Properties of kapok husk-filled linear low-density polyethylene ecocomposites

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1641-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koay Seong Chun ◽  
Salmah Husseinsyah ◽  
Nurul Fatin Syazwani
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Ester Linkage ◽  
Natural Filler

This research focuses on utilization of kapok husk (KH) as a natural filler in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) ecocomposites. The effect of KH content and coupling agent on tensile properties, thermal properties, water absorption behavior, and morphology of ecocomposites were studied. The addition of KH had increased tensile modulus and water absorption of ecocomposites, whereas tensile strength and elongation at break decreased. However, the polyethylene-grafted acrylic acid (PEAA) was used as a polymeric-coupling agent to enhance the properties of LLDPE/KH ecocomposites. The incorporation of PEAA improved the tensile strength, tensile modulus, crystallinity, and thermal stability as well as reduced the water absorption of LLDPE/KH ecocomposites. The improvement of those properties was caused by the enhanced interfacial bonding, which was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. The Fourier transmission infrared spectra also confirmed the presence of ester linkage between PEAA and KH.

Tensile Properties LLDPE/Soya Spent Powder Blends: Oven Aging

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 429-432
Author(s):  
S.T. Sam ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
S. Ragunathan ◽  
H. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Powder Blends ◽  
Internal Mixer

Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/soya spent powder blends with different blends ratio were prepared by using internal mixer. Soya spent powder was varied from 5 to 40 wt. The thermal degradability was assessed by subjecting the dumbbell sample to oven aging. Thermal aging was carried out for 5 weeks. The degradability was measured by the periodic change in tensile properties of the blend samples. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the blends reduced as increasing the aging time. The effect of degradation was obvious in higher soya spent powder blends.

Tensile Properties and Morphological Studies of Kenaf-Filled Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (LLDPE/PVA/KNF) Composites: The Effects of KNF Loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Ling Pang ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Azhar Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Internal Mixer

Tensile properties and morphological studies of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/kenaf (KNF) composites were investigated. The composites with different KNF loading (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 phr) were prepared using a Thermo Haake Polydrive internal mixer at 150°C and 50 rpm for 10 min. The results indicated that tensile strength and elongation at break were decreased with increasing KNF loading, whereas tensile modulus showed the opposite trend. Tensile fractured surfaces observed by scanning electron microscopy showed better interfacial adhesion between LLDPE/PVA and KNF at 10 phr KNF loading.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NaOH MODIFICATION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BAOBAB POD FIBER REINFORCED LDPE COMPOSITES

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
U Shehu ◽  
MT Isa ◽  
BO Aderemi ◽  
TK Bello
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Elongation At Break

In order to improve properties of natural fibers as reinforcement, different treatment methods have being adopted by researchers. However, the use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for the treatment of baobab pod fiber as reinforcement in low density polyethylene is sparsely reported. Therefore, this study, investigated the effect of 2 wt%, 4 wt% 6 wt%, 8 wt% and 10 wt%  concentration of NaOH on baobab pod fibers as reinforcement for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Two roll mill machine and hydraulic press at a pressure of 10 kN and temperature of 120oC aided the production of the composite. FT-IR was used to analyze the functional groups of the treated and un-treated fibers. The result showed the disappearance of the peak 1550 cm-1 corresponding to lignin after modification. Further, the composites were characterized for the following tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), elongation at break, impact strength and water absorption. Preliminary studies on the effect of loading of the unmodified baobab fiber in the LDPE matrix showed desirable properties at 10 wt%, where fiber content was in the range of 5 wt% to 30 wt% at interval of 5 wt%. The composite produced from the 8 wt% NaOH modified fiber had the highest tensile strength, MOE, elongation at break. At this modification level, the tensile strength, MOE and elongation at break were about 75.48%, 92.18% and 28% respectively higher than the composite produced from unmodified fiber. Composite produced with 10 wt% NaOH modified fiber exhibited least water absorption of 1.80%, which was 50% lower than unmodified. These showed that the modification of the fiber improved the composite properties. These properties compared favorably with some reported properties for natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.12

Tensile Properties of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)/ Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBRr)/ Rice Husk Powder (RHP) Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragunathan Santiagoo ◽  
Sam Sung Ting ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Mastura Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber

The compatibilizer effect of ENR-50 on the tensile properties and morphology of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/ recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/ rice husk powder (RHP) composites has been studied. The RHP size utilize in this work is 150 – 300 μm. LLDPE/NBRr/RHP composites were prepared by melt mixing technique at 180 °C for 9 minutes at 50 rpm rotor speed using heated two roll mill. The series of composites investigated were 100/0/5, 80/20/5, 70/30/5, 60/40/5, 50/50/5, and 40/60/5. The composites were analysed by using tensile test and morphology examination. The result showed that the tensile strength of composite was decreased with the increasing of recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr) content while elongation at break (Eb) were increased. However, the tensile strength and elongation at break result for composites with ENR-50 as compatibilizer showed higher values. The morphological finding supports the tensile properties which indicate better interaction between the RHP filler and LLDPE/NBRr matrix in the presence of ENR-50 compatibilizer.

Date Seeds Fiber Reinforced Low-Density Polyethylene: Effect of Stearic Acid on its Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 290-298
Author(s):  
Abduati Elnaid ◽  
N.Z. Noriman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Different Content

The effect of different content of steric acid (3, 6 and 9 wt.%) on the mechanical properies (tensile, flexural and impact properties) and morphology of linear low-density polyethylene / date seeds (LLDPE/DS) composites were evaulated in this research. The composites were produced by using extrusion followed by injuction molding process. Results presented that the addition of steric acid at 3 wt.% to the composite has shown highest tensile strength and elongation at break as compared to other treated samples. This is due to the improvement on the fiber surface in presence of SA. However, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased thereafter treatment with 6% and 9% of SA. Furthermore, the flexural and impact properties have shown the same trend of the tensile properties, this was consistent with the results shown on SEM micrographs.

Study on the Rheological Properties of LLDPE/CaCO3 Plasticized with the Fatty Acid Extracted from Hogwash Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 468-471
Author(s):  
Chao Le Yun ◽  
Xue Gang Luo ◽  
Xiao Yan Lin ◽  
Hong Ping Zhang ◽  
Ji Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Universal Testing

The reaction in linear low density polyethylene/Calcium carbonate (LLDPE/CaCO3) melting blend system with the presence of fatty acid extracted from Hogwash oil (HWOFA) was investigated by means of a Torque Rheometer during compounding. The characteristics of the products were evaluated by DSC and Universal Testing machine. The results showed that the maximum torque and equilibrium torque of the LLDPE/CaCO3 blends with addition of 15wt% HWOFA decreased respectively by 23.83% and 27.55% which were lower than that without HWOFA. The tensile strength decreased by 23.94%and the elongation at break increased by 16.88%. The compatibility became poor with addition of more than 15wt% HWOFA. The above results indicated that the fatty acid extracted from Hogwash oil can be used as a lower-cost plasticizer, which provides a new method of utilization of Hogwash oil.

scholarly journals Properties of Low-Cost WPCs Made from Alien Invasive Trees and rLDPE for Interior Use in Social Housing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2436
Author(s):  
Abubakar Sadiq Mohammed ◽  
Martina Meincken
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Invasive Trees ◽  
Recycled Low Density Polyethylene

Low-cost wood–plastic composites (WPCs) were developed from invasive trees and recycled low-density polyethylene. The aim was to produce affordable building materials for low-cost social housing in South Africa. Both raw materials are regarded as waste materials, and the subsequent product development adds value to the resources, while simultaneously reducing the waste stream. The production costs were minimised by utilising the entire biomass of Acacia saligna salvaged from clearing operations without any prior processing, and low-grade recycled low-density polyethylene to make WPCs without any additives. Different biomass/plastic ratios, particle sizes, and press settings were evaluated to determine the optimum processing parameters to obtain WPCs with adequate properties. The water absorption, dimensional stability, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and tensile moduli were improved at longer press times and higher temperatures for all blending ratios. This has been attributed to the crystallisation of the lignocellulose and thermally induced cross-linking in the polyethylene. An increased biomass ratio and particle size were positively correlated with water absorption and thickness swelling and inversely related with MOR, tensile strength, and density due to an incomplete encapsulation of the biomass by the plastic matrix. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilising low-grade recycled polyethylene and the whole-tree biomass of A. saligna, without the need for pre-processing and the addition of expensive modifiers, to produce WPCs with properties that satisfy the minimum requirements for interior cladding or ceiling material.

Impact of hybrid nanosilica and nanoclay on the properties of palm rachis-reinforced recycled linear low-density polyethylene composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572094421
Author(s):  
Wagih Abdel Alim Sadik ◽  
Abdel Ghaffar Maghraby El Demerdash ◽  
Rafik Abbas ◽  
Alaa Bedir
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Blending Method

The main goal of this work was to assess the technical feasibility of palm rachis (PR) as a reinforcing agent in the production of wood–plastic composites. Recycled linear low-density polyethylene/PR fiber composites were prepared at constant content (3 phc (per hundred compounds)) of maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene as compatibilizer by melt blending method utilizing a two-roll mill and compression molding. The effect of nanosilica (NS), nanoclay (NC), and hybrid nanoparticles (NSNC) at different concentrations (2, 4, and 6 phc) on mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties was investigated. The results of mechanical properties measurements demonstrated that when 6 phc NS, 4 phc NC, and 4 phc NSNC were added, tensile, modulus strength, and hardness reached their optimum values. At a high level of NC loading (6 phc), the increased populace of NC layers led to agglomeration and stress transfer gets restricted. Elongation at break and Izod impact strength were decreased by the incorporation of different nanoparticles. Water absorption and thickness swelling of prepared composites were found to decrease on the incorporation of NS and NC. In addition, the thermal stability showed slightly improved by the addition of nanoparticles, but there are no perceptible changes in the values of melting temperature by increasing the content of NS and NC or NSNC. Scanning electron microscopy study approved the good interaction of the PR fibers with the polymer matrix as well as the effectiveness of NS and NC in the improvement of the interaction. The finding indicated that wood–plastic composite treated by NS had the highest properties than other composites.

Effect of the blow-up ratio on morphology and engineering properties of three-layered linear low-density polyethylene blown films

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suthakarn Auksornkul ◽  
Siriwat Soontaranon ◽  
Chonthicha Kaewhan ◽  
Pattarapan Prasassarakich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Film Morphology ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Machine Direction

A series of linear low-density polyethylene films were produced using a three-layer co-extrusion machine. How the blow-up ratio and resin characteristics affected the final film morphology and engineering properties were studied. The crystalline morphology and orientation during the blown film process of the low-density polyethylene film were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Increasing the blow-up ratio increased the transverse direction molecular orientation and decreased the machine direction orientation. The resulting low-density polyethylene morphology was a regular lamellar stacking parallel to the machine direction. The film morphology strongly influenced the mechanical properties. Increasing the blow-up ratio from 1.7 to 2.8 decreased the machine direction tensile strength by 14% and increased the transverse direction tensile strength up to 27% for both the low-density polyethylene/1-butene and low-density polyethylene/1-octene co-monomers, while the machine direction tear strength increased up to 36% and the transverse direction decreased by 16%. Moreover, the first and second heating characteristics from differential scanning calorimeter showed the inherent crystallinity change with increasing blow-up ratio for both the low-density polyethylene/1-octene and the low-density polyethylene/1-butene copolymer. The crystalline orientation changes induced with increasing blow-up ratio affected the film water vapor and oxygen permeability.

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