, and market competitiveness. A cost-minimizing optimization model is used to represent apple shipments from 29 producing supply points to 16 domestic markets and three international export markets over four seasons for two modes (truck and rail). Total transportation costs increase nearly $12 million as a result of truck shortages, from $245.6 million without shortages to $257.5 million under the current seasonal situation. Overall (across all seasons), the export markets of Nogales, Arizona; McAllen, Texas; and the Port of Seattle, Washington, are most affected by the truck shortages, followed by domestic markets near Seattle and San Francisco, California. The large markets of New York City, New York, and Los Angeles, California also experience relatively large increases in transportation cost per ton mile.

“Unity in Diversity”

Pride Parades ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine McFarland Bruce
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
Gays And Lesbians

Chapter Two investigates the expansive success of Pride celebrations following the initial events of 1970. After introducing the new and exciting Pride events, the phenomenon grew in size and crystallized in form within the next decade. As more and more people participated in their events, Pride organizers in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago balanced the interests of activists, entertainers, businesses, and unaffiliated gays and lesbians. Seeing successful Pride marches in these cities, community leaders in Boston, Atlanta, San Francisco, San Diego, Dallas, and Detroit held their own events. As the phenomenon grew, organizers and participants faced questions over representation, commercial influence, and frivolity that are still debated today. In this chapter, the author describes how Pride established itself in its early years as an annual parade promoting visibility and acceptance of the gay and lesbian (and later bisexual and transgender) community.

scholarly journals Impact of co-located welfare advice in healthcare settings: prospective quasi-experimental controlled study

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Woodhead ◽  
Mizanur Khondoker ◽  
Robin Lomas ◽  
Rosalind Raine
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Consultation Rate ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundEvaluations of primary healthcare co-located welfare advice services have been methodologically limited.AimsTo examine the impact and cost-consequences of co-located benefits and debt advice on mental health and service use.MethodProspective, controlled quasi-experimental study in eight intervention and nine comparator sites across North Thames. Changes in the proportion meeting criteria for common mental disorder (CMD, 12-item General Health Questionnaire); well-being scores (Shortened Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale), 3-month GP consultation rate and financial strain were measured alongside funding costs and financial gains.ResultsRelative to controls, CMD reduced among women (ratio of odds ratios (rOR) = 0.37, 95% CI 0.20–0.70) and Black advice recipients (rOR=0.09, 95% CI 0.03–0.28). Individuals whose advice resulted in positive outcomes demonstrated improved well-being scores (β coefficient 1.29, 95% CI 0.25–2.32). Reductions in financial strain (rOR=042, 95% CI 0.23–0.77) but no changes in 3-month consultation rate were found. Per capita, advice recipients received £15 per £1 of funder investment.ConclusionsCo-located welfare advice improves short-term mental health and well-being, reduces financial strain and generates considerable financial returns.

scholarly journals Santa Ana Winds: A Descriptive Climatology

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Rolinski ◽  
Scott B. Capps ◽  
Wei Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
Santa Ana Winds ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The criteria used to define Santa Ana winds (SAWs) are dependent upon both the impact of interest (e.g., catastrophic wildfires) and the location and/or time of day examined. We employ a comprehensive definition and methodology for constructing a climatological SAW time series from 1981 through 2016 for two Southern California regions, Los Angeles and San Diego. For both regions, we examine SAW climatology, distinguish SAW-associated synoptic-scale atmospheric patterns, and detect long-term, significant SAW trends. San Diego has 30% fewer SAW days compared to Los Angeles with 80% of SAW events starting in Los Angeles first. Further, 45% of San Diego SAW events are single-day events compared to 35% for Los Angeles. The longest duration event spanned 16 days for Los Angeles (27 November–12 December 1988) and 8 days for San Diego (9–16 January 2009). Although SAW-driven fires can be large and devastating, these types of fires occurred on only 6% and 5% of SAW days for the Los Angeles and San Diego regions, respectively. Finally, we find and investigate an extended period of elevated SAW day count occurring after 2005. This new climatology will allow us to produce month- and season-ahead forecasts of SAW days, which is useful for planning end-of-year staffing coverage by the local, state, and federal fire agencies.

scholarly journals Differential Associations Between Anti-Tobacco Industry Attitudes and Intention to Quit Smoking Across Young Adult Peer Crowds

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung Nguyen ◽  
Nadra E. Lisha ◽  
Torsten B. Neilands ◽  
Jeffrey W. Jordan ◽  
Pamela M. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Peer Crowds ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: To compare the relationship between anti-tobacco industry attitudes and intention and attempts to quit smoking across 6 young adult peer crowds. Design: A cross-sectional bar survey in 2015. Setting: Seven US cities (Albuquerque, Los Angeles, Nashville, Oklahoma City, San Diego, San Francisco, and Tucson). Participants: Two thousand eight hundred seventeen young adult bar patrons who were currently smoking. Measures: Intention to quit in the next 6 months and having made a quit attempt in the last 12 months were binary outcomes. Anti-industry attitudes were measured by 3 items indicating support for action against the tobacco industry. Peer crowd affiliation was measured using the I-Base Survey. Analysis: Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models examined the association between anti-industry attitudes and the outcomes for the total sample and for each peer crowd. Results: Overall, anti-industry attitudes were positively associated with both intention to quit (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24-1.52) and attempt to quit (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.03-1.27). Intriguingly, the relationship between anti-industry attitudes and intention to quit differed by peer crowd affiliation, with significant associations for Homebody, Partier, Hipster, and Hip Hop, but not for Young Professional and Country. Conclusions: Developing health communication messages that resonate with unique peer crowd values can enhance the relevance of public health campaigns. Tobacco control practitioners should tailor anti-industry messages to promote intention to quit smoking among the highest risk young adults.

scholarly journals Regional differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food sufficiency in California, April-July, 2020: Implications for food programs and policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Evelyn Blumenberg ◽  
Miriam Pinski ◽  
Lilly A. Nhan ◽  
May C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Long Beach ◽  
Food Insufficiency ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
San Bernardino ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: To evaluate regional differences in factors associated with food insufficiency during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic among three major metropolitan regions in California, a state with historically low participation rates in the Supplementation Nutrition Assistance Program, the nation’s largest food assistance program. Design: Analysis of cross-sectional data from Phase 1 (April 23 – July 21, 2020) of the U.S. Census Household Pulse Survey, a weekly national online survey. Setting: California, and three Californian Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), including San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSAs. Participants: Adults aged 18 years and older living in households. Results: Among the three metropolitan areas, food insufficiency rates were lowest in the San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley MSA. Measures of disadvantage (e.g. having low-income, being unemployed, recent loss of employment, and pre-pandemic food insufficiency) were widely associated with household food insufficiency. However, disadvantaged households in the San Francisco Bay Area, the area with the lowest poverty and unemployment rates, were more likely to be food insufficient compared to those in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSAs. Conclusions: Food insufficiency risk among disadvantaged households differed by region. To be effective, governmental response to food insufficiency must address the varied local circumstances that contribute to these disparities.

scholarly journals Impact of 4th of July Fireworks on Spatiotemporal PM2.5 Concentrations in California Based on the PurpleAir Sensor Network: Implications for Policy and Environmental Justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5735
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Mousavi ◽  
Yiting Yuan ◽  
Shahir Masri ◽  
Greg Barta ◽  
Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
The Impact

Fireworks are often used in celebration, causing short term, extremely high particulate matter air pollution. In recent years, the rapid development and expansion of low-cost air quality sensors by companies such as PurpleAir has enabled an understanding of air pollution at a much higher spatiotemporal resolution compared to traditional monitoring networks. In this study, real-time PM2.5 measurements from 751 PurpleAir sensors operating from June to July in 2019 and 2020 were used to examine the impact of 4th of July fireworks on hourly and daily PM2.5 concentrations at the census tract and county levels in California. American Community Survey (ACS) and CalEnviroScreen 3.0 data were used to identify correlations between PM2.5 measurements and socioeconomic status (SES). A two-step method was implemented to assure the quality of raw PM2.5 sensor data and sensor calibration against co-located reference instruments. The results showed that over 67% and 81% of counties experienced immediate impacts related to fireworks in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Relative to 2019, the peak PM2.5 concentrations on July 4th and 5th 2020 were, on average, over 50% higher in California, likely due to the COVID-19-related increase in the use of household-level fireworks. This increase was most pronounced in southern counties, which tend to have less strict firework-related regulations and a greater use of illegal fireworks. Los Angeles County experienced the highest July 4th daily PM2.5 levels both in 2019 (29.9 µg·m−3) and 2020 (42.6 µg·m−3). Spatial hot spot analyses generally showed these southern counties (e.g., Los Angeles County) to be regional air pollution hotspots, whereas the opposite pattern was seen in the north (e.g., San Francisco). The results also showed PM2.5 peaks that were over two-times higher among communities with lower SES, higher minority group populations, and higher asthma rates. Our findings highlight the important role that policy and enforcement can play in reducing firework-related air pollution and protecting public health, as exemplified by southern California, where policy was more relaxed and air pollution was higher (especially in 2020 when the 4th of July coincided with the COVID-19-lockdown period), and in disadvantaged communities where disparities were greatest.

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