The Utility and Validity of Current Diagnostic Procedures for Defining Temporomandibular Disorder Patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Clark ◽  
R.E. Delcanho ◽  
J.-P. Goulet

This paper describes the evolution of different concepts of classifying and defining Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) for both clinical and research settings. The literature is reviewed with respect to the utility and validity of the different questionnaire and examination procedures that have been used to assess TMD patients. The presented view is that many of these procedures have not been validated, that there is a lack of standardization in the use of the procedures themselves, and that an ideal method of classifying this broad group of patients into better-defined subgroups has not yet been developed. More standardized and better-defined research by trained and calibrated researchers is needed worldwide to elucidate these subgroups so that a better and widely agreed upon research classification system can be developed for widespread use. It also seems clear that as research requirements for defining TMD patient subgroups become more stringent over time, it may not be practical for the clinician to implement them on a day-to-day basis in his or her practice. As such, a practical utilitarian definition of the common subtype of TMD patients is also needed which parallels any research grouping, so that data from research are valuable and generalizable to the practicing clinician.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e36210411512
Author(s):  
Myla Marilana Freire da Cunha ◽  
Karen Oliveira Peixoto ◽  
Camila Maria Bastos Machado de Resende ◽  
Micaella Pollyana Silva do Nascimento da Costa ◽  
Ana Louise Oliveira de Carvalho ◽  
...  

Objective: The present study searched evaluate whether the occlusal splint, physiotherapy and counseling therapies used in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) alter the craniocervical posture and pain. Methods: Controlled, randomized, blinded study that included individuals previously diagnosed with TMD through the RDC/TMD (Research criteria for temporomandibular disorders). The patients were randomly selected from four treatment groups: occlusal splint (OS, n = 17), physiotherapy (P, n = 19), counseling (C, n = 15) and occlusal splint associated with counseling (OSC = 14), totaling 65 individuals. For the postural analysis, a teleradiography was performed at the baseline and 1 month after the application of the therapy, in order to observe the occiput-atlas distance (OAD), the craniocervical angle (CCA) and the positioning of the hyoid triangle (HT). CorelDraw X6 software (2012 Corel Corporation, Canada) was used in the images. The data obtained was submitted to several paired T tests (α = 5%) and for the pain variable the SPANOVA test was applied. Results: Except for the OSC group in the CCA variable (p = 0.003), the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference for the analyzed variables regarding the different therapies over time. However, it can be observed that all the treatment groups allowed a reduction of the patients' pain (p = 0.013) over time. Conclusion: It is concluded that the therapies applied have little influence on craniocervical posture but are effective for the relief of painful symptoms.


Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Itzlinger ◽  
Federica Branchi ◽  
Luca Elli ◽  
Michael Schumann

The gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment available for celiac disease. However, it is difficult to adhere to and a closer look on the diet’s implementation and indications reveals several ambiguities: Not only is there controversy on the threshold of gluten that can be tolerated in the frame of a strict gluten-free diet, but it is also unclear whether the gluten-free diet is an appropriate treatment in patient subgroups with asymptomatic or potential celiac disease. Reports from a number of research groups suggest that a certain proportion of patients may effectively develop tolerance to gluten and thus become suitable for gluten reintroduction over time. In this review, we set out to create an overview about the current state of research as regards the definition of a strict gluten-free diet in terms of the gluten thresholds considered tolerable and the indication for a gluten-free diet in the absence of histological abnormalities or symptoms. Furthermore, we discuss the concept that a gluten-free diet must be followed for life by all patients.


1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia I. Wolfe ◽  
Suzanne D. Blocker ◽  
Norma J. Prater

Articulatory generalization of velar cognates /k/, /g/ in two phonologically disordered children was studied over time as a function of sequential word-morpheme position training. Although patterns of contextual acquisition differed, correct responses to the word-medial, inflected context (e.g., "picking," "hugging") occurred earlier and exceeded those to the word-medial, noninflected context (e.g., "bacon," "wagon"). This finding indicates that the common view of the word-medial position as a unitary concept is an oversimplification. Possible explanations for superior generalization to the word-medial, inflected position are discussed in terms of coarticulation, perceptual salience, and the representational integrity of the word.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Muñoz Quintana

La musculatura del sistema masticatorio y la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) están protegidos por reflejos nerviosos básicos y sistema neuromuscular a través de la coordinación de fuerzas musculares, todo lo que produce sobrecarga muscular repetitiva como los hábitos parafuncionales (HPF) pueden ocasionar trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM)1. Los HPF se caracterizan por movimientos anormales a la función mandibular normal sin objetivo funcional, al estar alterados constituyen una fuente productora de fuerzas traumáticas caracterizadas por dirección anormal, intensidad excesiva y repetición frecuente y duradera (Rolando Castillo Hernández, 2001)4. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la asociación entre la presencia de hábitos parafuncionales de la cavidad bucal y los TTM en adolescentes de la ciudad de Puebla. Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se incluyeron 258 adolescentes, 132 (51.2%) mujeres y 126 (48.8%) hombres, con una edad promedio de 12.5±.73 y quienes fueron diagnosticados con los CDI/TTM y los HPF fueron auto-reportados por los pacientes. Se encontró una prevalencia de los TTM del 39.9% y una prevalencia de HPF del 86%. Los HPF más frecuentemente reportados fueron la succión labial y la onicofagia. Se encontró una asociación significativa (x2=7.31, p=0.007) entre los hábitos parafuncionales y los TTM en adolescentes. Palabras clave: Trastornos temporomandibulares, hábitos parafuncionales, adolescentes, articulación temporomandibular. Abstract The muscles of the masticatory system and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are protected by basic nerve reflex and neuromuscular system through the coordination of muscle forces, all that repetitive muscle overload occurs as habit parafunctional (HPF) can cause temporomandibular disorder TMD)1. The characteristics of HPF are abnormal jaw movements without a functional objective. Being the jaw movements altered, they constitute a source of traumatic forces with an abnormal direction, excessive intensity and long-lasting and frequent duration. (Rolando Hernandez Castillo 2001)4. Objective: was to identify the association between the presences of parafunctional habits of the oral cavity and TMD in adolescents in the Puebla city in Mexico. Material and methods: Is a observational study, we included 258 adolescents 132 (51%) females and 126 (48.8%) were men, mean age 12.5±.73 and who were diagnosed with CDI/TTM and HPF were self- reported by patients. Results: The prevalence of TMD was 39.9% and a prevalence of 86% HPF. The most frequently reported HPF were lip sucking and nail biting. We found a significant association (x2= 7.31, p = 0,007) between HPF and TMD in adolescents. Key words: Parafunctional habits of oral cavity, temporomandibular disorders, temporomandibular joint. (Odontol Pediatr 2011;10(2): 90-94).


Author(s):  
Galen Strawson

This chapter examines the difference between John Locke's definition of a person [P], considered as a kind of thing, and his definition of a subject of experience of a certain sophisticated sort [S]. It first discusses the equation [P] = [S], where [S] is assumed to be a continuing thing that is able to survive radical change of substantial realization, as well as Locke's position about consciousness in relation to [P]'s identity or existence over time as [S]. It argues that Locke is not guilty of circularity because he is not proposing consciousness as the determinant of [S]'s identity over time, but only of [S]'s moral and legal responsibility over time. Finally, it suggests that the terms “Person” and “Personal identity” pull apart, in Locke's scheme of things, but in a perfectly coherent way.


Author(s):  
Avtandil kyzy Ya

Abstract: This paper highlights similarities and different features of the category of kinesics “hand gestures”, its frequency usage and acceptance by different individuals in two different cultures. This study shows its similarities, differences and importance of the gestures, for people in both cultures. Consequently, kinesics study was mentioned as a main part of body language. As indicated in the article, the study kinesics was not presented in the Kyrgyz culture well enough, though Kyrgyz people use hand gestures a lot in their everyday life. The research paper begins with the common definition of hand gestures as a part of body language, several handshake categories like: the finger squeeze, the limp fish, the two-handed handshake were explained by several statements in the English and Kyrgyz languages. Furthermore, this article includes definitions and some idioms containing hand, shake, squeeze according to the Oxford and Academic Dictionary to show readers the figurative meanings of these common words. The current study was based on the books of writers Allan and Barbara Pease “The definite book of body language” 2004, Romana Lefevre “Rude hand gestures of the world”2011 etc. Key words: kinesics, body language, gestures, acoustics, applause, paralanguage, non-verbal communication, finger squeeze, perceptions, facial expressions. Аннотация. Бул макалада вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы”, алардын эки башка маданиятта колдонулушу, айырмачылыгы жана окшош жактары каралган. Макаланын максаты болуп “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” мааниси, айырмасы жана эки маданиятта колдонулушу эсептелет. Ошону менен бирге, вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “кинесика” илими каралган. Берилген макалада кѳрсѳтүлгѳндѳй, “кинесика” илими кыргыз маданиятында толугу менен изилденген эмес, ошого карабастан “кинесика” илиминин бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы” кыргыз элинин маданиятында кѳп колдонулат. Андан тышкары, “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” бир нече түрү, англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде ма- селен аркылуу берилген.Тѳмѳнкү изилдѳѳ ишин жазууда чет элдик жазуучулардын эмгектери колдонулду. Түйүндүү сѳздѳр: кинесика, жандоо кыймылы, акустика,кол чабуулар, паралингвистика, вербалдык эмес баарлашуу,кол кысуу,кабыл алуу сезими. Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются сходства и различия “жестикуляции” и частота ее использования, в американской и кыргызской культурах. Следовательно, здесь было упомянуто понятие “кинесика” как основная часть языка тела. Как указано в статье, “кинесика” не была представлена в кыргызской культуре достаточно хорошо, хотя кыргызский народ часто использует жестикуляцию в повседневной жизни. Исследовательская работа начинается с общего определения “жестикуляции” как части языка тела и несколько категорий жестикуляции, таких как: сжатие пальца, слабое рукопожатие, рукопожатие двумя руками, были объяснены несколькими примерами на английском и кыргызском языках. Кроме того, эта статья включает определения слов “рука”, “рукопожатие”, “сжатие” и некоторые идиомы, содержащие данных слов согласно Оксфордскому и Академическому словарю, чтобы показать читателям их образное значение. Данное исследование было основано на книгах писателей Аллана и Барбары Пиз «Определенная книга языка тела» 2004 года, Романа Лефевра «Грубые жестикуляции мира» 2011 года и т.д. Ключевые слова: кинесика, язык жестов, жесты, акустика, аплодисменты, паралингвистика, невербальная коммуникация, сжатие пальца, чувство восприятия, выражение лиц.


2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1438-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Berbece ◽  
Dan Iliescu ◽  
Valeriu Ardeleanu ◽  
Alexandru Nicolau ◽  
Radu Cristian Jecan

Obesity represents a global health problem. According to the latest studies released by the World Health Organisation (WHO), 1.7 billion currently in excess of normal weight individuals, of which approx. 75% are overweight (body mass index - BMI 25 to 30). The common form of excess adipose tissue manifestation in overweight individuals is localized fat deposits with high (abdominal) or low (buttocks and thighs) disposition. Although the overweight can be corrected relatively easy by changing behavioral habits or food, a constant physical exercises program or following a diet food are not accessible to all through the efforts of will, financial and time involved. Several methods have been studied and tested over time to eliminate more or less invasive fat deposits with varying efficacy and adverse effects. Chemical lipolysis using phosphatidylcholine as the basic substance was initially used in hypercholesterolemia and its complications and was rapidly adopted in mesotherapy techniques for the treatment of fat deposits. This study reveals the results obtained using Dermastabilon on a sample of 16 patients, the time allocated to treatment and discomfort being minimal, and rapid and notable results. There were no side effects.


1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
LuAnn Bean ◽  
Deborah W. Thomas

Determining what should be considered a material item has been a problem for both the accounting profession and the courts. By reviewing the court cases involving the issue of materiality, the authors have determined where differences in the materiality standard as applied by the courts exist. The judicial definition of materiality has developed over time, and current trends with important variations are observed. Based upon the authors' analysis, the following judicial definition of materiality, with its possible variations, is suggested: Would the reasonable (or speculative) investor (or layman) consider important (or be influenced by) this information in determining his course of action?


Author(s):  
James G. March

Humans use reasons to shape and justify choices. In the process, trade-offs seem essential and often inevitable. But trade-offs involve comparisons, which are problematic both across values and especially over time. Reducing disparate values to a common metric (especially if that metric is money) is often problematic and unsatisfactory. Critically, it is not that values just shape choices, but that choices themselves shape values. This endogeneity of values makes an unconditional normative endorsement of modern decision-theoretic rationality unwise. This is a hard problem and there is no escaping the definition of good values, that is, those that make humans better. This removes the wall between economics and philosophy. If we are to adopt and enact this perspective, then greater discourse and debate on what matters and not just what counts will be useful and even indispensable.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
João Belo ◽  
André Almeida ◽  
Paula Moleirinho-Alves ◽  
Catarina Godinho

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) encompasses a set of disorders involving the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint and associated structures. It is a complex biopsychosocial disorder with several triggering, predisposing and perpetuating factors. In the etiology of TMD, oral parafunctions, namely bruxism, play a relevant role. The study of bruxism is complicated by some taxonomic and diagnostic aspects that have prevented achieving an acceptable standardization of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and bruxism in a Portuguese sample.


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