scholarly journals Food safety, agro-industries, and China’s international trade: A standard-based approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Augustin-Jean ◽  
Lei Xie
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Food Standards

Economic sociology views markets as organizations characterized by power relations. In this framework, competition is not only for price or quality, but also for market structures, including norms and standards. Food standards, therefore, are not only public goods or tools to protect domestic markets, but they also aim to redesign the rules of the market and provide a competitive advantage to firms and national industries: they are part of the politicization of science. This article argues that China is participating in this form of competition. Since its WTO membership, it has gradually learnt the rules of globalization and has implemented many global standards to benefit from international trade. In recent years, however, it has assumed a more proactive role in reframing international standards of agro-food markets in general and food safety in particular, despite existing problems in its domestic food markets. Three case studies – milk imports; the diplomatic and trade competition for the implementation of a ractopamine (an additive in pig and cattle feed) standard; and the current negotiations for new international standards for cotton – show how China is using different strategies and methods to redesign the shape of international trade.

scholarly journals Consumer Perception of Food Quality and Safety in Western Balkan Countries: Evidence from Albania and Kosovo

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Rainer Haas ◽  
Drini Imami ◽  
Iliriana Miftari ◽  
Prespa Ymeri ◽  
Klaus Grunert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Brand Reputation ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Food Quality And Safety ◽  
Safety Attributes ◽  
Food Safety And Quality ◽  
Domestic Food

Domestic food markets are of significant importance to Kosovar and Albanian companies because access to export markets is under-developed, partly as a result of the gaps in food safety and quality standards. Kosovar and Albanian consumers’ use of food safety attributes and their evaluation of the quality of domestic food versus imported food are the research objectives of this study. The paper is based on a structured consumer survey of 300 Kosovars and 349 Albanians analyzing their perceptions of issues related to food safety and quality, measured through two respective batteries of items using a 5-point Likert scale. We used the t-test to identify differences between populations, correlation analysis and the bootstrapping method. Despite the prevalent problems with food safety, consumers in both countries consider domestic food to be safer as well as of higher quality than imported products. Kosovars are more likely than Albanians to perceive domestic food products to be significantly better than imported products. Female and better educated consumers use information related to food safety more often. Expiry date, domestic and local origin, and brand reputation are the most frequently used safety and quality cues for both samples. International food standards such as ISO or HACCP are less frequently used as quality cues by these consumer groups. It is important to strengthen the institutional framework related to food safety and quality following best practices from EU countries.

scholarly journals Defining Risk in Food Safety in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-257
Author(s):  
Abigail S. Rustia ◽  
Mariel Adie P. Tan ◽  
Danisha Niña S. Guiriba ◽  
Francis Philip S. Magtibay ◽  
Isaiah Rome J. Bondoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The World

Food safety is a fundamental public health concern that is dependent on various factors such as changing global food production patterns, public expectations, and international trade policies.1,2 As a member of the World Trade Organization, the Philippines has agreed to follow the Uruguay Round of Trade Organization, the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement and Technical Barriers to Trade that permits countries to take legitimate measures to protect life and health of their consumers in relation to food safety matters while prohibiting them from using those measures in a way that unjustifiably restricts food trade.3,4,5 The Philippines is also a member of the Codex Alimentarius Commission that aims to ensure consumer protection and to facilitate international trade.6 With these objectives, Codex focuses on the development of food standards based on risk analysis and independent scientific advice provided by expert bodies organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization.7 Risk analysis is a systematic and disciplined methodology that provides policymakers with the science-based information and evidence needed for effective and transparent decision-making, leading to improvements in food safety and public health.8 In the Philippines, Republic Act No. 10611 or the Food Safety Act of 2013, serves as the framework for implementing the farm to fork food safety regulatory system which ensures a high level of consumer health protection, fair trade practices and global competitiveness of Philippine foods by controlling hazards in the food chain, adoption of precautionary measures based on scientific risk analysis, and adoption of international standards.9

scholarly journals Problems of the preliminary customs informing system and the introduction of the Single Window at the sea check points of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 04004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Maydanova ◽  
Igor Ilin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Check Points ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
National Governments

The Single Window concept in the international trade and logistics has been explored by international organizations and national governments over the last two decades. International standards and recommendations, government decisions on this approach are widespread today in both developed and developing countries. Similar decisions and legal acts were implemented during the last ten years by the Russian Federation, as a member of the Eurasian Economic Union. This article provides overview of the following coherent stage – the implementation of preliminary customs informing system at sea check points of the RF with concerns of the Single Window introduction.

Food charity and the changing welfare state

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Lambie-Mumford
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Food Charity ◽  
Access To Food

Chapter 7 looks at the role of the state and examines the changing nature of the UK welfare state and the impact these changes are having on the need for and shape of emergency food provision. The chapter argues that social security and on-going reforms to it are impacting on need for emergency food in two key ways: through changes to the levels of entitlement; and problematic administrative processes. Furthermore, the consequences of welfare reforms are impacting on the nature of these systems. As the level of need is driven up, projects are re-considering their operations, contemplating logistics and means of protecting projects’ access to food. At a local level, particular reforms appear to be embedding local welfare systems which increasingly incorporate local food projects.The question of the state as duty bearer is discussed. By right to food standards the welfare state can be considered a vital aspect to both fulfilling and protecting people’s right; but the state’s role is much broader, encompassing action in relation to labour markets, commercial food markets and other spheres where it could exercise influence to respect and protect people’s human right.

scholarly journals Ethics Committee as A Tool to Improve the Management of Psychological and Pedagogical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 02030
Author(s):  
Alexey Mikhailovich Dvoinin ◽  
Svetlana Evgenievnа Shukshina ◽  
Andrey Andreevich Sevalnikov ◽  
Irina Sergeevna Bulanova ◽  
Henndy Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Committee ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Ethical Violations ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Status ◽  
Academic Practices ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
The University

The article considers the problem of low quality pedagogical and psychological/pedagogical research in the Russian academic context, closely interconnected with bad academic practices in conducting this kind of research. The authors identified the most common ethical violations, including imitation of scientific research, compiling scientific texts, falsification of results, incorrect borrowing, etc. The paper contains a pre-project analysis of the management model of psychological and pedagogical research common in modern Russian universities and conclusions on its failure in the conditions of transition to the global standards for assessing the quality of education and research. The authors present an approach to the development of a model for managing psychological and pedagogical research at the university level. The proposed model is based on international standards of scientific ethics and principles of evidence-based science, and the committee on the ethics of psychological and pedagogical research is its key element. The paper determines the status, structure, functions of the ethics committee, as well as specific features and possible risks of implementing the proposed alternative model in universities with serious problems in the field of good academic practice.

scholarly journals International Technical Standards: An Overview

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hebner
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

The growing globalization of industry is stimulating a growing emphasis on international standards. Standards are important because they provide significant economic benefit. They are also costly and much of the benefit is broad-based, i.e. it does not accrue preferentially to those who incur the cost. Finally, there is a highly disaggregated international standards system and at least two very different basic philosophies as to how standard systems should operate. The effect of the individual cost-benefit analysis by organizations may produce a hybrid system that produces both global standards in which each country participates in the development as well as less costly technical and consortium standards.

scholarly journals Food Safety Management in Ukraine in the Context of the International Standard ISO 22000:2005

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 187-190
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Haccp System ◽  
Food Safety Standards

The article examines the features of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system as a factor in food safety. The principles of HACCP, formulated in the ISO 22000: 2005 standard, in the Alimentations Commission Codex are compared, as well as in accordance with the Ukrainian regulatory document "Requirements for the development of food safety standards", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on October 1, 2012 No. 590. The comparison is carried out in order to establish the compliance of the Ukrainian HACCP system with the international rules, in particular the ISO 22000: 2005 standard. Shown, that the principles of the Ukrainian HACCP system generally comply with international standards, in particular ISO 22000: 2005. This means that the legislation of Ukraine guarantees that, in compliance with it, food products originating from Ukraine comply with international requirements for the control of its manufacture. The guarantee of this is the system of control measures that are provided for by the laws of Ukraine regarding compliance with the requirements of the HACCP system.

scholarly journals Present status and constitutional remedies of continuing medical education in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 776-781
Author(s):  
Sang Hyun Kim ◽  
Jung Yul Park
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Medical Education System ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study is to identify the historical background and status of continuing medical education (CME) in Korea, and to establish a method for improving CME in the future. Currently, the CME in Korea presents several problems that need to be addressed, such as the appropriateness of the annual required credits, maintenance of simple refresher training, insufficient online education, and evaluation and accreditation of educational institutions. Solutions are offered in the form of increased time for the required credits, introduction of social competency topics and education methods, improvement of online education, evaluation to improve the quality of CME, and introduction of a systematic and appropriate evaluation and accreditation system. CME and continuing professional development (CPD) are not only obligations stipulated in the medical law, but also professional requisites in terms of securing autonomy through self-development and self-regulation. It aims to enlighten the high level of professionalism required by the international community. It is an essential requirement and ultimately promotes and protects the physical, mental, and social health of people worldwide. In order to cope with the international standards of CME/CPD that ensure high quality treatment and patient safety, it is crucial to reform the continuing medical education system by securing the physicians’ professionalism. To this end, authors propose the improvement and implementation of CME system in Korea based on internal review and benchmarks of the internationally recognized CME/CPD systems that meet global standards.

Schiedsvereinbarung und Vollstreckung in arabischen Staaten

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Tobias Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Civil Procedure ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
Arab States

For the outside observer, arbitration in Arab states is an Enigma. Though some issues are discussed in general terms in western scholarship, there is no systematic account taking into consideration the latest seismic shifts. This book analyses Arab language jurisprudence and scholarship in the context of global standards. It focusses on the arbitration agreement and discusses the exequatur with its links to general civil procedure and compulsory enforcement. It shows that though international standards and traditional ideas coexist, that coexistence causes friction and today’s dominant views require revision.

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