The Two Faces of the ‘Global Right’: Revolutionary Conservatives and National-Conservatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052110570
Author(s):  
Mihai Varga ◽  
Aron Buzogány
Keyword(s):  
New Right ◽  
Moral Order ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Economic Action ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Transnational Cooperation ◽  
Political Alignments

Studies of the Global Right usually trace its intellectual underpinnings to the revolutionary conservative New Right and its ideas claiming to defend an ‘ethno-pluralist’ European identity from the multiculturalist threat of a ‘Great Replacement’ through immigration. A second lineage, which we refer to as ‘national-conservative’, is less explored and is more concerned with threats to moral order and the loss of moral bearing due to liberalism’s relativism. These two intellectual lineages, and corresponding political alignments, engender different political projects of the Global Right, which is not that coherent as it seems. Taking a long-term historical-ideational perspective that underlines the power of ideologies as templates, we argue that a closer look at the different intellectual traditions of the Global Right can help explain the contrasting political preferences for socio-economic action, institution-building and transnational cooperation.

scholarly journals TRAJECTORIES OF TRANSNATIONAL MOBILIZATION FOR INDIGENOUS RIGHTS IN BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA CAROLINA ALFINITO VIEIRA ◽  
SIGRID QUACK
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Transnational Activism ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Transnational Mobilization ◽  
1960S And 1970S

ABSTRACT While research on episodes of transnational activism has advanced substantially in recent years, our knowledge about how long-term trajectories of cross-border activism affect the formation of national social movements and their capacity to influence domestic institutional change is still limited. This paper addresses this gap by analyzing transnational mobilization around the political and economic rights of indigenous groups in Brazil. We show that early pathways of transnational mobilization generated a set of ideational, organizational and institutional outcomes that enabled previously marginalized actors to shape the directions of institutional change within the country at the time of the Brazilian democratic transition. We identify three initially uncoordinated trajectories of transnational mobilization taking place in the late 1960s and 1970s and show how they converged over time through two social mechanisms - institutional cross-referencing and social networking - to form an increasingly tightly knit inter-sectoral social movement that was capable of influencing institution-building during the period of the National Constitutional Assembly (1978-1988). We conclude with a discussion of the linkages between transnational activism and national social movement formation.

An end to promises? 1964–1979

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-154
Author(s):  
David Thackeray ◽  
Richard Toye
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
New Right ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
State Expansion ◽  
Margaret Thatcher ◽  
Poor Outcomes

While the 1964 election marked a high point in confidence in state-led modernization, by the 1970s there was a widespread loss of faith in the ability of governments to deliver on their promises. Long-term planning was replaced by short-term crisis management. The Scottish and Welsh nationalists and the Liberal Party created the authority of the Westminster duopoly, reinvigorating the local campaign with their ‘pavement politics’. However, the New Right was the main beneficiary of this crisis. As Conservative Party leader from 1975, Margaret Thatcher believed that politics had been debased by parties competing for power by making promises of state expansion and greater public spending which were unrealistic and led to poor outcomes. Thatcher based the Conservatives’ 1979 manifesto around a small number of pledges, reviving the anti-promise rhetoric which had been key to Baldwin’s appeal in the 1920s and 1930s.

scholarly journals Cultural Workers from the Paintbrush Factory. Between Institution-Building and Urban Development Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-106
Author(s):  
Marina Mironică
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Cultural Workers ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Art Scene ◽  
The One

Abstract The paper is an ethnography of cultural workers from the contemporary art centre from Cluj-Napoca, Romania – The Paintbrush Factory. The one-decade existence of the alternative space contributed to a range of changes in the local cultural scene and evolved from a physical space into a resource for the city’s culture-led development strategy. It also became affected and reshaped by wider changes in terms of applied cultural policies. Cultural workers’ perspective, their precarity and their involvement in the local art scene influenced the current commodification and entrepreneurialisation of the cultural offer. The Paintbrush Factory’s expansion and contraction are vividly presented through the reflexive lenses of the cultural workers and managers, whose case-study could easily be regarded as a signal and a symbol of the deficient cultural policies mostly oriented to profit and lacking any local and long term-vision.

Alain de Benoist and the New Right

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Camus
Keyword(s):  
Radical Right ◽  
New Right ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Thinker

This chapter discusses the life and work of Alain de Benoist, a prolific French political thinker and the leading figure of the school of thought known as the New Right, launched in 1968. De Benoist and his New Right are proponents of the right to difference (often understood as ethnopluralism or ethnodifferentialism) and a pagan European identity with roots in the Indo-European peoples who migrated in the fifth millennium BC. His main focus today is the criticism of globalization and the hegemony of capital, but there is a debate on the continuity with, or breakaway from, his former association with the radical Right.

scholarly journals Explaining the Relationship Between Class Position and Political Preferences: A Long-Term Panel Analysis of Intra-Generational Class Mobility

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Peter Egge Langsæther ◽  
Geoffrey Evans ◽  
Tom O'Grady
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Limited Basis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Past findings on the connection between class position and political preferences are overwhelmingly derived from cross-sectional studies, which provided a limited basis for inferring causality. This study uses long-term panel data on thousands of British respondents to measure the impact of intra-generational class mobility across a range of political identities and preferences. Upward class mobility leads to small increases in economic conservatism, but party choice, class identity and attitudes to non-economic issues do not change. This updating of economic values is much smaller than cross-sectional differences between classes. These results are consistent with the short-run effects of class mobility operating primarily through a limited economic self-interest mechanism. Beliefs that are plausibly unconnected to economics are unaffected. The overall association between class and a range of identities, opinions and preferences is therefore more likely to be caused by early life experiences and longer-term socialization than by the immediate material interests associated with jobs.

scholarly journals New Scots? Eastern European young people's feelings of belonging and national identity in Scotland post-Brexit

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-353
Author(s):  
Daniela Sime
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of Brexit on young people aged 12–18 who had moved to Scotland from Central and Eastern Europe. It draws on empirical data collected with over 250 young people who contributed to an online survey and focus groups between 2016–2018, immediately after the Brexit Referendum took place. The paper examines young people's feelings of national identity and how their sense of belonging has been impacted by Brexit. The key findings reveal that factors such as their everyday experiences of racism and xenophobia and perceptions of what other people, often their friends, might think about who gets to belong were identified as significant to the identities young migrants felt able to claim. While many young people expressed a strong sense of belonging in the UK as a whole and over half said they were feeling Scottish, access to a Scottish national identity seems to be restricted and often denied to them. At the same time, many felt able to occupy the national identity of their country of birth or claim hyphenated identities that included Scottishness and a European identity. In the context of Brexit, this poses a challenge for making New Scots feel like they belong in Scotland, as many may now decide to review their plans to remain in Scotland long-term if their rights change.

scholarly journals US urban agglomerations electoral shifts in 2000–2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
P.A. Rachev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Polarization Level

More than 80% of US population live in metropolitan areas. Voting in agglomerations largely determines the outcome of the presidential, or any other, elections. The electoral processes inside high-density territories are a derivative of settlement peculiarities, and socio-economic status, ethnic and racial composition of people at these areas. Researchers record the increase of polarization level in recent decades. This increase closely related to the population’s political preferences. Polarization can lead to the disunity of society, a reduction in socio-economic interactions and to local isolationism in the long term. This article analyzes the results of the US presidential election at the level of metropolitan areas in the period of 2000–2016 and shows the distribution of all 382 agglomerations depending on the voting results within their boundaries. It is also revealing the spatial patterns of locations of these agglomerations. The article determined that more than two-thirds of all agglomeration’s population has stable electoral preferences, and also provides evidence of the ongoing and, in some cases, intensifying process of “The Big Sort” and an increase of polarization level in US urban population.

scholarly journals Political cycles in the conditions of formation of the information network society

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Vasylyna Podliesna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Network Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Political Business Cycles ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Political Cycles ◽  
Capitalist World

In the cyclical dynamics of the capitalist world system, politics and economics are closely intertwined, which is manifested in the development of political business cycles of individual countries, as well as in the development of cyclical political and economic processes in the long run on a global scale. The development of political business cycles is due to the influence of interrelated factors - competition of political forces, economic expectations and political preferences of voters. The immanent to the capitalist world-system deep internal contradictions lead to a variety of forms of long-term socio-economic cycles, including such a form as political cycles of a global nature. In the modern conditions of transition from the industrial-market system to the information-network society, the factors continue to exist and the contradictions emerge that both lead to the development of political cycles. Technical and technological transformations that contribute to the formation of information and network society, are strengthening the possibilities of ideological and propaganda activities that affect the cyclical political and economic processes. In such conditions, political cycles are becoming more and more emergent, which is largely due to the influence of social networks, computer games, and "new media" on people's political preferences and their political activity. The cyclical processes of establishing economic and political hegemony in the capitalist world system determine the dominance of the political cycles of leading countries over those of less developed countries. Improving production and dissemination technologies enhances the ability of leading countries to influence the political cycles of less developed countries, and the use of "soft power" is becoming an increasingly important tool of geopolitical struggle in the process of deployment of long-term global political cycles.

scholarly journals Forging connections, pursuing social justice: a tribute to Maarten Bavinck’s conceptual and institution-building contributions to maritime studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joeri Scholtens ◽  
Derek Johnson ◽  
Svein Jentoft ◽  
Mirjam Ros-Tonen ◽  
Ratana Chuenpagdee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Maritime Studies ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Action Projects

AbstractThis paper is written in recognition of the contributions that Maarten Bavinck has made to the field of maritime studies and for the inspiration that he has been for many. It is hard to separate Maarten’s academic and institution-building contributions from his personal qualities, particularly his interest in human relationships. Maarten’s aptitude for building bridges between people, ideas, and institutions has allowed him to connect people in larger knowledge generation and action projects and forge new conceptual bridges. In addition to reflecting shortly on Maarten's key role in establishing the Centre for Maritime Research (MARE) as a institutional anchor in maritime studies, this paper reviews on some of his important and original contributions to four academic domains: legal pluralism, interactive governance, the study of fisheries conflicts, and the environment-development interface. Common threads across these domains include his long-term commitment to meticulous fieldwork in South Asia that grounds his work so firmly, his focus on achieving a more socially just use of marine and coastal resources, and his pragmatic approach that has led to original connections across distinct conceptual and institutional fields.

The Patterns Behind Change

Capital Women ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 21-58
Author(s):  
Jan Luiten
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Marriage Pattern ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Property Transfers

This chapter argues that the European Marriage Pattern (EMP) played a fundamental role in western Europe’s economic development. The EMP emerged in northwestern Europe in the late medieval period as a result of the Catholic Church’s promotion of marriage based on consensus, the rise of labor markets, and specific institutions concerning property transfers between generations that encouraged wage labor by women. This combination of factors resulted in a demographic regime embedded in a highly commercial environment, in which households interacted frequently with labor, capital, and commodity markets. The authors also discuss possible long-term consequences for human capital formation and institution building, which are elaborated upon in later chapters of the book.

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