Telecommuting and sustainable travel: Reduction of overall travel time, increases in non-motorised travel and congestion relief?

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 2226-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Lachapelle ◽  
Georges A Tanguay ◽  
Léa Neumark-Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Time Use ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Rebound Effects ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Mobility Tool

Existing research has concluded that shares of telecommuting are low but stable, increase with distance from the workplace and that telecommuting may reduce commuting-related travel. Its effect on work and non-work travel are subject to rebound effects and, thus, still debated. Additionally, telecommuting does not necessarily occur entirely at home. The paper studies telecommuting’s potential as a sustainable mobility tool in Canada to reduce overall travel time and peak hour travel, and to increase non-motorised travel. Do types of telecommuting arrangements have varying relationships with these studied travel patterns? Using time use data from the 2005 Canadian General Social Survey, studied outcomes are regressed on telecommuting arrangements (all day home working, part-day home working and a combination of other locations and home and/or workplace) and other personal characteristics. Depending on telecommuting arrangements and travel outcomes, results vary. Working from home is associated with decreases in overall travel time by 14 minutes and increases in odds of non-motorised travel by 77%. Other forms of telecommuting yield different results. Telecommuters may be more likely to avoid peak hours when they do take trips. Types of telecommuting arrangements have different impacts on sustainable travel outcomes that should be considered depending on policy priorities.

scholarly journals Hebdomadal Patterns of Compensatory Behaviour: Weekday and Weekend Housework Participation in Canada, 1986–2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽  
Man-Yee Kan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Time Use ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Time Availability ◽  
Low Levels

Quantitative housework research focused on aggregate weekly hours, which are inadequate in revealing hebdomadal compensatory behaviour in housework participation because such behaviour is likely to occur on weekends when couples have more time to do housework. This article extends the existing theoretical frameworks by accounting for the hebdomadal patterns in routine and non-routine housework tasks. Employing five time-use waves of the Canadian General Social Survey, our study shows that the hebdomadal compensatory behaviour applies both to women and men. Equal-earner and breadwinner wives compensate for their low levels of weekday housework participation by doing more routine housework on weekends. Similarly, husbands also increase their time on routine housework on weekends. Therefore, compensatory behaviour is more likely to depend on hebdomadal time availability rather than on the neutralisation of gender deviance in the labour market (gender deviance neutralisation). Some evidence of the gender deviance neutralisation, however, cannot be completely ruled out.

scholarly journals Canadians’ Family Meal Status: A Comparison between Anglophones and Francophones

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Davod Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Nutrition Labels ◽  
Family Meal ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
At Home

<p><em>In this paper, we studied Anglophones and Francophones’ family meal such as, frequency of family meals, shopping for groceries, selecting foods based on nutrition labels, personal cooking abilities, and types of foods used when preparing meals. We also investigated the association between the amounts of minutes eating meals at home and some socio-demographic characteristics. Data from Canadian Community Health Survey: Food Skill 1 on 2012 and General Social Survey: Time Use was analyzed. A decreasing trend was found for the more amount of time spent on meals at home for Anglophones and Francophones in the last two decades. However, Francophones still spent more amounts of time on meals at home compared to their Anglophone counterparts.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Measuring Integration of Disabled Persons: Evidence from Canada’s Time Use Databases

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarke Wilson ◽  
Mary Ann McColl ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Paige McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Activity Limitation ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Disabled Women ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Integration Data

Disability is defined in terms of activity limitation. We propose using daily time use data as a macro indicator of the degree of integration of people with disabilities into the wider society. If activity patterns of disabled persons are becoming more similar to those of the general population, this indicates a reduction in activity limitation and suggests opportunity and social integration are increasing. Decreasing similarity of activity patterns would indicate a failure of policies promoting integration. Data on daily activities were drawn from Statistics Canada General Social Survey files for the cycles focusing on time use for 1992 and 2010. Canada-wide there has been a convergence of the activities of disabled and non-disabled persons of about 13 percent over the period examined. Convergence has been slightly greater for disabled women than men. The major source of convergence for disabled women has been a very large increase in paid work time as compared with disabled men. Our results are consistent with the proposition that public policy on disability is succeeding, but the attribution of activity convergence to policy and program interventions would require a great deal of additional research. 

scholarly journals "Please name the first two people you would ask for help"

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Kogovšek ◽  
Maja Mrzel ◽  
Valentina Hlebec
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
Network Composition ◽  
Science Methodology

Social network indicators (e.g., network size, network structure and network composition) and the quality of their measurement may be affected by different factors such as measurement method, type of social support, limitation of the number of alters, context of the questionnaire, question wording, personal characteristics of respondents such as age, gender or personality traits and others. In this paper we focus on the effect of limiting the number of alters on network composition indicators (e.g., percentage of kin, friends etc.), which are often used in substantive studies on social support, epidemiological studies and so on. Often social networks are only one among many topics measured in such large studies; therefore, limitation of the number of alters that can be named is often used directly (e.g., International Social Survey Programme) or indirectly (e.g., General Social Survey) in the network items. The analysis was done on two comparable data sets from different years. Data were collected by the name generator approach by students of the University of Ljubljana as part of various social science methodology courses. Network composition on the basis of direct use (i.e., already in the question wording) of limitation on the number of alters is compared to network composition on full network data (i.e.,collected without any limitations).

Durations and Domains of Daily Aerobic Activity: Evidence From the 2010 Canadian Time-Use Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Millward ◽  
Jamie E. L. Spinney ◽  
Darren Scott
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent Of Task ◽  
Time Use Survey

Background:This study employs national time-diary data to evaluate how much aerobic activity Canadians engage in on a daily basis, how that activity is apportioned by activity domain, and how subgroups within the population vary in their aerobic attainment.Methods:The study employs time-use data from the 2010 General Social Survey of Canada, for 15,390 respondents aged 15 and older. To estimate effort levels, the authors harmonized survey codes with those in the Compendium of Physical Activities. Aerobic activity was defined as moderate or vigorous effort at 3.5 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) or higher.Results:Among the 4 activity domains, aerobic participation is highest in leisure activities, followed by chores, paid work, and active transportation (AT). Only a minority (42%) of respondents recorded at least 20 mins/day of aerobic activity. Aerobic totals were particularly low for women and those in poor or fair health, and low for students, 15- to 24-year-olds, and those residing in Quebec, Ontario, and larger cities.Conclusions:The majority of Canadian adults are failing to meet recommended aerobic activity levels. However, there is considerable opportunity to increase aerobic participation for some groups, particularly women and young adults, especially in the leisure and AT domains.

scholarly journals What Dominates the Female Class Identification? Evidence From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Cheng ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Zhijun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Gender Consciousness ◽  
Intergenerational Influence ◽  
Class Identification ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

In advocating gender equality today, we should not only pay attention to women's social status but also call for the women's psychological identification of class equality. What dominates female class identification? To answer this question, based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2015, this study constructs a female class identity framework from five aspects: the mother's intergenerational influence, female personal characteristics, lifestyle, gender consciousness, and spouse status. In this study, the ordered logit model is used to empirically analyze the impact of various factors on female class identification, and the results show the following: (1) gender consciousness has a significant impact on female class identification. (2) Lifestyle has a significant impact on the situation of having a spouse. (3) Spouse status has a significant positive effect on female class identification. But (4) the mother's intergenerational influence has no effect on female class identification. Therefore, this paper suggests that we should improve laws and regulations to protect women's normal rights, encourage women to establish an independent and self-improvement character, and enhance the class consciousness of women, especially rural women, in order to achieve the overall improvement of female class and psychological identification.

Individual and Contextual Determinants of Citizens Use of Government Websites

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Marc Fudge ◽  
Gregg Van Ryzin
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

As government websites emerged as central features of e-government and even as public service delivery, concerns have grown about the digital divide—the separation of society into online and off-line citizens with varying access to this new source of government services and information. Yet, little is known about the characteristics of citizens that use, or do not use, government websites and utilizing data from the 2004 General Social Survey, a nationally representative sample, the authors examine the factors associated with citizens’ use of government websites at this key period in the evolution of the Internet. They consider various personal characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, race, gender, as well as political attitudes and behavior. Considered also are contextual characteristics, such as region of the country, type of employment and household structure. The results of this study are found further into the article.

GSS 2011 Linked with TIFF: Exploring the Cost of Child Care in Canada and the Use of the Child Care Tax Benefit

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Leanne Findlay ◽  
Dafna Kohen
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Employment Characteristics ◽  
Different Sources

Affordability of child care is fundamental to parents’, in particular, women’s decision to work. However, information on the cost of care in Canada is limited. The purpose of the current study was to examine the feasibility of using linked survey and administrative data to compare and contrast parent-reported child care costs based on two different sources of data. The linked file brings together data from the 2011 General Social Survey (GSS) and the annual tax files (TIFF) for the corresponding year (2010). Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the socio-demographic and employment characteristics of respondents who reported using child care, and child care costs were compared. In 2011, parents who reported currently paying for child care (GSS) spent almost $6700 per year ($7,500 for children age 5 and under). According to the tax files, individuals claimed just over $3900 per year ($4,700). Approximately one in four individuals who reported child care costs on the GSS did not report any amount on their tax file; about four in ten who claimed child care on the tax file did not report any cost on the survey. Multivariate analyses suggested that individuals with a lower education, lower income, with Indigenous identity, and who were self-employed were less likely to make a tax claim despite reporting child care expenses on the GSS. Further examination of child care costs by province and by type of care are necessary, as is research to determine the most accurate way to measure and report child care costs.

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