scholarly journals Hebdomadal Patterns of Compensatory Behaviour: Weekday and Weekend Housework Participation in Canada, 1986–2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽  
Man-Yee Kan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Time Use ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Time Availability ◽  
Low Levels

Quantitative housework research focused on aggregate weekly hours, which are inadequate in revealing hebdomadal compensatory behaviour in housework participation because such behaviour is likely to occur on weekends when couples have more time to do housework. This article extends the existing theoretical frameworks by accounting for the hebdomadal patterns in routine and non-routine housework tasks. Employing five time-use waves of the Canadian General Social Survey, our study shows that the hebdomadal compensatory behaviour applies both to women and men. Equal-earner and breadwinner wives compensate for their low levels of weekday housework participation by doing more routine housework on weekends. Similarly, husbands also increase their time on routine housework on weekends. Therefore, compensatory behaviour is more likely to depend on hebdomadal time availability rather than on the neutralisation of gender deviance in the labour market (gender deviance neutralisation). Some evidence of the gender deviance neutralisation, however, cannot be completely ruled out.

Telecommuting and sustainable travel: Reduction of overall travel time, increases in non-motorised travel and congestion relief?

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 2226-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Lachapelle ◽  
Georges A Tanguay ◽  
Léa Neumark-Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Time Use ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Rebound Effects ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Mobility Tool

Existing research has concluded that shares of telecommuting are low but stable, increase with distance from the workplace and that telecommuting may reduce commuting-related travel. Its effect on work and non-work travel are subject to rebound effects and, thus, still debated. Additionally, telecommuting does not necessarily occur entirely at home. The paper studies telecommuting’s potential as a sustainable mobility tool in Canada to reduce overall travel time and peak hour travel, and to increase non-motorised travel. Do types of telecommuting arrangements have varying relationships with these studied travel patterns? Using time use data from the 2005 Canadian General Social Survey, studied outcomes are regressed on telecommuting arrangements (all day home working, part-day home working and a combination of other locations and home and/or workplace) and other personal characteristics. Depending on telecommuting arrangements and travel outcomes, results vary. Working from home is associated with decreases in overall travel time by 14 minutes and increases in odds of non-motorised travel by 77%. Other forms of telecommuting yield different results. Telecommuters may be more likely to avoid peak hours when they do take trips. Types of telecommuting arrangements have different impacts on sustainable travel outcomes that should be considered depending on policy priorities.

scholarly journals Multiple health conditions and barriers to healthcare among older Australians: prevalence, reasons and types of barriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeromey B. Temple ◽  
Ruth Williams
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Times ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Barriers To Healthcare ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics ◽  
Multiple Health

Accompanying population ageing is an increase in the number of older Australians living with multiple health conditions and disabilities (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2014). This study sought to examine the barriers to accessing healthcare faced by older Australians. Utilising the 2014 Australian Bureau of Statistics General Social Survey, it was found that 6% of respondents aged 50 years and over reported experiencing a barrier to accessing healthcare within the previous 12 months. Those with multiple health conditions are at a considerably higher risk of experiencing a barrier to healthcare (21% with four or more disabilities) compared with people with no or fewer health conditions, and this risk persists once wide-ranging control variables are included. Long waiting times or unavailability of appointments (43%) were the main type of barriers to accessing healthcare, followed by cost (23%). Points-of-care barriers experienced included accessing GPs, specialists and hospital sector care. Respondents who experienced a barrier were more likely to have low levels of trust in the healthcare system compared with people who had no experience of barriers to healthcare, and were more likely to have a perception of experiencing discrimination or unfair treatment in a healthcare setting.

The influence of hukou and college education in China’s labour market

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1504-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Yanjie Bian
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
College Education ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Equal Chance ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
College Educated

This paper examines the impact of hukou and college education on job placement and wage attainment for Chinese rural migrant workers in the cities. The analysis of the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey shows that when rural-born individuals gain both urban hukou and college education, they enjoy equal job-sector placement and they earn significantly higher wages than the college-educated locals. But in the absence of a rural-to-urban hukou transfer, migrants have fewer opportunities to go to college than local peers, and even college education does not gain a migrant an equal chance of working in the state sector or receiving equal earnings. A major contribution of this study is to suggest a nine-category analytic scheme, which takes into account how education, hukou and type of workplace affect one another in jointly influencing labour market inequality between rural migrants and urbanite workers.

scholarly journals Canadians’ Family Meal Status: A Comparison between Anglophones and Francophones

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Davod Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Nutrition Labels ◽  
Family Meal ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
At Home

<p><em>In this paper, we studied Anglophones and Francophones’ family meal such as, frequency of family meals, shopping for groceries, selecting foods based on nutrition labels, personal cooking abilities, and types of foods used when preparing meals. We also investigated the association between the amounts of minutes eating meals at home and some socio-demographic characteristics. Data from Canadian Community Health Survey: Food Skill 1 on 2012 and General Social Survey: Time Use was analyzed. A decreasing trend was found for the more amount of time spent on meals at home for Anglophones and Francophones in the last two decades. However, Francophones still spent more amounts of time on meals at home compared to their Anglophone counterparts.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Measuring Integration of Disabled Persons: Evidence from Canada’s Time Use Databases

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarke Wilson ◽  
Mary Ann McColl ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Paige McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Activity Limitation ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Disabled Women ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Integration Data

Disability is defined in terms of activity limitation. We propose using daily time use data as a macro indicator of the degree of integration of people with disabilities into the wider society. If activity patterns of disabled persons are becoming more similar to those of the general population, this indicates a reduction in activity limitation and suggests opportunity and social integration are increasing. Decreasing similarity of activity patterns would indicate a failure of policies promoting integration. Data on daily activities were drawn from Statistics Canada General Social Survey files for the cycles focusing on time use for 1992 and 2010. Canada-wide there has been a convergence of the activities of disabled and non-disabled persons of about 13 percent over the period examined. Convergence has been slightly greater for disabled women than men. The major source of convergence for disabled women has been a very large increase in paid work time as compared with disabled men. Our results are consistent with the proposition that public policy on disability is succeeding, but the attribution of activity convergence to policy and program interventions would require a great deal of additional research. 

Durations and Domains of Daily Aerobic Activity: Evidence From the 2010 Canadian Time-Use Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Millward ◽  
Jamie E. L. Spinney ◽  
Darren Scott
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent Of Task ◽  
Time Use Survey

Background:This study employs national time-diary data to evaluate how much aerobic activity Canadians engage in on a daily basis, how that activity is apportioned by activity domain, and how subgroups within the population vary in their aerobic attainment.Methods:The study employs time-use data from the 2010 General Social Survey of Canada, for 15,390 respondents aged 15 and older. To estimate effort levels, the authors harmonized survey codes with those in the Compendium of Physical Activities. Aerobic activity was defined as moderate or vigorous effort at 3.5 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) or higher.Results:Among the 4 activity domains, aerobic participation is highest in leisure activities, followed by chores, paid work, and active transportation (AT). Only a minority (42%) of respondents recorded at least 20 mins/day of aerobic activity. Aerobic totals were particularly low for women and those in poor or fair health, and low for students, 15- to 24-year-olds, and those residing in Quebec, Ontario, and larger cities.Conclusions:The majority of Canadian adults are failing to meet recommended aerobic activity levels. However, there is considerable opportunity to increase aerobic participation for some groups, particularly women and young adults, especially in the leisure and AT domains.

scholarly journals The changing impact of conjugal status and motherhood on employment across generations of Canadian women

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Pacaut ◽  
Céline Le Bourdais ◽  
Benoît Laplante
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Event History ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
History Analysis

We use event history analysis and retrospective data from the 2001 General Social Survey to study the changing relationships between conjugal life and motherhood and the employment behaviour of Canadian women who were born between 1937 and 1976. Our results show thedecreasing importance of marriage to explain the rhythm of entry and return into the labour market among younger generations of women. However, marriage still appears to increase the rate of work interruption for those who had started working. The effect of motherhood on the key stages of women’s working lives was also found to vary across generations.

Downward flexibility: Who is willing to take an inferior job?

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Wilson ◽  
Markus Hadler
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
International Social Survey Programme ◽  
Market Regimes ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
International Social

Most workers look forward to better jobs across their careers, but in an age of rising inequality and insecurity at work, some are willing to accept an inferior job in order to avoid joblessness. We use the Work Orientations III survey from the 2005 International Social Survey Programme to explore such ‘downward flexibility’ and develop several regression models specified for 19 OECD countries to test hypotheses and explore macro- and individual-level variations. Workers in liberal ‘labour market regimes’ are more tolerant of downward adaptations, in line with evidence that these regimes produce strongly institutionalized norms of flexibility. Tolerance of a worse job is also higher among those with weak labour market positions (low-income respondents, women and young people). Further macro-level analysis suggests that the ‘model’ country with the most downwardly flexible workers would be rich and unequal, with weak unions and low levels of social protection and industrial rights.

A Distinct Society? Understanding Social Distrust in Quebec

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Aengus Bridgman ◽  
Rosalie Nadeau ◽  
Dietlind Stolle
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Linguistic Ability ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Following public debates on the topic of trust in Quebec, this article examines the alleged social capital differential between Quebec and the rest of Canada. The literature has found lower levels of generalized trust in Quebec, but explanations offered are diverse and conjectural, with historical, sociological and political factors all in contention. We test contextual and compositional influences, including cohort differences, language and linguistic ability, religion, ethnicity, and neighbourhood-level measures of diversity, using pooled cross-sectional data from the Canadian General Social Survey (2003, 2008 and 2013) linked with precise measures of neighbourhood-level ethnic and linguistic diversity drawn from the Canadian census. We identify those Quebecers who have low levels of trust and those who more closely resemble their counterparts in the rest of Canada. We find that individual linguistic ability and linguistic heterogeneity of the neighbourhood are important correlates of trust and that among francophone populations, social distrust is found most in unilingual homogenous communities.

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