Anti-inflammatory Properties of Macrolide Antibiotics

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Kourlas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Small Clinical Trials

The use of macrolide antibiotics for other clinical uses outside of their antimicrobial capabilities has been questioned and theorized in both in vitro and animal studies. Several small clinical trials have shown that erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin possess anti-inflammatory characteristics in patients with respiratory diseases. To determine whether macrolide antibiotics possess this unique characteristic, data from controlled trials involving human subjects were extracted and analyzed. Conclusions from trials suggest that select macrolide antibiotics possess anti-inflammatory properties in patients with respiratory diseases who do not show evidence of a bacterial infection.

Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Osseointegration: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Isaac Fernandes Gomes ◽  
Maria Gerusa Brito Aragão ◽  
Vicente de Paulo Teixeira Pinto ◽  
Delane Viana Gondim ◽  
Francisco Cesar Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Osteoprogenitor Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The purpose of this study was to review the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on osseointegration and determine whether they cause failures in dental implants and whether patients who use them chronically can receive dental implants safely. A bibliographic electronic search was performed using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Medline databases, selecting articles published between January 1982 and December 2012. The search included the following keywords, either alone or combined: “nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,” “dental implants,” “bone healing,” and “osteoprogenitor cells.” The inclusion criteria were the following: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies, in vivo animal model studies of osseointegration, and in vitro studies of the effects of these agents on osteoprogenitor cells. The literature search revealed 360 references. A total of 31 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 2 clinical trials, 20 animal studies, and 9 osteoprogenitor cell studies. The clinical trials revealed that cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors did not impair osseointegration. The animal studies showed that any drug that is capable of inhibiting COX-2 may impair the osseointegration process. The in vitro studies showed that COX-2 inhibitors are the most potent depressors of osseointegration at the cellular level. Caution must be taken when selecting COX-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during the postoperative period.

Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Plant-Derived Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar ◽  
Nurul Iman Natasya Zulkafali ◽  
Azizah Ugusman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that are responsible towards the degradation, repair and remodelling of extracellular matrix components. MMPs play an important role in maintaining a normal physiological function and preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products derived from plants have been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Its active compounds, such as catechin, resveratrol and quercetin, are suggested to play an important role as MMPs inhibitors, thereby opening new insights into their applications in many fields, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review summarises the current knowledge on plant-derived natural products with MMP-modulating activities. Most of the reviewed plant-derived products exhibit an inhibitory activity on MMPs. Amongst MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most studied. The expression of MMPs is inhibited through respective signalling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB and PI3 kinase pathways, which contribute to the reduction in cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation and migration. Most studies have employed in vitro models, but a limited number of animal studies and clinical trials have been conducted. Even though plant-derived products show promising results in modulating MMPs, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to support their therapeutic applications in the future.

scholarly journals Peptide hormone relaxin: from bench to bedside

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (6) ◽  
pp. R753-R760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jelinic ◽  
Sarah A. Marshall ◽  
Dennis Stewart ◽  
Elaine Unemori ◽  
Laura J. Parry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

The peptide hormone relaxin has numerous roles both within and independent of pregnancy and is often thought of as a “pleiotropic hormone.” Relaxin targets several tissues throughout the body, and has many functions associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and the vasculature. This review considers the potential therapeutic applications of relaxin in cervical ripening, in vitro fertilization, preeclampsia, acute heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion, and cirrhosis. We first outline the animal models used in preclinical studies to progress relaxin into clinical trials and then discuss the findings from these studies. In many cases, the positive outcomes from preclinical animal studies were not replicated in human clinical trials. Therefore, the focus of this review is to evaluate the various animal models used to develop relaxin as a potential therapeutic and consider the limitations that must be addressed in future studies. These include the use of human relaxin in animals, duration of relaxin treatment, and the appropriateness of the clinical conditions being considered for relaxin therapy.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel therapy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winifred Broekman ◽  
Padmini P S J Khedoe ◽  
Koen Schepers ◽  
Helene Roelofs ◽  
Jan Stolk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Model Studies

COPD is characterised by tissue destruction and inflammation. Given the lack of curative treatments and the progressive nature of the disease, new treatments for COPD are highly relevant. In vitro cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to modify immune responses and to enhance tissue repair. These properties of MSCs provided a rationale to investigate their potential for treatment of a variety of diseases, including COPD. Preclinical models support the hypothesis that MSCs may have clinical efficacy in COPD. However, although clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of MSC treatment, thus far they have not provided evidence for MSC efficacy in the treatment of COPD. In this review, we discuss the rationale for MSC-based cell therapy in COPD, the main findings from in vitro and in vivo preclinical COPD model studies, clinical trials in patients with COPD and directions for further research.

scholarly journals Update on the Effects of Antioxidants on Diabetic Retinopathy: In Vitro Experiments, Animal Studies and Clinical Trials

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Javier Garcia-Medina ◽  
Elena Rubio-Velazquez ◽  
Elisa Foulquie-Moreno ◽  
Ricardo P Casaroli-Marano ◽  
Maria Dolores Pinazo-Duran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factors

Current therapies for diabetic retinopathy (DR) incorporate blood glucose and blood pressure control, vitrectomy, photocoagulation, and intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors or corticosteroids. Nonetheless, these techniques have not been demonstrated to completely stop the evolution of this disorder. The pathophysiology of DR is not fully known, but there is more and more evidence indicating that oxidative stress is an important mechanism in the progression of DR. In this sense, antioxidants have been suggested as a possible therapy to reduce the complications of DR. In this review we aim to assemble updated information in relation to in vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical trials dealing with the effect of the antioxidants on DR.

Macrolides: from in vitro anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties to clinical practice in respiratory diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Zarogoulidis ◽  
N. Papanas ◽  
I. Kioumis ◽  
E. Chatzaki ◽  
E. Maltezos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Lichens as a source of chemical compounds with anti-inflammatory activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka ◽  
Adrianna Dubino
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Medicinal Substances ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Biological Actions

SummarySymptoms of inflammation accompany a number of diseases. In order to mitigate them, folk medicine has used a variety of medicinal substances, including herbs and mushrooms. Lichens are less known organisms, containing specific secondary metabolites with interesting biological properties. One of their biological actions is the anti-inflammatory activity that has been confirmed byin vitroand animal studies. It has been proven that compounds and extracts from lichens inhibit the enzymes involved in the inflammatory process. The following paper is a review of research on the little-known anti-inflammatory properties of lichens.

scholarly journals Modulation of Cytokine Production by Drugs with Antiepileptic or Mood Stabilizer Properties in Anti-CD3- and Anti-CD40-Stimulated BloodIn Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubertus Himmerich ◽  
Stefanie Bartsch ◽  
Hajo Hamer ◽  
Roland Mergl ◽  
Jeremias Schönherr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Whole Blood Assay ◽  
Blood Assay ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Increased cytokine production possibly due to oxidative stress has repeatedly been shown to play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Recentin vitroand animal studies of valproic acid (VPA) report antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and suppression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. We tested the effect of drugs with antiepileptic or mood stabilizer properties, namely, primidone (PRM), carbamazepine (CBZ), levetiracetam (LEV), lamotrigine (LTG), VPA, oxcarbazepine (OXC), topiramate (TPM), phenobarbital (PB), and lithium on the production of the following cytokinesin vitro: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, and TNF-α. We performed a whole blood assay with stimulated blood of 14 healthy female subjects. Anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3, combined with 5C3 antibody against CD40, was used as stimulant. We found a significant reduction of IL-1 and IL-2 levels with all tested drugs other than lithium in the CD3/5C3-stimulated blood; VPA led to a decrease in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-αproduction, which substantiates and adds knowledge to current hypotheses on VPA’s anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Inflammatory Effects of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chong Li ◽  
Yongpeng He ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Yuting Gou ◽  
Shuting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Lung And Kidney

This study is aimed at identifying the bioactive components in lotus leaf flavonoid extract (LLFE) and analyzing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of LLFE in vitro and in vivo. The flavonoids in LLFE were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. The effect of LLFE on damaged 293T cells (H2O2, 0.3 mmol/L) was determined by MTT assay, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes was measured by kits. We studied the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of LLFE on D-Gal/LPS (30 mg/kg·bw and 3 μg/kg·bw)-induced aging mice. We also evaluated the main organ index, pathological changes in the liver, lung, and kidney, liver function index, biochemical index, cytokine level, and mRNA expression level in serum and liver. The results showed that LLFE contains baicalein, kaempferol, kaempferid, quercetin, isorhamnetin, hyperoside, lespenephryl, and rutin. LLFE reduced the oxidative damage sustained by 293T cells, increased the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px, and decreased the level of MDA. The animal studies revealed that LLFE reduced oxidative damage and inflammation in injured mice, inhibited increases in AST, ALT, MDA, and NO, increased SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px levels, upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-12, and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Furthermore, the expression of antioxidant- and anti-inflammatory-related mRNA was consistent with the above results.

scholarly journals Biosimilars: development and investigation using achievements in modern biotechnology

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-560
Author(s):  
R. R. Niyazov ◽  
M. A. Dranitsyna ◽  
A. N. Vasiliev ◽  
E. V. Gavrishina
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Impurity Profile ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
Scientific Standards

Biosimilars are biological drug products that have an equivalent clinical profile with innovator biotherapeutics but are developed under a reduced program. To this end, specific comparability approaches are followed based on reverse engineering that involves a thorough analysis of the innovator biotherapeutics and the development of the version of the latter, which should be as much as possible similar with respect to structural and functional characteristics with the innovator. This approach includes the evaluation and comparison between the biosimilar and innovator biologic with respect to the molecular structure and impurity profile and of biological activity in in vitro settings as well as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and immunogenicity characteristics on human subjects. Where considered necessary, animal studies or phase 3 clinical studies might be performed when residual uncertainties remain in terms of biosimilarity, that could not have been resolved in the previous tests and trials. Any potentially inevitable differences should be insignificant for safety and efficacy. The state-of-the-art methods of biotechnology and analytics, when applied in line with the appropriate scientific and regulatory requirements, can allow developing similar biologics where no difference in the clinical profile exists with the respective innovator product. Available experience demonstrates the lack of major problems due to the incomparability between the biosimilar and corresponding reference biologics when applicable scientific standards and regulatory recommendations are met.

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